A comparison of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus WHO-defined severe pneumonia in Moroccan children

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. JROUNDI ◽  
C. MAHRAOUI ◽  
R. BENMESSAOUD ◽  
C. MORALEDA ◽  
H. TLIGUI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Human Metapneumovirus ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Moroccan Children ◽  
Syncytial Virus

SUMMARYAcute respiratory infections remain the principal cause of morbidity and mortality in Moroccan children. Besides bacterial infections, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) are prominent among other viruses due to their high prevalence and association with severe clinical episodes. We aimed to describe and compare RSV- and hMPV-associated cases of WHO-defined severe pneumonia in a paediatric population admitted to Morocco's reference hospital. Children aged 2–59 months admitted to the Hôpital d'Enfants de Rabat, Morocco meeting WHO-defined severe pneumonia criteria were recruited during 14 months and thoroughly investigated to ascertain a definitive diagnosis. Viral prevalence of RSV, hMPV and other viruses causing respiratory symptoms was investigated in nasopharyngeal aspirate samples through the use of molecular methods. Of the 683 children recruited and included in the final analysis, 61/683 (8·9%) and 124/683 (18·2%) were infected with hMPV and RSV, respectively. Besides a borderline significant tendency for higher age in hMPV cases, patients infected with either of the viruses behaved similarly in terms of demographics, patient history, past morbidity and comorbidity, vaccination history, socioeconomic background and family environment. Clinical presentation on arrival was also similar for both viruses, but hMPV cases were associated with more severity than RSV cases, had a higher risk of intensive care need, and received antibiotic treatment more frequently. RSV and hMPV are common and potentially life-threatening causes of WHO-defined pneumonia in Moroccan children. Both viruses show indistinctive clinical symptomatology, but in Moroccan children, hMPV was associated with a more severe evolution.

RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS AND HUMAN METAPNEUMOVIRUS IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN YEMEN

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 734-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najla Al-Sonboli ◽  
Charles Anthony Hart ◽  
Ahmed Al-Aeryani ◽  
Salem M. Banajeh ◽  
Nasher Al-Aghbari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Human Metapneumovirus ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Syncytial Virus

scholarly journals Activity and Regulation of Alpha Interferon in Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Metapneumovirus Experimental Infections

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (16) ◽  
pp. 10190-10199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonieta Guerrero-Plata ◽  
Samuel Baron ◽  
Joyce S. Poast ◽  
Patrick A. Adegboyega ◽  
Antonella Casola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Human Metapneumovirus ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Potent Inducer ◽  
Cpg Oligodeoxynucleotides ◽  
Syncytial Virus

ABSTRACT Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) cause a similar spectrum of respiratory infections in humans. Classified within the Paramyxoviridae family, Pneumovirinae subfamily, RSV and hMPV present a significant degree of divergence in genome constellation, organization, and protein sequences. RSV has been reported to be a poor inducer of alpha/beta interferons (IFN-α/β) and partially resistant to its antiviral activity. The nature of the innate immune response to hMPV is currently unknown. Herein, an experimental mouse model was used to investigate the interplay between RSV and hMPV infections and IFN-α in the airways. RSV-infected BALB/c mice treated intranasally with either poly-ICLC, a potent inducer of IFN-α, or directly with recombinant IFN-α showed significantly reduced lung viral titers, inflammation, and clinical disease than untreated controls. However, RSV was significantly less sensitive to the antiviral activity of IFN-α than hMPV. Similarly, when the ability to directly induce IFN-α production was assessed, RSV was clearly a weaker inducer of IFN-α than hMPV, as shown by both kinetics and the absolute amount of IFN-α secreted into the bronchoalveolar lavage. To further investigate the putative inhibitory effect of these viruses on IFN-α production, mice were infected for 48 h prior to treatment with poly-ICLC or a specific Toll-like receptor 9 ligand, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. Strikingly, both poly-ICLC- and CpG-mediated IFN-α production was abrogated by either RSV or MPV infection. These results suggest that a complex interplay between virus-specific and host-mediated responses regulates IFN-α in the lung during infection by members of the Pneumovirinae family.

scholarly journals Acute Respiratory Infections Epidemiology and Etiology in Hospitalized Moroccan Children under 15 Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nassima Ighid ◽  
Soumaya El Akil ◽  
Mohamed Aghrouch ◽  
Nadia Hassaini ◽  
El Hassan Izaabel
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
Great Insight ◽  
Moroccan Children ◽  
Genetic Detection ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Introduction: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are serious infections with multiple etiologies. Viral etiology is mostly common worldwide, especially in pediatric patients.Materials and methods: This study aims to describe epidemiology and etiology of ARIs in Moroccan children under 15 years old, through patients’ clinical features analysis and genetic detection of pathogens within 84 patients admitted to Hassan II regional hospital of Agadir, Morocco, from September 2015 to September 2016. Detection of pathogens was carried out using Multiplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) with Fast Track Diagnostic kit respiratory pathogens 21 plus.Results: Results gave 61.9% of positive viral and bacterial infections and 19.23% of co-infections by at least two pathogens. Males were mainly infected and the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was the most common in 53.8% of patients. Children aged less than 2 years were the most infected by ARIs pathogens, and especially by RSV virus. Concerning seasonality pattern, all ARIs pathogens showed a seasonal spreading mainly in winter.Conclusion: This study summarizes a great insight about epidemiology and etiology of ARIs among children under 15 years in Morocco. We observed that ARIs constituted a real health problem in infancy and the viruses are the commonest cause.

scholarly journals Global hospital admissions and in-hospital mortality associated with all-cause and virus-specific acute lower respiratory infections in children and adolescents aged 5–19 years between 1995 and 2019: a systematic review and modelling study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. e006014
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
You Li ◽  
Xin Mei ◽  
Erin Bushe ◽  
Harry Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Human Metapneumovirus ◽  
Parainfluenza Virus ◽  
Acute Lower Respiratory Infections ◽  
Hospital Deaths ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Human Parainfluenza Virus

IntroductionThe burden of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI), and common viral ALRI aetiologies among 5–19 years are less well understood. We conducted a systematic review to estimate global burden of all-cause and virus-specific ALRI in 5–19 years.MethodsWe searched eight databases and Google for studies published between 1995 and 2019 and reporting data on burden of all-cause ALRI or ALRI associated with influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus and human parainfluenza virus. We assessed risk of bias using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We developed an analytical framework to report burden by age, country and region when there were sufficient data (all-cause and influenza-associated ALRI hospital admissions). We estimated all-cause ALRI in-hospital deaths and hospital admissions for ALRI associated with respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus and human parainfluenza virus by region.ResultsGlobally, an estimated 5.5 million (UR 4.0–7.8) all-cause ALRI hospital admissions occurred annually between 1995 and 2019 in 5–19 year olds, causing 87 900 (UR 40 300–180 600) in-hospital deaths annually. Influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus were associated with 1 078 600 (UR 4 56 500–2 650 200) and 231 800 (UR 142 700–3 73 200) ALRI hospital admissions in 5–19 years. Human metapneumovirus and human parainfluenza virus were associated with 105 500 (UR 57 200–181 700) and 124 800 (UR 67 300–228 500) ALRI hospital admissions in 5–14 years. About 55% of all-cause ALRI hospital admissions and 63% of influenza-associated ALRI hospital admissions occurred in those 5–9 years globally. All-cause and influenza-associated ALRI hospital admission rates were highest in upper-middle income countries, Asia-Pacific region and the Latin America and Caribbean region.ConclusionIncidence and mortality data for all-cause and virus-specific ALRI in 5–19 year olds are scarce. The lack of data in low-income countries and Eastern Europe and Central Asia, South Asia, and West and Central Africa warrants efforts to improve the development and access to healthcare services, diagnostic capacity, and data reporting.

scholarly journals Respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, and influenza virus infection in Bangkok, 2016-2017

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilada Thongpan ◽  
Nungruthai Suntronwong ◽  
Preeyaporn Vichaiwattana ◽  
Nasamon Wanlapakorn ◽  
Sompong Vongpunsawad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Human Metapneumovirus ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Large Hospital ◽  
Influenza Like Illness ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Children and adults residing in densely populated urban centers around the world are at risk of seasonal influenza-like illness caused by respiratory viruses such as influenza virus, human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). In a large metropolitan of Thailand’s capital city Bangkok, most respiratory infections are rarely confirmed by molecular diagnostics. We therefore examined the frequency of RSV, hMPV, and influenza virus in 8,842 patients who presented influenza-like illness and sought medical care at a large hospital in Bangkok between 2016 and 2017. Using a multiplex real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), 30.5% (2,699/8,842) of nasopharyngeal (NP) swab samples tested positive for one or more of these viruses. Influenza virus comprised 17.3% (1,528/8,842), of which the majority were influenza A/H3N2. Such infection was most prevalent among adults and the elderly. RSV was identified in 11.4% (1,011/8,842) and were mostly ON1 and BA9 genotypes. Of the hMPV-positive samples (3.6%, 318/8,842), genotypes A2, B1, and B2 were detected. A small number of individuals experienced co-infections (1.8%, 155/8,842), most commonly between RSV and influenza A/H3N2. RSV and hMPV co-infections were also found, but mainly in young children. Viral respiratory tract infection peaked locally in the rainy season (June to September). These findings support the utility of rapid nucleic acid testing of RSV, hMPV, and influenza virus in patients with ILI.

scholarly journals Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Associated Severe Pneumonia in Hospitalized Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Madhusha Gonapaladeniya ◽  
Thushari Dissanayake ◽  
Guwani Liyanage
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of severe respiratory infections. We examined the burden of RSV-associated severe community-acquired pneumonia among hospitalized children and factors that predict RSV etiology. A hospital-based prospective study examined children below five years of age admitted with radiologically confirmed severe or very severe pneumonia in two tertiary care centers in Sri Lanka. Nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS) were tested for 19 viruses by multiplex RT-PCR. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to determine whether RSV etiology could be predicted based on clinical, sociodemographic, environmental, radiological, and laboratory parameters. A total of 108 children with severe or very severe were included in the study. At least one virus was found in NPS in 92.5% of children. Forty-six children had RSV (+) pneumonia. Mean RSV proportion was 42.6% (95% CI: 33.1-52.5%, p value = 0.149). RSV as a single virus was found in 41.3% (19/46). The children with RSV (+) pneumonia were younger ( p = 0.026 ) and had lower C-reactive protein ( p = 0.003 ) and household crowding ( p = 0.012 ) than the RSV (-) group, after controlling for confounding covariates. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that respiratory syncytial virus was the commonest virus associated with CAP in children under five years. Younger age, crowded housing, and lower C-reactive protein levels were predictors of severe RSV-associated pneumonia.

scholarly journals 1718. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Surveillance in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), 2010-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S843-S843
Author(s):  
Cynthia Lucero-Obusan ◽  
Patricia Schirmer ◽  
Gina Oda ◽  
Mark Holodniy
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Veterans Affairs ◽  
Department Of Veterans Affairs ◽  
Management And Development ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
National Trends

Abstract Background Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is an increasingly recognized cause of acute respiratory illness in older adults, leading to an estimated 177,000 hospitalizations and 14,000 deaths each year in the US. In adult populations, diagnostic testing for RSV has historically been underutilized. Herein, we examine national trends in RSV testing and infection across the Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system. Methods Electronic RSV laboratory testing results, ICD-coded hospitalizations and outpatient encounters were obtained from VA’s Praedico Surveillance System (1/1/2010-12/31/2018). Patients were reviewed for positive results, repeat testing, and demographics. Antibody tests were excluded. Results A total of 102,251 RSV results were included. Overall, 4,372 (4.3%) specimens from 4,263 unique individuals were positive with a median age of 67 years (range 0-101) and 90% were male. 1,511 individuals (35.4%) also had an RSV-coded hospitalization. RSV type was specified for only 7.8% of positives (Table). During 2010-2018 there were 2,522 RSV-coded hospitalizations (median length of stay = 4 days) among 2,444 unique individuals, which included 413 ICU stays (16.4%) and 98 deaths (3.9%) during the RSV-coded hospitalization. Approximately 78% of RSV-coded hospitalizations within VA (excluding all non-VA hospitalizations) had a documented positive test result. A greater than 15-fold increase in RSV tests performed, hospitalizations and outpatient encounters was observed from 2010-2018, although the percent testing positive remained relatively stable (Figure, Table). Figure. Testing for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Department of Veterans Affairs, 2010-2018. Table. Select RSV Surveillance Metrics, Department of Veterans Affairs, 2010-2018 Conclusion RSV testing and identification of patients with RSV infection increased dramatically during the time period analyzed, likely due to increased availability of PCR-based multi-pathogen panels and duplex assays. While the percentage of tests positive for RSV remained relatively stable, the rise in coded hospitalizations may be due to increased testing for RSV among hospitalized Veterans with severe respiratory infections. These surveillance data may allow for further characterization of RSV disease burden estimates which can help inform clinical management and development of interventions for adults, such as vaccines and antiviral therapies. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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