scholarly journals Epidemiology and Trend of HIV/AIDs in Yazd, a province in the center of Iran, 2011-2017

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hassan Lotfi ◽  
Mohammad Khajeh ◽  
Marjan Pedarzadeh ◽  
Majid Jafarzadeh ◽  
AliReza Pourmazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Unsafe Sex ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Case ◽  
Keywords Hiv ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction: The first case of HIV-infection in Iran was a hemophilic child who was infected by imported blood products in 1989. Since then, the HIV epidemic in Iran has undergone significant changes. This study investigated the time variations of the epidemiology of reported HIV/AIDS -infections during 2011-2017 in Yazd, Iran. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out using the data recorded in health centers of Yazd province from 2011 to 2017. The data were collected from the records of 98 patients using a researcher-made checklist. The rate of newly reported HIV/AIDS by gender per 100,000 people was calculated. Results: Out of 98 reported HIV/AIDS cases, 56.1% were men, and 43.9% were women; 55.1% of cases were infected through sexual contact, 30.6% through the infected needle while injecting for drug use, 1.6% through mother-to-fetus transmission, 1.3% through tattooing, and 5.1% through the unspecified mechanism. During these years the rate of newly reported HIV/AIDS in Yazd was declining, and the predominant mode of HIV transmission was through sexual contact. Conclusion: Although the rate of newly reported HIV/AIDS -infection in Yazd province has decreased, we believe that the primary mode of HIV transmission has shifted from drug injection to unsafe sex.   Keywords: HIV, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Epidemiology, Iran, Yazd

Clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with hiv/aids hospitalized at the hospital for reference in the state of Bahia, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1475
Author(s):  
Marco Aurélio Soares Amorim ◽  
Denismar Borges Miranda ◽  
Renata Campos Simões Cabral ◽  
Ana Verônica Mascarenhas Batista
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The State ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Terapia Antirretroviral ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

ABSTRACTObjective: to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with HIV/AIDS hospitalized at the Hospital for Reference in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Method: a descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study. The sample comprised of patients admitted to the hospital for the treatment of HIV/AIDS in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, from January to December 2008; the data was obtained from medical records upon approval by the Committee for Ethics in Research of Hospital Couto Maia (protocol 15/2009). Results: for the 194 patients studied, the average age was 37.8 years, ± 10.7 years. The predominant age group was 21 to 50 years old, which represented 87.5% of the all patients. Prior to hospitalization, about 150 patients were already diagnosed with HIV/AIDS and 54 were in regular use of antiretroviral therapy. Diarrhea, toxoplasmosis and esophageal candidiasis were the most common opportunistic diseases encountered. The average CD4 was 82 cells/mm3, ranging from 7 to 1,099. Of the 194 patients studied, 65 (33.5%) died and the highest mortality rates were attributed to Kaposi's sarcoma (75.0%) and toxoplasmosis (42.2%). Conclusions: the clinical and epidemiological profile of the patients with HIV/AIDS analyzed consists of young heterosexuals adult males, who were diagnosed previously to their hospitalization and whose main reason for hospitalization was related to opportunistic diseases. Descriptors: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; health profile; aids-related opportunistic infections.RESUMOObjetivo: descrever o perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos pacientes internados com HIV/AIDS no Hospital de Referência do Estado da Bahia. Método: estudo descritivo retrospectivo, de corte transversal. A amostra foi composta pelos pacientes internados no hospital de referência no tratamento de HIV/AIDS da cidade de Salvador-Ba, entre janeiro a dezembro de 2008; os dados foram obtidos de prontuários médicos após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Hospital Couto Maia com protocolo 15/2009. Resultados: dos 194 pacientes, observou-se média de idade de 37,8 anos ± 10,7 anos. Predominou faixa etária entre 21 e 50 anos somando 87,5% dos pacientes. Cerca de 150 pacientes tinham diagnóstico prévio à internação e 54 estavam em uso regular de TARV na admissão. Diarréia, neurotoxoplasmose e candidíase esofágica foram as doenças oportunistas mais freqüentes. A mediana de CD4 foi de 82 variando de 7-1.099 células/mm3. Observou-se que, 65 (33,5%) foram a óbito e as maiores taxas de letalidade foram atribuídas ao Sarcoma de Kaposi (75,0%) e neurotoxoplasmose (42,2%). Conclusão: o perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos pacientes com HIV/AIDS internados em estudo é composto por adultos jovens, do gênero masculino, heterossexuais que possuíam diagnóstico prévio a internação, cujo principal motivo de internação esteve relacionado à doença oportunista. Descritores: síndrome de imunodeficiência adquirida; perfil de saúde; infecções oportunistas relacionadas com a aids.RESUMENObjetivo: describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes con VIH/SIDA en el hospital de referencia del estado de Bahía, Brasil. Método: estudio retrospectivo observacional descriptivo de corte transversal. La muestra se compone de los pacientes ingresados en el hospital para el tratamiento del VIH/SIDA, en Salvador, Bahía, Brasil, entre enero y diciembre de 2008; los datos se obtuvieron a partir de los registros médicos seguidamente a la aprobación por el Comité de Ética en Investigación del Hospital Couto Maia (protocolo 15/2009). Resultados: de los 194 pacientes estudiados la edad promedio fue de 37,8 años ± 10,7 años. El grupo de edad predominante fue de 21 a 50 años, lo que representa 87,5% del total de pacientes. Alrededor de 150 pacientes fueron diagnosticados antes de la admisión y 54 hacían uso regular de la terapia antirretroviral cuando del ingreso. Se observó que la diarrea, toxoplasmosis y candidiasis esofágica fueron las enfermedades oportunistas más frecuentes. El promedio de CD4 fue de 82 células/mm3, entre 7 y 1.099. De los 194 pacientes estudiados, 65 (33,5%) fallecieron y las tasas de mortalidad más altas se atribuyen al sarcoma de Kaposi (75,0%) y toxoplasmosis (42,2%). Conclusiones: el perfil clínico y epidemiológico de los pacientes con VIH/SIDA analizados se compone de jóvenes adultos, hombres, heterosexuales, que habían sido diagnosticados previamente a la hospitalización y cuyo principal motivo para el ingreso en el hospital estaba relacionado con enfermedades oportunistas. Descriptores: síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida; perfil de salud; infecciones oportunistas relacionadas con la sida.

scholarly journals Conhecimento científico sobre HIV/AIDS entre estudantes universitários

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (34) ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Larissa Barbosa Gomes ◽  
Silvia Ximenes Oliveira ◽  
Rosa Martha Ventura Nunes ◽  
Moisés Barbosa Oliveira ◽  
Olivia Maria Feitosa Henrique
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
The University ◽  
Estudiantes Universitarios ◽  
Hiv Aids

O estudo objetivou descrever o conhecimento científico sobre HIV/AIDS entre estudantes universitários. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, com amostragem estratificada proporcional, totalizando 260 questionários autoaplicados. Foi utilizado um questionário elaborado e adaptado para este estudo, o qual busca verificar o conhecimento de jovens universitários sobre a HIV/AIDS com relação as medidas de transmissão e os modos de proteção. Os participantes apresentaram o seguinte perfil: a maioria são mulheres, jovens e solteiros. Os resultados demonstram que os participantes, universitários, possuem um bom conhecimento sobre HIV/AIDS, independentemente do periodo cursado. Os estudantes apresentam conhecimento sobre HIV/AIDS, as formas de transmissão, mas no que diz respeito aos comportamentos relacionados à saúde sexual, a maioria não faz uso de preservativo. Conclui-se que, embora a comunidade universitária tenha conhecimento sobre HIV/AIDS, os comportamentos e atitudes não são consonantes com os mesmos, evidenciando vulnerabilidade.Descritores: Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (AIDS), Prevenção de Doenças, Estudantes. Scientific knowledge about HIV/AIDS among university studentsAbstract: The study aimed to describe the scientific knowledge about HIV/AIDS among university students. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, with proportional stratified sampling, totaling 260 self-administered questionnaires. A questionnaire designed and adapted for this study was used, which seeks to verify the knowledge of young university students about AIDS/HIV in relation to knowledge, measures of transmission and methods of protection. The participants presented the following profile: the majority are women, young and single. The results demonstrated that the participants, university students, have a good knowledge about HIV/AIDS, regardless of the period studied. Students have knowledge about HIV/AIDS, the forms of transmission, but with regard to behaviors related to sexual health, most do not use condoms. It is concluded that, although the university community has knowledge about HIV/AIDS, the behaviors and attitudes are not consonant with them, showing vulnerability.Descriptors: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Prevention of Diseases, Students. Conocimiento científico sobre VIH/SIDA en estudiantes universitariosResumen: El estudio tuvo como objetivo describir el conocimiento científico sobre el VIH/SIDA entre los estudiantes universitarios. Este es un estudio descriptivo, transversal, con un enfoque cuantitativo, con muestreo estratificado proporcional, totalizando 260 cuestionarios autoadministrados. Se utilizó un cuestionario diseñado y adaptado para este estudio, que busca verificar el conocimiento de jóvenes universitarios sobre el SIDA/VIH en relación con el conocimiento, las medidas de transmisión y los modos de protección. Los participantes presentaron el siguiente perfil: la mayoría son mujeres, jóvenes y solteras. Los resultados demuestran que los participantes, estudiantes universitarios, tienen un buen conocimiento sobre el VIH/SIDA, independientemente del período estudiado. Los estudiantes tienen conocimiento sobre el VIH/SIDA, las formas de transmisión, pero con respecto a los comportamientos relacionados con la salud sexual, la mayoría no usa condones. Se concluye que, aunque la comunidad universitaria tiene conocimiento sobre el VIH/SIDA, los comportamientos y actitudes no están en consonancia con ellos, lo que muestra vulnerabilidad.Descriptores: Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida (SIDA), Prevención de Enfermedades, Estudiantes.

Pengetahuan dan Sikap Wanita Pekerja Seks (WPS) dalam Upaya Penanggulangan HIV/AIDS dengan Persuasi Penggunaan Kondom di Eks Lokalisasi Gempol Porong Kabupaten Banyuwangi Tahun 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Machria Rachman
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)  dan AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome masih menjadi ancaman kesehatan masyarakat secara global. Prevalensi HIV/AIDS di Kabupaten Banyuwangi juga cukup tinggi yakni 4.557 kasus. Cara penularan HIV terbesar adalah melalui hubungan seksual (71 %). Sejumlah 18,23% orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) adalah wanita pekerja seks (WPS). Meskipun lokalisasi di Banyuwangi telah resmi ditutup pada tahun 2013, namun praktik prostitusi masih terselubung dijalankan. Hubungan seksual tanpa kondom menjadi mata rantai penyebaran HIV/AIDS di masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui korelasi pengetahuan dan sikap WPS dengan persuasi penggunaan kondom di eks lokalisasi Gempol Porong Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Desain penelitian adalah analitik kuantitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian yaitu WPS di Eks Lokalisasi Gempol Porong berjumlah 32 orang yang diambil dengan teknik Total sampling. Pengambilan data dengan metode angket dan dianalisis statistik menggunakan SPSS 20.0 version. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa WPS yang memiliki pengetahuan rendah dalam penanggulangan HIV/AIDS sebanyak 56,2 %, sikap negatif sebesar 53,1% dan sebanyak 59,4% tidak melakukan persuasi penggunaan kondom. Analisis uji chi-Square menunjukkan ada hubungan antara pengetahuan WPS dalam penanggulangan HIV/AIDS dengan persuasi penggunaan kondom (ρ = 0,002α), serta ada hubungan antara sikap WPS dalam upaya penanggulangan HIV/AIDS dengan persuasi penggunaan kondom (nilai ρ = 0,000α). Variabel yang berpengaruh terhadap penanggulangan HIV/AIDS dengan persuasi penggunaan kondom adalah sikap, dengan  probabilitas sikap negatif WPS sebesar 78%. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan masukan pihak terkait guna peningkatan 100% penggunaan kondom sehingga dapat menekan angka pertumbuhan HIV/AIDS di Kabupaten Banyuwangi.

scholarly journals Demographic Features of Identified PLWHA Infected through Commercial and Nonmarital Noncommercial Heterosexual Contact in China from 2015 – 2018: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhilong Dong ◽  
Liying Ma ◽  
Chang Cai ◽  
George Fu Gao ◽  
Fan Lyu
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Heterosexual Transmission ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Heterosexual Contact ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background:Understanding the demographic characteristics of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) infected through commercial heterosexual contact (CHC) or nonmarital noncommercial heterosexual contact (NMNCHC) is important for HIV/AIDS prevention and control.Methods:Cases reported through the Chinese HIV/AIDS Case Reporting System (CRS) from 2015 to 2018 were analyzed. A descriptive and preliminary inferential analysis were performed for those demographic characteristics deemed of interest.Results:Overall, 523,121 identified PLWHA between 2015 and 2018 in the CRS were analyzed. The constituent ratio of heterosexual transmission increased from 66.25% in 2015 to 71.48% in 2018. The proportion of CHC heterosexual transmission decreased from 40.18% in 2015 to 37.99% in 2018, while that of NMNCHC increased from 46.33% in 2015 to 49.02% in 2018. PLWHA infected through NMNCHC were significantly younger than those who were infected through CHC (Student’s t test, P<0.0001), with an average age gap ranging from 5.63 (2015) to 7.46 (2018) years, and the average age of both groups increased annually. The frequency of newly identified PLWHA who were infected through CHC had a remarkable increase among the ages of 65 and above. Gender distribution was significantly different between CHC and NMNCHC (χ2 = 8909.00(2015), 9941.90(2016), 11004.00 (2017), 12836.00(2018), all P < 0.0001), and the ratio of men to women in the NMCHC group was 1.50:1 (2015), 1.51:1 (2016), 1.54:1 (2017), and 1.52:1 (2018), while in the commercial heterosexual contact (CHC) group, these ratios were 11.45:1 (2015), 12.08:1 (2016), 12.53:1 (2017), and 13.28:1 (2018). Marital status was significantly different between CHC and NMNCHC (χ2 = 94.67 (2015), 109.88(2016), 58.18(2017), 152.38(2018), all P < 0.0001). As the educational level improved, the proportion of NMNCHC also increased (Cochran - Armitage test, P<0.0001).Conclusions:We found that heterosexual transmission was the primary mode of HIV transmission in China from 2015 to 2018. PLWHA infected through CHC and NMNCHC had different characteristics in age, gender, marital status, and educational level. The frequency of PLWHA infected through CHC increased substantially in the age group of 65 and above. This study provides useful baseline data for future studies on the heterosexual transmission of HIV in China.

scholarly journals Settings for identifying recent HIV infections: the Portuguese experience

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (36) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Cortes Martins ◽  
M T Paixão
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Western European Country ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv 1

Portugal has been the western European country with the highest rate of notified acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases since 1999 and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection cases since 2000. Nonetheless, exact information on the magnitude and trends of recently acquired infections is missing. In a cross-sectional study we aimed to determine HIV prevalence, the proportion of recently acquired infections and the incidence among patients attending a Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) clinic and among HIV positive cases tested at the AIDS Reference Laboratory (ARL), by using the Avidity Index (AI) of antibodies to identify recent HIV-1 seroconversions. Demographic and behavioural data were collected. At the STI clinic 253 patients were enrolled, 16 were found to be HIV infected (14 HIV-1, 2 HIV-2) and a prevalence of 6.3% was obtained. Four recent HIV-1 infections were identified and the HIV-1 incidence was 3.3% per year. At the ARL, 332 newly diagnosed cases of HIV-1 infection were studied, 59 (17.8%) were recent infections and an annual incidence of 4.1% was estimated. These findings support STI clinics as key sentinel sites for recently acquired HIV infections and illustrate the viability of testing for recent HIV infections in these settings and reinforce the value of this method in the surveillance for better monitoring current trends of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Portugal.

scholarly journals Characteristics relating to the interiorization of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Brazil: a cross-sectional study

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel de Deus Vieira ◽  
Ana Raquel Paz dos Reis ◽  
Francisco Ormidiel Teles de Alcânta Augusto ◽  
Karina Reis Martins ◽  
Paulo Roberto Fernandes Kern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Vct Pada Orang Berisiko Tertular HIV/Aids Puskesmas Kota Bandar Lampung

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-127
Author(s):  
Citra Wahyu Citra ◽  
Dina Dwi Nuryani ◽  
Christin Angelina Febriani
Keyword(s):  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV/ AIDS merupakan salah satu penyakit menular yang mengelobal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis mengenai pemanfaatan VCT pada orang berisiko HIV/AIDS. Penelitian ini menngunakan jenis penelitian dengan pendekatan desian cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah orang Risiko  HIV/AIDS yang terdata di klinik VCT Puskesmas Kota Bandar Lampung Provinsi Lampung berjumlah 4354. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan  cluster  sampling sehingga jumlah sampel 122 orang. Analisis data secara univariat, bivariat dan multivariate. Ada hubungan antara kerentanan yang dirasakan (p-value = 0,002 dan OR 4,683), bahaya yang dirasakan (p-value = 0,036 dan OR 2,786), manfaat yang dirasakan (p-value = 0,010 dan OR 3,563), hambatan yang dirasakan (p-value = 0.000 dan OR 7,906), isyarat untuk bertindak (p-value = 0,000 dan OR 22,077) dengan Pemanfaatan VCT  pada orang berisiko AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) di Puskesmas Sukaraja dan Simpur Bandar Lampung Tahun 2021. Faktor yang paling dominan adalah isyarat untuk bertindak dengan nilai OR yaitu 13.652.

scholarly journals Knowledge, awareness and use of HIV services among the youth from nomadic and agricultural communities in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
E. Ngadaya ◽  
G. Kimaro ◽  
A. Kahwa ◽  
N. P. Mnyambwa ◽  
E. Shemaghembe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
College Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Services ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Agricultural Communities ◽  
Hiv Aids

BACKGROUND: Nomadic life not only prevents the community from accessing and utilising HIV services but also deters them from obtaining reliable information on HIV.METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of youth aged 10–24 years from the Kilindi and Ngorongoro Districts in Tanzania to assess knowledge, accessibility and utilisation of HIV/AIDS services among nomadic and agricultural youths.RESULTS: Of 518 youths interviewed, 279 (53.9%) were males, and 276 (53.3%) were from agricultural communities. A significant proportion of youths from agricultural communities had correct knowledge of AIDS (n = 126, 45.8%; P = 0.002), HIV transmission (n = 273, 98.9%; P = 0.001) and comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS (n = 78, 28.5%; P = 0.009) compared to nomads. Youths from agricultural communities were two times (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.6) more likely to be aware of the availability of formal HIV services. Awareness of the availability of HIV services was higher among married individuals than in unmarried ones (OR 3.8, 95% CI 2.0–7.4), and significantly higher among youths with secondary/college education than in those who did not have formal education (OR 5.3, 95% CI 2.3–12.4). The uptake of HIV services was lower among nomadic youths.CONCLUSION: Knowledge, awareness and utilisation of HIV/AIDS transmission services were low in general, and even lower among nomadic youths, calling for more targeted interventions.

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