Survey of algae and other terrestrial biota at Edward VII Peninsula, Marie Byrd Land

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Broady
Keyword(s):  
Testate Amoebae ◽  
Aquatic Habitats ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Algal Communities ◽  
Continental Antarctica ◽  
Prasiola Crispa ◽  
Bird Colonies ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ciliate Protozoa ◽  
Stichococcus Bacillaris

The survey concentrated on algal communities but also gathered information on mosses, lichens and microfauna. All 23 nunataks in the Rockefeller and Alexandra mountains (77°00′–78°30′S, 152°–154°W) were visited, including ones both with and without nutrient enrichment from bird colonies. Over 30 species of algae were recorded with Cyanobacteria and Chlorophyta dominant as in other regions of continental Antarctica. Diatoms were not found. The most frequent algae were Cyanothece aeruginosa, Gloeocapsa spp., Oscillatoriaceae, Nostoc sp., Pseudococcomyxa simplex, Stichococcus bacillaris, cf. Desmococcus vulgaris, Prasiola crispa and Prasiococcus calcarius. Although lichens were the most visually prominent vegetation, free-living algae occurred in the widespread ‘non-aquatic’ habitats as epilithic, chasmoendolithic and edaphic communities as well as being epiphytic on the sparse moss cushions. Aquatic habitats were few and there were only three small ponds on or adjacent to nunataks. On ablating ice, cryoconite ponds contained Homoeothrix cf. rivularis, recorded for the first time in Antarctica. Preliminary identifications show 23 species of lichens and six species of mosses. No mites and collembola were seen. Samples contained testate amoebae, ciliate protozoa, rotifers and tardigrades but no nematodes.

scholarly journals First Report of Echinococcus ortleppi in Free-Living Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) from Portugal

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1256
Author(s):  
Teresa Letra Mateus ◽  
Maria João Gargaté ◽  
Anabela Vilares ◽  
Idalina Ferreira ◽  
Manuela Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
One Health ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Free Living ◽  
First Report ◽  
Wildlife Reservoirs ◽  
First Time ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Lato

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonosis that is prevalent worldwide. It is considered endemic in Portugal but few studies have been performed on Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato and their hosts. In this study, CE cysts are reported for the first time in a free-living wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Portugal. The presence of the metacestodes in the liver of the wild boar was identified by morphological features, microscopic examination and molecular analysis. The sequencing of part of the DNA nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1) region revealed a G5 genotype that presently corresponds to Echinococcus ortleppi. This is the first report of E. ortleppi in Portugal and to the best of the authors’ knowledge, in Europe. These results suggest that wild boar may be a host of CE, namely, crossing the livestock–wildlife interface, which has important public health implications. Wildlife reservoirs must be taken into account as CE hosts and surveillance of game as well as health education for hunters should be implemented using a One Health approach, with implementation of feasible and tailor-made control strategies, namely, proper elimination of byproducts in the field.

Arthropods in the nests of lesser spotted eagle (Aquila pomarina)

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Krištofík ◽  
Peter Mašán ◽  
Zbyšek Šustek ◽  
Dušan Karaska
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Group ◽  
Trophic Groups ◽  
Significant Component ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Parasitic Species ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Aquila Pomarina ◽  
Investigation Period ◽  
First Time

AbstractIn 2001–2007, altogether 57 nests of lesser spotted eagle were collected in the Orava region in northwestern Slovakia and four groups of arthropods were extracted from them. Richest in number of species and individuals were mites (23 species, 17,500 ind.), followed by beetles (12 species, 725 ind.), whereas pseudoscorpions were represented only by Pselaphochernes scorpioides (39 ind.) and fleas by Ceratophyllus garei (3 ind.). Unlike nests of other birds, free-living mites predominated in the nests fauna (83% of individuals), followed by nidicolous species with more or less free relationship to the nests, while parasitic species represented only a negligible part of the fauna. For the first time we observed phoresy of Nenteria pandioni, a specific and abundant mite in the eagles’ nests, on the nidicolous staphylinid Haploglossa puncticollis. The beetle fauna in the nests was much poorer than in nests of other birds. The predatory H. puncticollis was dominant in the nests (83%) and occurred continuously during the whole investigation period. Other beetles, even the widely distributed nidicols such as the histerid Gnathoncus buyssoni, were found rarely in nests. Predators were also the only abundant trophic group of beetles in the nests, while other trophic groups of beetles abundantly co-occur in nests of majority of other birds. The occurrence of all beetles was very unevenly distributed during the investigation period, but was positively correlated with occurrence of mites. The relatively low number of species and individuals of mites and beetles in the lesser spotted eagle nests resulted from their position on tree tops, at a height of 20–30 m and their quick drying out by sun and wind. It was also indicated by an enormously low number of species and individuals of mycetophagous beetles, which represent a significant component of the fauna in nests of other birds.

Ten New Records of Free-living Nematodes from Uttarakhand, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Vinita Sharma ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
New Records ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Free Living ◽  
First Time

Ten nematode species of order Dorylaimida were recorded for the first time from Uttarakhand during survey of terrestrial nematodes associated with forest trees and medicinal plants in Govind Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand, India.

A new and two known species of Hatschekia Poche, 1902 (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida, Hatschekiidae) parasitic on Japanese fishes

Crustaceana ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 1483-1493
Author(s):  
Kunihiko Izawa
Keyword(s):  
Free Living ◽  
First Time ◽  
Branchiostegus Japonicus

Abstract Hatschekia laeopsi sp. nov., H. branchiostegi Yamaguti, 1939 and H. pagrosomi Yamaguti, 1939 are (re-)described based on specimens collected from the branchial lamellae of three Japanese fishes, Laeops kitaharae (Smith & Pope, 1906) (Pleuronectidae), Branchiostegus japonicus (Houttuyn, 1782) (Malacanthidae), and Dentex tumifrons (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) (Sparidae), respectively. The free-living stages of H. branchiostegi are described for the species for the first time.

scholarly journals The curse of taxonomic uncertainty in biogeographical studies of free-living terrestrial protists: a case study of testate amoebae from Amsterdam Island

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1551-1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Heger ◽  
E. A. D. Mitchell ◽  
P. Ledeganck ◽  
S. Vincke ◽  
B. Van de Vijver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Testate Amoebae ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Taxonomic Uncertainty

A new pathogen spillover from domestic to wild animals: Plasmodium juxtanucleare infects free-living passerines in Brazil

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 145 (14) ◽  
pp. 1949-1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco C. Ferreira-Junior ◽  
Daniela de Angeli Dutra ◽  
Patrícia Silveira ◽  
Richard Campos Pacheco ◽  
Rute Witter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Habitat Modification ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Backyard Chickens ◽  
First Time

AbstractHabitat modification may facilitate the emergence of novel pathogens, and the expansion of agricultural frontiers make domestic animals important sources of pathogen spillover to wild animals. We demonstrate for the first time that Plasmodium juxtanucleare, a widespread parasite from domestic chickens, naturally infects free-living passerines. We sampled 68 wild birds within and at the border of conservation units in central Brazil composed by Cerrado, a highly threatened biome. Seven out of 10 passerines captured in the limits of a protected area with a small farm were infected by P. juxtanucleare as was confirmed by sequencing a fragment of the parasite's cytochrome b. Blood smears from these positive passerines presented trophozoites, meronts and gametocytes compatible with P. juxtanucleare, meaning these birds are competent hosts for this parasite. After these intriguing results, we sampled 30 backyard chickens managed at the area where P. juxtanucleare-infected passerines were captured, revealing one chicken infected by the same parasite lineage. We sequenced the almost complete mitochondrial genome from all positive passerines, revealing that Brazilian and Asian parasites are closely related. P. juxtanucleare can be lethal to non-domestic hosts under captive and rehabilitation conditions, suggesting that this novel spillover may pose a real threat to wild birds.

Identification guide to genera of aquatic larval Chironomidae (Diptera) of Australia and New Zealand

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4706 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-102
Author(s):  
PETER S. CRANSTON
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Aquatic Habitats ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Identification Keys ◽  
Identification Guide ◽  
First Time

Identification keys are provided for the final (4th) instar larvae of genera of Chironomidae (Diptera), from aquatic habitats in Australia and New Zealand. Morphological features of taxonomic utility are discussed and illustrated by line drawings. Summaries of described species for each genus and their distribution is provided, with reference to means of further identification where available. In the subfamily Podonominae, 5 genera are keyed of which 3 are recorded from New Zealand; the 4 genera of Aphroteniinae are from Australia (absent from New Zealand); in Diamesinae 1 genus is Australian, 2 are from New Zealand; in the Tanypodinae 21 genera are found in Australia and 4 are from New Zealand; in Orthocladiinae 31 genera are reported from Australia, 14 from New Zealand; and in Chironominae 43 genera are keyed from Australia, 9 from New Zealand. Larvae of Axarus Roback, Chernovskiia Sæther and Omisus Townes (Chironomini) are recognised in Australia for the first time. The undescribed larva of Paucispinigera Freeman, endemic to New Zealand, is keyed and several other New Zealand taxa are included based on unpublished records. Genera reported from Australia and New Zealand as adults, but unknown as larvae, are listed. 

Interactions between Free-Living Amoebae and Legionella in the Environment

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 235-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Harf ◽  
H. Monteil
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Ultrasonic Treatment ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Aquatic Habitats ◽  
Environmental Waters ◽  
Free Living ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Cellular Replication

While their presence is common in the environment, culture and isolation of Legionella from environmental waters are fastidious. Free-living amoebae have identical aquatic habitats and are probable natural hosts for Legionella. In the laboratory it was shown that amoebae can feed on Legionella on solid and in liquid medium; both survived after several subcultures of amoebae. Amoebae were isolated from river waters and sediments. Cysts or trophozoites were subcultured; the amoebae were washed and harvested, then lysed by thermal shock and ultrasonic treatment. The lysates were positive for Legionella by IFD with different pools of antisera (A, B and C from CDC, Atlanta). Intra-peritoneal injection of the lysates in guinea-pigs allowed the isolation of L.pneumophila 1 from blood and various organs. Amoebae are likely to be natural hosts for Legionella and are convenient as an ecological model in the laboratory. Intra-cellular replication and inclusion in resistant cysts of amoebae give them a possibility of survival in unfavourable conditions.

The life histories of north-temperate populations of the crayfish Cambarus robustus and Cambarus bartoni

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 2313-2322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Premysl Hamr ◽  
Michael Berrill
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Carapace Length ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
The Third ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
First Time

The life histories of the crayfish Cambarus robustus and Cambarus bartoni were studied in the Kawartha Lakes region of southern Ontario. There were marked differences in their breeding and molting cycles compared with the familiar pattern of the Orconectes species of this region. Egg extrusion occurred later (July in C. robustus, June in C. bartoni), and juveniles therefore did not become free living until late summer or early fall. With little growing time in their first summer, they measured only 5–10 mm in carapace length (CPL) before growth ceased for the winter. At the end of their second summer the still immature crayfish measured 17–26 mm CPL in C. robustus and 13–20 mm CPL in C. bartoni. Maturity was therefore not attained until the end of the third summer, when most C. robustus matured at 34–45 mm CPL and C. bartoni at 25–30 mm CPL. The majority of individuals apparently reproduced for the first time during their fourth summer; a few apparently survived into another summer, reaching carapace lengths greater than 50 mm in C. robustus and 30 mm in C. bartoni. In males of both species, form 1 and form 2 occur throughout the summer. Although lacking the synchrony of Orconectes species, breeding and molting activities are still confined to the period between April and October. The timing of the life-history events observed in these two Cambarus species may be adaptations to seasonal stresses of the swift water environments that these species inhabit as well as to the relative harshness of the northern temperate climate.

Myrmelibia, a new genus of Myrmecophile form Australia, with a generic review of Australian Osoriinae (Coleoptera : Staphylinidae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
AF Newton
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
New Records ◽  
Indian Ocean Region ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Senior Synonym ◽  
Ocean Region ◽  
The Status ◽  
New Synonymy ◽  
First Time

The status of two supposedly myrmecophilous Australian 'Glyptoma' species described by A. M. Lea is reviewed, and lectotypes designated for both species. A new genus, Myrmelibia, is proposed for Glyptoma kingi Lea of south-eastern Australia. This genus is not related to Glyptoma or Thoracophorus, but belongs near the genera Eulibia, Heterotrochinus and Holotrochidius of the Oriental-Indian Ocean region. New records confirm that M. kingi is one of the few truly myrmecophilous osoriines, probably host-specific with Zridomyrmex nitidus Mayr (Hymenoptera : Formicidae : Dolichoderinae). Glyptoma myrmecophilum Lea is transferred to the genus Thoracophorus as a senior synonym of T. quadricostatus Bernhauer (new synonymy); present evidence suggests it is free-living and subcortical, not myrmecophilous. A key to all 16 genera of Osoriinae (sensu Blackwelder) known to occur in Australia is presented, along with the names, distribution and microhabitat of Australian species included in each genus. Four genera (Allotrochus, Arpagonus, Espeson, and Saegerius) are reported from Australia for the first time, each based on undescribed species from northern Queensland.

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