scholarly journals HIV transmission between spouses living in Lu'an city, Anhui province, China: a longitudinal study

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gongyan Ma ◽  
Haiyan Chen ◽  
Jin Chen ◽  
Zhenghao Jiang ◽  
Tai Ma
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Serodiscordant Couples ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
First Case ◽  
Hiv Aids

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission rate in HIV serodiscordant couples, in addition to the relevant influencing factors. From January 1999 to August 2016, patients with HIV/AIDS (index cases) along with their fixed partners were registered and monitored to determine the rate of HIV transmission between couples, as well as relevant influencing factors. A total of 231 HIV-positive couples were investigated, of these, 45-negative (19.48%) partners were infected with HIV via sexual transmission prior to diagnosis of the first case detected in couples. After diagnosis, the transmission rate between spouses was 0.39 per 100 person-years (2/507.7), and the cumulative transmission rate was 1.08% (2/186), which was significantly lower than the transmission rate before diagnosis (χ2 = 35.714, P < 0.001). Among the 119 HIV/AIDS patients who received antiretroviral therapy (ART), the transmission rate was 0 (0/119), whereas the transmission rate was 2.99% (2/67) in HIV/AIDS patients who did not receive ART. In addition, HIV transmission rate in serodiscordant couples was high prior to diagnosis of the index case. However, following diagnosis, the transmission rate was reduced, and the risk of transmission in the index case with antiviral treatment was null. Therefore, a prompt intervention in HIV discordant couples with ART of index case is vital to reduce the risk of HIV transmission.

Epidemiology of HIV in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-236
Author(s):  
Zeinab Najafi ◽  
Leila Taj ◽  
Omid Dadras ◽  
Fatemeh Ghadimi ◽  
Banafsheh Moradmand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Key Populations ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
First Case ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hiv Aids

: Iran has been one of the active countries fighting against HIV/AIDS in the Middle East during the last decades. Moreover, there is a strong push to strengthen the national health management system concerning HIV prevention and control. In Iran, HIV disease has its unique features, from changes in modes of transmission to improvement in treatment and care programs, which can make it a good case for closer scrutiny. The present review describes the HIV epidemic in Iran from the first case diagnosed until prevention among different groups at risk and co-infections. Not only we addressed the key populations and community-based attempts to overcome HIV-related issues in clinics, but we also elaborated on the efforts and trends in society and the actual behaviors related to HIV/AIDS. Being located in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, given the countryspecific characteristics, and despite all the national efforts along with other countries in this region, Iran still needs to take extra measures to reduce HIV transmission, especially in health education. Although Iran is one of the pioneers in implementing applicable and appropriate policies in the MENA region, including harm reduction services to reduce HIV incidence, people with substance use disorder continue to be the majority of those living with HIV in the country. Similar to other countries in this region, the HIV prevention and control programs aim at 90-90-90 targets to eliminate HIV infection and reduce the transmission, especially the mother-to-child transmission and among other key populations.

scholarly journals Strategies to prevent HIV transmission to serodiscordant couples

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 169-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Campos Hallal ◽  
Juan Carlos Raxach ◽  
Nêmora Tregnago Barcellos ◽  
Ivia Maksud
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Prevention Policy ◽  
Serodiscordant Couples ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Single Strategy ◽  
Sexual Transmission Of Hiv ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

ABSTRACTIntroduction:The use antiretroviral reduces the sexual transmission of HIV, expanding interventions for serodiscordant couples.Objective:This article aims to review the use of antiretroviral and other prevention interventions among serodiscordant couples and to analyze its use in Brazil.Methods:A retrospective review was performed through the MEDLINE database and bases included in the Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde.Results:The articles recovered exhibit four main strategies: (1) condom; (2) reduction of risks in sexual practices; (3) use of antiretrovirals, particularly early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (TASP) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP); (4) risk reduction in reproduction.Discussion:TASP is highly effective in reducing sexual transmission, PrEP was tested in serodiscordant couples and both reduce the sexual transmission risk in different sexual practices, enabling individualized prevention strategies.Conclusions:When used in combination, antiretrovirals and sexual practices with condoms offer greater efficacy than any single strategy. The combined use of new and old strategies allows us to build a prevention policy for all.

scholarly journals Why are Testing Rates so Low in Sub-Saharan Africa? Misconceptions and Strategic Behaviors

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Sterck
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Dhs Surveys ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Voluntary testing and counseling (VTC) is a popular method for fighting the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The purpose of VTC is to reduce the incidence of the virus in a two-fold manner. First, testing provides access to health care and antiretroviral therapies that diminish the transmission rate of the virus. Second, counseling encourages safer behavior for not only individuals who test HIV-negative and wish to avoid HIV/AIDS infection but also altruistic individuals who test HIV-positive and wish to protect their partners from becoming infected by HIV. Surprisingly, DHS surveys that were conducted in sub-Saharan Africa provide empirical evidence that testing services are underutilized. Moreover, it is rare for both partners in a couple to be tested for HIV. This paper proposes a theoretical model that indicates how misperceptions about the HIV/AIDS virus may explain these puzzles. More specifically, this study demonstrates that individuals who are at risk of HIV infection may act strategically to avoid the cost of testing if they overestimate the risk of HIV transmission or believe that health care is not required if HIV is asymptomatic. The correction of false beliefs and the promotion of self-testing are expected to increase HIV testing rates.

scholarly journals Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in HIV/AIDS patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the central-southern region of the state of Paraná – Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1903-1914
Author(s):  
Erildo Vicente Muller ◽  
Suely Godoy Agostinho Gimeno
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Regimen ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Clinical Variables ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract The aim of this study was to describe metabolic changes in HIV/AIDS patients according to the treatment regimen. It was a retrospective cohort conducted from 2002 to 2014. Researchers surveyed clinical variables and treatment regimen of 538 individuals. They used measures of central tendency and marginal logistic regression to determine the influence of the treatment regimen on clinical variables over time; survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier curves. 56.2% of patients were male, 82.2% white, 33.8% had 4 to 7 years of study, 49.2% were married, 98.5% had sexual transmission, and 89.0% were heterosexuals. During the study period, 24.4% had hypertension, 18.2% changed cholesterol, 39.7% low HDL, 51.3% high triglycerides and 33.3% hyperglycemia. Treatment regimens with nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors associated with protease inhibitors, and the association of different classes of antiretrovirals have been associated with greater lipid changes. Higher metabolic changes were observed in patients with longer treatment time. It is concluded that preventive measures, as well as early treatment, can contribute to minimize the risks of developing cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals A descriptive study of associated factors with HIV/AIDS among antiretroviral users of Eastern Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
VK Khanal ◽  
RB Rayamajhi ◽  
B Neupane ◽  
SU Kafle ◽  
B Thapa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Aids

INTRODUCTION: In Nepal, the firstcase of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) was reported in 1988, since then the epidemic is driven by sexual transmission and intravenous drug use. The aim of this research is to study various associated factors with HIV/AIDS patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out from May 2009 – April 2010 at three Anti-retroviral treatment centers (B.P.K.I.H.S, Dharan, Koshi Zonal Hospital, Biratnagar and Mechi Zonal Hospital, Bhadrapur). A purposive sampling technique was applied to include all 234 seropositive patients who were under medication from these centers. RESULTS: Males represented 71% of the patients. More than 75%of the patients fell in the age group of 20-39 years. 35.9% of them had visited commercial sexual workers and similar proportion of them had shared needles during intravenous drug use. CONCLUSIONS: Unsafe high risk behavior with commercial sexual worker and needle sharing habit were found to be the associated with HIV/AIDS patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i3.8667 Int J Infect Microbiol 2013;2(3):95-98

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Trend of HIV/AIDs in Yazd, a province in the center of Iran, 2011-2017

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hassan Lotfi ◽  
Mohammad Khajeh ◽  
Marjan Pedarzadeh ◽  
Majid Jafarzadeh ◽  
AliReza Pourmazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Unsafe Sex ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Case ◽  
Keywords Hiv ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction: The first case of HIV-infection in Iran was a hemophilic child who was infected by imported blood products in 1989. Since then, the HIV epidemic in Iran has undergone significant changes. This study investigated the time variations of the epidemiology of reported HIV/AIDS -infections during 2011-2017 in Yazd, Iran. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out using the data recorded in health centers of Yazd province from 2011 to 2017. The data were collected from the records of 98 patients using a researcher-made checklist. The rate of newly reported HIV/AIDS by gender per 100,000 people was calculated. Results: Out of 98 reported HIV/AIDS cases, 56.1% were men, and 43.9% were women; 55.1% of cases were infected through sexual contact, 30.6% through the infected needle while injecting for drug use, 1.6% through mother-to-fetus transmission, 1.3% through tattooing, and 5.1% through the unspecified mechanism. During these years the rate of newly reported HIV/AIDS in Yazd was declining, and the predominant mode of HIV transmission was through sexual contact. Conclusion: Although the rate of newly reported HIV/AIDS -infection in Yazd province has decreased, we believe that the primary mode of HIV transmission has shifted from drug injection to unsafe sex.   Keywords: HIV, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Epidemiology, Iran, Yazd

scholarly journals Knowledge and attitude among students towards HIV/AIDS patients at a dental college, Suraram, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 2646
Author(s):  
Vibha Rani ◽  
Suguna Dumpala ◽  
R. Shyamala
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Training ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Needle Stick Injury ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Clinical training is a part of curriculum for the dental students. They are trained in dental procedures, where there is a chance of exposure to HIV infection. Hence this study was conducted with an objective to assess their knowledge, attitude to treat these patients.Methods: An institutional based study was carried out among 145 dental students at Malla Reddy Dental College for Women. A questionnaire with 29 questions on knowledge, attitude and willing to treat the HIV/AIDS patients which was already used in other study was adapted. Primary outcome- knowledge and attitude was measured in percentages, proportions using SPSS version 20 and Chi-square.Results: Total subjects who had good knowledge were 71 (48.9%) and 137(94.5%) viewed needle stick injury can transmit HIV virus. 138 (98.1%) agreed that it is their moral responsibility to treat HIV/AIDS patients and risk of HIV transmission is high, hence special precautions have to be followed to treat them. Positive attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients was reported among 129(89%) of students. Chi square test showed an association between knowledge and attitude among study subjects which was statistically significant at p <0.05 level.Conclusions: Active student’s collaboration for treatment compliance of HIV/AIDS patients should be directed towards comprehensive training in the dental colleges which forms a basis for provision of appropriate, optimal dental care improving oral health related quality of life in people living with HIV.

HIV/AIDS surveillance and prevention: improving the characterization of HIV transmission

2003 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A Schmidt ◽  
Eve D Mokotoff
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hiv Aids

Developing and establishing an advanced nursing practice for HIV abd AIDS patients.

Pflege ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Spirig ◽  
Dunja Nicca ◽  
V. Werder ◽  
J. Voggensperger ◽  
Miriam Unger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Advanced Nursing Practice ◽  
Hiv Aids

Die Entwicklung und Etablierung einer erweiterten und vertieften Pflegepraxis («Advanced Nursing Practice») ist ein wichtiger Schritt in Richtung einer zukunftsorientierten Pflege. An der HIV-Sprechstunde der Medizinischen Universitätspoliklinik des Kantonsspitals Basel, wo akut- und chronischkranke PatientInnen mit HIV/Aids medizinisch und pflegerisch behandelt werden, wurde deshalb ein Aktionsforschungsprojekt in Gang gesetzt mit dem Ziel, PatientInnen kompetentere Dienstleistungen anzubieten. Partizipative Aktionsforschung ist ein Prozess, mit dem gleichzeitig Wissen über ein System generiert und dieses System verändert wird. Im Mittelpunkt des Prozesses steht die kontinuierliche Analyse, Verbesserung und Evaluation der Pflege zugunsten von Patienten und Angehörigen. Eine erweiterte und vertiefte HIV/Aids-Pflegepraxis erfordert solides Grundlagenwissen über die Krankheit und über die aktuelle Behandlung. Patientenpräferenzen, Caring, Erfahrungswissen und Evidenz sind wesentliche konzeptuelle Grundpfeiler. Neben der Aneignung von neuen Kenntnissen spezialisierten sich die Pflegenden in einem von ihnen gewählten Gebiet der HIV/Aids-Pflege, z.B. im Umgang mit Medikamenten und der Bedeutung der Therapietreue, Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention oder im Umgang mit Symptomen, um Beratungen und Schulungen für PatientInnen und Angehörige anzubieten. Mit einer erweiterten und vertieften Pflegepraxis werden Pflegende befähigt, den sich abzeichnenden Veränderungen im Gesundheitswesen zukünftig proaktiv begegnen zu können.

Influence of Gender on Sources of Stress In HIV/AIDS Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 426-428
Author(s):  
T. Jayanthi T. Jayanthi ◽  
◽  
Dr. V. Srikanth Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Aids Patients ◽  
Hiv Aids
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