Epidemiology ofMycoplasmaacquisition in male HIV-1 infected patients: a multistage cross-sectional survey in Jiangsu, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (15) ◽  
pp. 3327-3334 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.-S. CHEN ◽  
J.-R. WU ◽  
B. WANG ◽  
T. YANG ◽  
R. YUAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv Aids

SUMMARYMycoplasmainfections are most frequently associated with disease in the urogenital or respiratory tracts and, in most cases, mycoplasmas infect the host persistently. In HIV-infected individuals the prevalence and role of genital mycoplasmas has not been well studied. To investigate the six species ofMycoplasmaand the risk factors for infection in Jiangsu province, first-void urine and venous blood samples were collected and epidemiological questionnaires were administered after informed consent. A total of 1541 HIV/AIDS patients were recruited in this study. The overall infection rates of sixMycoplasmaspecies were:Ureaplasma urealyticum(26·7%),Mycoplasma hominis(25·3%),M. fermentans(5·1%),M. genitalium(20·1%),M. penetrans(1·6%) andM. pirum(15·4%). TheMycoplasmainfection rate in the unmarried group was lower than that of the married, divorced and widowed groups [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1·432, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·077–1·904,P< 0·05]. The patients who refused highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) had a much higher risk ofMucoplasmainfection (aOR 1·357, 95% CI 1·097–1·679,P< 0·05). Otherwise, a high CD4+T cell count was a protective factor againstMycoplasmainfection (aOR 0·576, 95% CI 0·460–0·719,P< 0·05). Further research will be required to confirm a causal relationship and to identify risk factors forMycoplasmainfection in HIV/AIDS populations.

scholarly journals Acute lower respiratory illness in under-five children in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil: prevalence and risk factors

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1429-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio O. M. Prietsch ◽  
Gilberto B. Fischer ◽  
Juraci A. César ◽  
Berenice S. Lempek ◽  
Luciano V. Barbosa Jr. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Acute Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Schooling ◽  
The City

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of acute lower respiratory illness and to identify associated factors among children less than five years of age in the city of Rio Grande, southern Brazil. Using a cross-sectional survey, a standardized household questionnaire was applied to mothers or guardians. Information was collected on household conditions, socioeconomic status, and parental smoking. Prenatal care attendance, nutritional status, breastfeeding pattern, and use of health services for the children were also investigated. Data analysis was based on prevalence ratios and logistic regression, using a conceptual framework. Among 771 children studied, 23.9% presented acute lower respiratory illness. The main risk factors were previous episodes of acute lower respiratory infection or wheezing, crowding, maternal schooling less than five years, monthly family income less than US$ 200, four or more people per room, asthma in family members, and maternal smoking. Mothers 30 years or older were identified as a protective factor. These results can help define specific measures to reduce morbidity and mortality due to acute lower respiratory illness in this setting.

Prevalence and risk factors for hepatotoxicity among patients with HIV/AIDS on highly active antiretroviral therapy in North-Western Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hamza ◽  
YakasaiAhmad Maifada ◽  
MuhammadSani Mijinyawa ◽  
BorodoMusa Muhammad ◽  
Babashani Musa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
North Western ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Social and Psychological Predictors of Initial Cigarette Smoking Experience

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walieh Menati ◽  
Milad Nazarzadeh ◽  
Zeinab Bidel ◽  
Morten Würtz ◽  
Rostam Menati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Psychological Risk ◽  
The City

Knowledge about social and psychological risk factors for initial cigarette smoking experience (ICSE) is sparse. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of ICSE and to examine the psychological and social factors related to ICSE. In a cross-sectional survey, 1,511 male college students were recruited using multistage sampling techniques from four universities located within the city of Ilam, Iran. Self-administered multiple-choice questionnaires were distributed to students from March to June 2013. Risk factors for ICSE were evaluated using logistic regression models. Participants were 22.3 ± 2.4 years of age. ICSE prevalence was 30.6%. In multivariable adjusted analysis, risk taking behavior (odds ratio [OR] = 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11-2.33), perceived peer smoking prevalence (OR = 2.48; 95% CI = 1.03-5.97), positive thoughts about smoking (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.02-1.10), high self-efficacy ( OR = 0.95, 95% CI [0.93, 0.98]), presence in smokers’ gathering (OR = 4.45; 95% CI = 2.88-6.81), comity of smokers (OR = 2.56; 95% CI = 1.66, 3.92), very hard access to cigarettes (OR = 2.20; 95% CI = 1.16-4.16), close friends’ medium reaction toward smoking (OR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.02-1.88), and sporting activity (OR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.56-0.98) were significantly associated with ICSE. This study identified that a combination of psychological and social variables account for up to 78% of the probability of ICSE. The most important protective factor against ICSE was physical activity, whereas the most important risk factor for ICSE was frequent gathering in the presence of smokers.

scholarly journals Prevalence and influencing risk factors of eczema among preschool children in Urumqi city: a cross-sectional survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haonan Shi ◽  
Guangsheng Wan ◽  
Tingting Wang ◽  
Jia Zhu ◽  
Lan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Eczema is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with impaired quality of life. We identified indoor environmental risk factors, to provide strong evidence for the prevention and control of eczema in preschool children. Methods Using a cross-sectional study with stratified random cluster sampling, we conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey among 8153 parents of children aged 2–8 years in 60 kindergartens in six districts of Urumqi city during August 2019. Results Among 8153 preschool children, 12.0% of the children have been diagnosed with eczema. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that caesarean section (odds ratio [OR] = 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.36), being an only child (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.18–1.57), presence of mould or moisture in the mother’s home before pregnancy (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.17–2.00), presence of flies or mosquitoes in the dwelling currently (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.10–1.55), pets kept in the child’s home currently (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.01–1.51), presence of pets during child’s first year (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.14–1.85), and family history of eczema (OR = 3.53, 95% CI: 2.98–4.19) are the risk factors for the development of eczema, whereas ethnicity other than the Han Chinese (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61–0.96) is a protective factor for eczema. Conclusion Preschool children in Urumqi are at a high risk of eczema, particularly those of the Han Chinese ethnicity. Parents should be attentive to the indoor living environment of children and take actions to reduce indoor humidity, pest control and elimination, and avoid raising pets to reduce the risk of development of eczema in children.

scholarly journals Lipodystrophy in HIV/AIDS patients with different levels of physical activity while on antiretroviral therapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Francielle Mota Segatto ◽  
Ismael Forte Freitas Junior ◽  
Vanessa Ribeiro dos Santos ◽  
Kelly Cristina Pinto Alves ◽  
Dulce Aparecida Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Hiv Aids

INTRODUCTION: Lipodystrophy is related to the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and can cause aesthetic stigma and increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Physical activity may be a valid alternative for the treatment and prevention of lipodystrophy. However, few studies address this issue. The objective of this study was to assess lipodystrophy related to highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV/AIDS patients with different physical activity habits. METHODS: The sample was composed of 42 HIV/AIDS patients taking HAART medication who were visiting the Counseling and Testing Center (CTC) in Presidente Prudente. The level of physical activity was obtained using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ); lipodystrophy was diagnosed using a self-report questionnaire that was administered to the patient and then followed up by medical confirmation. The percentage of trunk fat was estimated by dual X-Ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Information about sex, age, length of HAART treatment, CD4+ T lymphocyte count (CD4) and viral load was also collected. RESULTS: A higher prevalence of lipodystrophy was observed in the sedentary group when compared to the physically active group, which indicates that physical activity may be a protective factor in relation to the occurrence of lipodystrophy. The group that had a higher CD4 had a higher proportion of lipodystrophy and a higher proportion of younger and physically active individuals. The patients with lipodystrophy had a higher percentage of trunk fat and were more sedentary than active individuals. CONCLUSIONS: A physically active lifestyle has a protective effect against the occurrence of lipodystrophy related to HAART.

Leisure time physical activity prevents accumulation of central fat in HIV/AIDS subjects on highly active antiretroviral therapy

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 692-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Antonio Florindomph ◽  
Maria do Rosario Dias de Oliveira Latorre ◽  
Patrícia Constante Jaime ◽  
Aluísio Augusto Cotrim Segurado
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv Aids

The aim of this study was to verify the relationship between habitual physical activity and body fat in HIV/AIDS subjects on highly active antiretroviral therapy. This was a cross-sectional study covering 169 men and 51 women. It was conducted at the AIDS Clinic of the School of Medicine, University of São Paulo. The dependent variables analysed were central subcutaneous fat (CSF) and waist-to-hip-ratio (WHR). The independent variable was the score for leisure time physical activity (LTPA). The control variables were sex, age, education, energy intake, body mass index, smoking, diagnosis of AIDS, T-CD4+ lymphocyte levels and duration of use of protease inhibitors. Multiple linear regressions were used for statistical analysis. After controls, there was significant negative correlation for LTPA with CSF ( β=−2.849; Pvariable=0.013; r2adjusted=0.65; Pmodel<0.001), and LTPA was in the limit of the significance with WHR ( β=−0.005; Pvariable=0.073; r2adjusted=0.41; Pmodel<0.001). Physical activity contributed towards preventing fat accumulation in HIV/AIDS subjects.

scholarly journals The Interaction Effects of BMI and Dyslipidemia for Hypertension in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Tang ◽  
Jian Ma ◽  
Rongqin Tao ◽  
Zhijun Chen ◽  
Yide Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background:Body mass index(BMI) is a commonly used international standard to measure body fat or thinness and health,and dyslipidemia is the metabolic abnormalities of lipoprotein in the human body,which are often considered have associated with high blood pressure.In this study,we explored the relationship between BMI or dyslipidemia and the risk of hypertension and further verified the possible interacting influences of BMI with dyslipidemia on the risk of hypertension.The aim is to explore the possible risk factors of hypertension and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of hypertension.Methods:Eligible subjects were selected from a cross-sectional survey in Changsha City, and we collected relevant data and clinical indicators for each participant.Body mass index(BMI) was calculated as weight (kg)/height2 (m2),and divided into four categories according to the Chinese standard.Dyslipidemia is defined according to Chinese guideline.The following indicators were used to assess the interaction effects:(1)Relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI);(2)Attributable proportion due to interaction(AP);(3)Synergy index (SI). SPSS software was used for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 2740 eligible participants were enrolled in the cross-sectional study, of which 765 subjects (27.9%) were diagnosed with hypertension.Multivariate Logistic model showed that overweight or obese subjects had a significantly higher risk of hypertension than normal weight people, and low body weight was a protective factor for hypertension(OR:0.52,95%CI:0.29-0.93).People with dyslipidemia have a higher risk of hypertension than those with normal lipids(OR:3.05,95%CI:2.36-3.90). In addition,there was a significant interaction between overweight or obesity and dyslipidemia(overweight:RERI(1.91,95%CI 0.17-3.66),AP(0.40,95%CI 0.14-0.66),SI (2.03,95%CI 1.11-3.74) and obesity:RERI (2.20,95%CI 1.01-3.40), AP (0.38,95%CI 0.18-0.58),SI (1.84,95%CI 1.18-2.89), while no interaction was found between low body weight and dyslipidemia.Conclusion:Low body weight is an independent protective factor for hypertension, but overweight,obesity and dyslipidemia are risk factors for hypertension,and dyslipidemia significantly shared interactions with overweight and obesity that influenced the risk of hypertension.

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