scholarly journals A long-term look at “early starters”: Predicting adult psychosocial outcomes from childhood conduct problem trajectories

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maeve Cyr ◽  
Yao Zheng ◽  
Robert J. McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Psychosocial Outcomes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Conduct Problem ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Positive Adjustment ◽  
Early Starters ◽  
Childhood Conduct

Abstract Current evidence suggests that multiple pathways of “early-starting” conduct problems exist, including persisting and declining trajectories. Since relatively little is known about the early onset-declining pathway, this study examined the long-term outcomes of different childhood conduct problem trajectories in a disproportionately high-risk sample (N = 754). Parents reported on children's conduct problems at six time points (kindergarten to grade 7). At age 25, psychosocial outcomes were assessed across five domains (psychopathology, substance use, risky sexual behavior, antisocial behavior, and adaptive outcomes). Four childhood conduct problem trajectories were identified: extremely high increasing (EHI; 3.7%), high stable (HS; 22.0%), moderate decreasing (MD; 38.8%), and low decreasing (LD; 35.5%). The EHI and HS groups displayed the poorest psychosocial functioning at age 25, whereas the LD group exhibited the most positive adjustment. Although individuals in the MD group displayed relatively positive adjustment on some outcomes, they displayed more psychopathology and lower well-being in adulthood than the LD group. These findings suggest that there are diverse pathways of early-starting conduct problems, and that all early starters are at risk for later maladjustment. However, the degree and type of risk is related to the severity of conduct problems throughout childhood.

scholarly journals The long‐term cost of childhood conduct problems: Finnish Nationwide 1981 Birth Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Rissanen ◽  
Virpi Kuvaja‐Köllner ◽  
Henrik Elonheimo ◽  
Lauri Sillanmäki ◽  
André Sourander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Childhood Conduct Problems ◽  
Childhood Conduct

scholarly journals A vulnerable age group: the impact of cancer on the psychosocial well-being of young adult childhood cancer survivors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. E. van Erp ◽  
H. Maurice-Stam ◽  
L. C. M. Kremer ◽  
W. J. E. Tissing ◽  
H. J. H. van der Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Psychosocial Outcomes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Childhood Cancer Survivors ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Time Since Diagnosis

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to increase our understanding of the psychosocial well-being of young adult childhood cancer survivors (YACCS) as well as the positive and negative impacts of cancer. Methods YACCS (aged 18–30, diagnosed ≤ 18, time since diagnosis ≥ 5 years) cross-sectionally filled out the “Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Young Adults” (PedsQL-YA), “Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale” (HADS), and “Checklist Individual Strengths” (CIS-20R) to measure fatigue and survivor-specific “Impact of Cancer - Childhood Survivors” (IOC-CS), which measures the long-term impact of childhood cancer in several domains. Descriptive statistics (IOC-CS), logistic regression (HADS, CIS-20R), and ANOVA (PedsQL-YA, HADS, CIS-20R) were performed. Associations between positive and negative impacts of childhood cancer and psychosocial outcomes were examined with linear regression analyses. Results YACCS (N = 151, 61.6% female, mean age 24.1 ± 3.6, mean time since diagnosis 13.6 ± 3.8) reported lower HRQOL (− .4 ≤ d ≤ − .5, p ≤ .001) and more anxiety (d = .4, p ≤ .001), depression (d = .4, p ≤ .01), and fatigue (.3 ≤ d ≤ .5, p ≤ .001) than young adults from the general Dutch population. They were at an increased risk of experiencing (sub)clinical anxiety (OR = 1.8, p = .017). YACCS reported more impact on scales representing a positive rather than negative impact of CC. Various domains of impact of childhood cancer were related to psychosocial outcomes, especially “Life Challenges” (HRQOL β = − .18, anxiety β = .36, depression β = .29) and “Body & Health” (HRQOL β = .27, anxiety β = − .25, depression β = − .26, fatigue β = − .47). Conclusion YACCS are vulnerable to psychosocial difficulties, but they also experience positive long-term impacts of childhood cancer. Positive and negative impacts of childhood cancer were associated with psychosocial outcomes in YACCS. Screening of psychosocial outcomes and offering targeted interventions are necessary to optimize psychosocial long-term follow-up care for YACCS.

scholarly journals Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) for preventing prematurity-related bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD): 7-year follow-up of the European Union Nitric Oxide (EUNO) trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
Anne Greenough ◽  
Fabrice Decobert ◽  
David Field ◽  
Mikko Hallman ◽  
Helmut D. Hummler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Inhaled Nitric Oxide ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Home Oxygen Therapy

AbstractObjectivesMost studies of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants have focused on short-term mortality and morbidity. Our aim was to determine the long-term effects of iNO.MethodsA 7-year follow-up was undertaken of infants entered into a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of iNO for prevention of BPD in premature infants born between 24 and 28 weeks plus six days of gestation. At 7 years, survival and hospital admissions since the 2-year follow-up, home oxygen therapy in the past year, therapies used in the previous month and growth assessments were determined. Questionnaires were used to compare general health, well-being, and quality of life.ResultsA total of 305 children were assessed. No deaths were reported. Rates of hospitalization for respiratory problems (6.6 vs. 10.5%, iNO and placebo group, respectively) and use of respiratory medications (6.6 vs. 9.2%) were similar. Two patients who received iNO and one who received placebo had received home oxygen therapy. There were no significant differences in any questionnaire-documented health outcomes.ConclusionsiNO for prevention of BPD in very premature infants with respiratory distress did not result in long-term benefits or adverse long-term sequelae. In the light of current evidence, routine use of iNO cannot be recommended for prevention of BPD in preterm infants.

Long-term and late effects (LLEs), anxiety, and depression among long-term survivors of pediatric, adolescent, and young adult (P-AYA) cancer.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (31_suppl) ◽  
pp. 143-143
Author(s):  
Linda A. Jacobs ◽  
Abigail N. Blauch ◽  
Donna A. Pucci ◽  
Steven C Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Psychosocial Outcomes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Body Image Concerns

143 Background: Adult P-AYA cancer survivors report numerous LLEs, as well as potential decrements in psychological well-being. The relationship between LLEs and psychological well-being, however, has not been well described in this population. We examined this relationship and predictors of LLEs and well-being in a sample of adult survivors of P-AYA cancer. Methods: Survivors of P-AYA cancer > 2 years from end of treatment completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and a measure of presence and severity of 11 common LLEs following a survivorship visit. LLEs included fatigue, pain, insomnia, numbness, joint or muscle pain, difficulties with concentration or memory, body image concerns, decreased sexual interest, and weight. Results: Participants (N = 237) were predominately white (89%), college educated (76%), single (63%), and had an annual income of > $60,000 (69%). A plurality had diagnoses of leukemia (30%) or Hodgkin's lymphoma (29%) treated 17 years previously. Treatment included surgery (35%), chemotherapy (91%), XRT (59%), and BMT (17%). Anxiety (M = 6.02; SD = 3.07) and depression (M = 2.54; SD = 2.85) scores were generally low and below the cutpoint of 8 (all t < -7.8; all p < .001 ), although 21% and 9% screened positively for anxiety or depression, respectively. 91% of participants reported at least 1 LLE (M = 4.8, SD = 3.1), most commonly fatigue (73%), concentration (57%) and memory difficulties (53%), and body image problems (48%). Total number LLEs was associated with elevations in both anxiety and depression, as was severity for each individual LLE (all p < 0.001). Only one LLE, difficulty with body image, produced large effects for both anxiety and depression. Low income status were associated with both LLEs and elevations in anxiety and depression (all p < 0.01). Conclusions: Most P-AYA survivors report LLEs. Although anxiety and depression are modest, elevations occur in a substantial number of survivors. Presence of LLEs is associated with worse psychosocial outcomes, particularly difficulties with body image. Lower income individuals and those with body image concerns may be at particular risk of poorer psychosocial outcomes.

scholarly journals NEW MODELS OF CARE FOR LONG-TERM CARE FACILITIES: WHAT DOES THE EVIDENCE TELL US?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S242-S243
Author(s):  
Katie Brittain ◽  
Dawn Craig ◽  
Karen Spilsbury ◽  
Paul Wilson ◽  
Katie Brittain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Models Of Care ◽  
Care Homes ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
New Models

Abstract Models of care are evolving to meet the demands of an ageing population in long-term care facilities. Syntheses of current evidence are an essential to inform future change. In this project we conducted a rapid synthesis of evidence relating to enhancing health in long term care facilities across technology and evaluation. Mapping reviews were conducted on the uses, benefits and challenges of technology in care homes and approaches to evaluation of new models of care. Systematic evidence syntheses addressed the questions of which technologies have a positive impact on resident health and well-being and which measurement tools have been validated for use in UK care homes. Key findings will be presented in animated format, including that the most promising interventions appear to be games that promote physical activity and enhance mental health. This presentation will highlight the benefits and importance of evidence synthesis to the development of models of care.

How much do we know about the long-term effectiveness of parenting programmes? Advances, shortcomings, and future directions

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Metin Özdemir
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Causal Inferences ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Problem Behaviours ◽  
Parent Outcomes

Purpose – Parenting programmes are seen as feasible and cost-effective in preventing early behavioural problems in children and adolescents. A number of studies have concluded that such programmes are effective in reducing child problem behaviours and improving the skills and well-being of parents. Nevertheless, less is known about long-term programme effects. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – A non-meta-analytic discussion. Findings – Long-term evaluations of parenting programmes suffer from a number of methodological weaknesses resulting in an inability to make robust causal inferences about child and parent outcomes in the longer term. The current evidence is favourable but is likely to be biased by methodological weaknesses. There is a need for more studies of greater methodological strength to obtain conclusive evidence that would guide empirical research, practice and policy. Originality/value – The paper discusses weaknesses in long-term evaluations of parenting programmes and highlights concrete future directions towards improving the quality of study design, evaluation and data analysis.

Improving Feeding Outcomes in the NICU: Moving From Volume-Driven to Infant-Driven Feeding

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine S. Shaker
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dynamic Systems Theory ◽  
Feeding Problems ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Extremely Preterm Infants

Current research on feeding outcomes after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) suggests a need to critically look at the early underpinnings of persistent feeding problems in extremely preterm infants. Concepts of dynamic systems theory and sensitive care-giving are used to describe the specialized needs of this fragile population related to the emergence of safe and successful feeding and swallowing. Focusing on the infant as a co-regulatory partner and embracing a framework of an infant-driven, versus volume-driven, feeding approach are highlighted as best supporting the preterm infant's developmental strivings and long-term well-being.

Intraindividual Variability and Stability of Affect and Well-Being

GeroPsych ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Röcke ◽  
Annette Brose
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Underlying Processes

Whereas subjective well-being remains relatively stable across adulthood, emotional experiences show remarkable short-term variability, with younger and older adults differing in both amount and correlates. Repeatedly assessed affect data captures both the dynamics and stability as well as stabilization that may indicate emotion-regulatory processes. The article reviews (1) research approaches to intraindividual affect variability, (2) functional implications of affect variability, and (3) age differences in affect variability. Based on this review, we discuss how the broader literature on emotional aging can be better integrated with theories and concepts of intraindividual affect variability by using appropriate methodological approaches. Finally, we show how a better understanding of affect variability and its underlying processes could contribute to the long-term stabilization of well-being in old age.

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