Pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza in two settings in a small community: the workplace and the university campus

SUMMARYData are rare on influenza outbreaks spreading through a workplace, but such transmission dynamics would be useful for comparison with the spread of the infection in other settings. We collected and compared infection data from two settings, a workplace and a university campus, during the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 outbreak in a geographically contained community. Trajectories of infection were markedly alike in both settings. This suggests that transmission behaviour was similar in individuals in the two environments, despite the condition that individuals can leave the workplace setting in order to avoid transmission.

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Epidemiological analysis of critically ill adult patients with pandemic influenza A(H1N1) in South Korea

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268812001604 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 141 (5) ◽

pp. 1070-1079 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S. B. HONG ◽

E. Y. CHOI ◽

S. H. KIM ◽

G. Y. SUH ◽

M. S. PARK ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Korea ◽

Influenza A ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

H1n1 Influenza ◽

Epidemiological Analysis ◽

Influenza A H1n1 ◽

Failure Assessment ◽

2009 H1n1 ◽

Independent Risk Factors ◽

Chronic Comorbidities

SUMMARYA total of 245 patients with confirmed 2009 H1N1 influenza were admitted to the intensive-care units of 28 hospitals (South Korea). Their mean age was 55·3 years with 68·6% aged >50 years, and 54·7% male. Nine were obese and three were pregnant. One or more comorbidities were present in 83·7%, and nosocomial acquisition occurred in 14·3%. In total, 107 (43·7%) patients received corticosteroids and 66·1% required mechanical ventilation. Eighty (32·7%) patients died within 30 days after onset of symptoms and 99 (40·4%) within 90 days. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the clinician's decision to prescribe corticosteroids, older age, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and nosocomial bacterial pneumonia were independent risk factors for 90-day mortality. In contrast with Western countries, critical illness in Korea in relation to 2009 H1N1 was most common in older patients with chronic comorbidities; nosocomial acquisition occurred occasionally but disease in obese or pregnant patients was uncommon.

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Seroincidence of Influenza Among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected Men During the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic, Bangkok, Thailand

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofu082 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shikha Garg ◽

Sonja J. Olsen ◽

Stefan Fernandez ◽

Charung Muangchana ◽

Kamonthip Rungrojcharoenkit ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza A ◽

Influenza Pandemic ◽

H1n1 Influenza ◽

First Year ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Influenza A H1n1 ◽

2009 H1n1 ◽

Paired Serum ◽

Sex With Men ◽

H1n1 Influenza Pandemic

Abstract Among 368 Thai men who have sex with men with paired serum samples collected before and during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, we determined influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 seroconversion rates (≥4-fold rise in antibody titers by hemagglutination inhibition or microneutralization assays). Overall, 66 of 232 (28%) participants seroconverted after the first year of A(H1N1)pdm09 activity, and 83 of 234 (35%) participants seroconverted after the second year. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 seroconversion did not differ between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected (55 of 2157 [35%]) and HIV-uninfected (71 of 2211 [34%]) participants (P = .78). Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 seroconversion occurred in approximately one third of our Thai study population and was similar among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected participants.

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The Cross-Transmission of 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Infections among Healthcare Workers and Inpatients in a Chinese Tertiary Hospital

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1086/664050 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 295-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mingmei Du ◽

Jijiang Suo ◽

Na Jia ◽

Yubin Xing ◽

Lijun Xie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Workers ◽

Influenza A ◽

H1n1 Influenza ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

Influenza Outbreak ◽

Influenza A H1n1 ◽

Contact Exposure ◽

Cross Transmission ◽

2009 H1n1

We reported 2009 H1N1 influenza infections among healthcare workers (HCWs) and inpatients and the prevention measures instituted in a large Chinese hospital. In total, 171 HCWs and 89 inpatients tested positive for H1N1. Sixteen HCWs had known hospital exposure, among whom only 7 had working-contact exposure. There was no influenza outbreak.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2012;33(3):295-298

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Hospitalisation associated with the 2009 H1N1 pandemic and seasonal influenza in Hong Kong, 2005 to 2010

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/ese.17.45.20309-en ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 17 (45) ◽

Author(s):

L Yang ◽

X L Wang ◽

K P Chan ◽

P H Cao ◽

H Y Lau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Pandemic Influenza ◽

Influenza A ◽

Seasonal Influenza ◽

H1n1 Influenza ◽

Morbidity Burden ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Influenza A H1n1 ◽

2009 H1n1

Reliable estimates of the morbidity burden caused by the 2009 pandemic influenza (pH1N1) are important for assessing the severity of the pandemic. Poisson regression models were fitted to weekly numbers of cause-specific hospitalisation in Hong Kong from 2005 to 2010. Excess hospitalisation associated with the 2009 pandemic and seasonal influenza was derived from the model by incorporating the proxy variables of weekly proportions of specimens positive for the pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, seasonal influenza A (subtypes H3N2 and H1N1) and B viruses. Compared with seasonal influenza, pH1N1 influenza was associated with higher hospitalisation rates for acute respiratory disease (ARD) among children younger than 18 years and adults aged between 18 and 64 years, but among the elderly aged 65 years and older the hospitalisation rates were lower for pH1N1 than for seasonal H3N2 and H1N1 influenza. Hospitalisation rates for chronic diseases associated with pH1N1 influenza were generally higher than those associated with seasonal influenza. The reported hospitalised cases with laboratory-confirmed pandemic infections accounted for only 16% of pH1N1 influenza-associated hospitalisations for ARD in the age group 75 years and older, and 5?66% of hospitalisations for chronic diseases in those older than 40 years. The 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic was associated with a dramatically increased risk of hospitalisation among children and young adults. The morbidity burden of pandemic was underreported in old people and in those with chronic conditions.

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Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection and avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection: a comparative analysisThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue entitled “Second International Symposium on Recent Advances in Basic, Clinical, and Social Medicine” and has undergone the Journal's usual peer review process.

Biochemistry and Cell Biology ◽

10.1139/o10-017 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 88 (4) ◽

pp. 575-587 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Christine Korteweg ◽

Jiang Gu

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Influenza A ◽

Peer Review Process ◽

Influenza Pandemic ◽

H1n1 Influenza ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Influenza A Viruses ◽

H5n1 Influenza ◽

Influenza A H1n1 ◽

2009 H1n1

The 2009 H1N1 and H5N1 influenza viruses are newly (re-) emerged influenza A viruses (2009 A(H1N1) and A(H5N1), respectively) that have recently posed tremendous health threats in many regions worldwide. With the 2009 outbreak of H1N1 influenza A, the world witnessed the first influenza pandemic of the 21st century. The disease has rapidly spread across the entire globe, and has resulted in hundreds of thousands of cases with confirmed infection. Although characterized by high transmissibility, the virulence and fatality of the 2009 A(H1N1) influenza virus have thus far remained relatively low. The reverse holds true for A(H5N1) influenza; at a fatality rate that exceeds 60%, it is known to cause severe damage to the human respiratory system, but is not presently capable of efficient transmission from human to human. Apart from the clear differences between the two types of influenza, there are some significant similarities that warrant attention. In particular, the more severe and fatal 2009 A(H1N1) influenza cases have shown symptoms similar to those reported in cases of A(H5N1) influenza. Histopathological findings for these cases, to the extent available, also appear to have similarities for both diseases in terms of damage and severity. Here we review important recent publications in this area, and we discuss some of the key commonalities and contrasts between the two influenza A types in terms of their biology, origins, clinical features, pathology and pathogenesis, and receptors and transmissibility.

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Prevention of Novel Influenza Infection in Newborns in Hospital Settings: Considerations and Strategies During the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness ◽

10.1001/dmp.2012.14 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 97-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lauren B. Zapata ◽

Juliette S. Kendrick ◽

Denise J. Jamieson ◽

Kitty MacFarlane ◽

Katherine Shealy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza A ◽

Influenza Infection ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Severe Illness ◽

H1n1 Pandemic ◽

Influenza A H1n1 ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

2009 H1n1 ◽

Novel Virus ◽

Influenza Outbreaks

ABSTRACTDuring the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic, many pregnant women experienced severe illness and some gave birth while ill with suspected or confirmed pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza. Because of concerns about possible transmission of this novel virus to immunologically naïve newborns, and the absence of definitive studies regarding this risk, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reviewed relevant literature to understand the potential burden of disease and routes of transmission affecting newborns. This report describes the issues considered during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic as CDC developed guidance to protect newborns in hospital settings. Also presented is a framework of protection efforts to prevent novel influenza infection in fetuses/newborns before birth and in hospital settings. Although developed specifically for the pandemic, the framework may be useful during future novel influenza outbreaks.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2012;6:97-103)

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CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED WITH 2009 H1N1 INFLUENZA IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN SOUTHERN SAUDI ARABIA

Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases ◽

10.4084/mjhid.2012.002 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. e2012002 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Adnan Agha ◽

Abdul Qader Alrawi ◽

Abdelhaleem Bella ◽

Mohammed S. AlAyed

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Influenza A ◽

H1n1 Virus ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

H1n1 Influenza ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Influenza A H1n1 ◽

2009 H1n1 ◽

A Prospective Study

Background Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus emerged and spread globally in the spring of 2009. We describe the clinical features of the patients who were hospitalized with 2009 H1N1 influenza July 2009 to June 2010 in a tertiary care hospital in Khamis Mushyt, Saudi Arabia. We analyzed the clinical and laboratory variables in order to determine predictors of poor outcome Methods We performed a prospective study in all patients who were hospitalized for at least 48 hours and with a positive test for 2009 H1N1 virus through RT-PCR(real time polymerase chain reaction). Their epidemiological, clinical, biochemical characteristics were collected and the hospital course of the patients with eventual outcome (discharge or death) was observed. We applied a logistic regression analysis to determine the best predictor of death.

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Molecular Evidence of Transmission of Influenza A/H1N1 2009 on a University Campus

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0168596 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. e0168596 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ramandeep Kaur Virk ◽

Vithiagaran Gunalan ◽

Hong Kai Lee ◽

Masafumi Inoue ◽

Catherine Chua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza A ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

University Campus ◽

Influenza A H1n1

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Subcutaneous Immunization with Baculovirus Surface-Displayed Hemagglutinin of Pandemic H1N1 Influenza A Virus Induces Protective Immunity in Mice

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.05114-11 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 1582-1585 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Mookkan Prabakaran ◽

Tao Meng ◽

Fang He ◽

Tan YunRui ◽

Jia Qiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Protective Immunity ◽

Influenza A ◽

H1n1 Virus ◽

H1n1 Influenza ◽

Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin ◽

Inactive Form ◽

2009 H1n1 ◽

Subcutaneous Immunization ◽

H1n1 Virus Infection

ABSTRACTThe protective immunity of baculovirus displaying influenza virus hemagglutinin (BacHA) against influenza 2009 H1N1 virus infection in a murine model was investigated. The results showed that mice vaccinated with live BacHA or an inactive form of adjuvanted BacHA had enhanced specific antibody responses and induced protective immunity against 2009 H1N1 virus infection, suggesting the potential of baculovirus as a live or inactivated vaccine.

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