scholarly journals Does cognitive reserve moderate the association between mood and cognition? A systematic review

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Opdebeeck ◽  
Catherine Quinn ◽  
Sharon M Nelis ◽  
Linda Clare
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Older People ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Moderating Factors ◽  
Mood And Cognition

SummaryThe evidence regarding the association between mood and cognitive function is conflicting, suggesting the involvement of moderating factors. This systematic review aimed to assess whether cognitive reserve moderates the association between mood and cognition in older people. Cognitive reserve was considered in terms of the three key proxy measures – educational level, occupation, and engagement in cognitively stimulating leisure activities – individually and in combination. Sixteen studies representing 37,101 participants were included in the review. Of these, 13 used a measure of education, one used a measure of occupation, two used a measure of participation in cognitively stimulating activities, and one used a combination of these. In general, cognitive reserve moderated the association between mood and cognition, with a larger negative association between mood and cognition in those with low cognitive reserve than in those with high cognitive reserve. Further research utilizing multiple proxy measures of cognitive reserve is required to elucidate the associations.

scholarly journals Cognitive reserve as a moderator of the negative association between mood and cognition: evidence from a population-representative cohort

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Opdebeeck ◽  
F. E. Matthews ◽  
Y-T. Wu ◽  
R. T. Woods ◽  
C. Brayne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mood And Cognition

BackgroundCognitive reserve (CR) has been associated with better cognitive function and lower risk of depression in older people, yet it remains unclear whether CR moderates the association between mood and cognition. This study aimed to investigate whether a comprehensive indicator of CR, including education, occupation and engagement in cognitive and social activities, acts as a moderator of this association.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study utilising baseline data from the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study II (CFAS II), a large population-based cohort of people aged 65+ in England. Complete data on the measures of CR, mood and cognition were available for 6565 dementia-free individuals. Linear regression models were used to investigate the potential modifying effect of CR on the association between cognition and mood with adjustment for age, sex and missing data.ResultsLevels of CR did moderate the negative association between mood and cognition; the difference in cognition between those with and without a clinical level mood disorder was significantly smaller in the middle (−2.28; 95% confidence interval (CI) −3.65 to −0.90) and higher (−1.30; 95% CI −2.46 to −0.15) CR groups compared with the lower CR group (−4.01; 95% CI −5.53 to −2.49). The individual components of CR did not significantly moderate the negative association between mood and cognition.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that CR, indexed by a composite score based on multiple indicators, can moderate the negative association between lowered mood and cognition, emphasising the importance of continuing to build CR across the lifespan in order to maintain cognitive health.

Lowering dementia risk and slowing progression of disease: the role of cognitive reserve and cognitive training

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Scherrer ◽  
John E. Morley
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Dementia Incidence ◽  
Early Dementia ◽  
Progression Of Disease

Summary Almeida-Meza et al found an inverse correlation between cognitive reserve (associated with educational level, complexity of occupations and leisure activities) and dementia incidence. We suggest clarifying studies using their data-set and consider what can be done to modify socioeconomic inequalities that affect cognitive reserve or to slow early dementia.

scholarly journals Role of Dietary Protein and Thiamine Intakes on Cognitive Function in Healthy Older People: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 2415-2439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freda Koh ◽  
Karen Charlton ◽  
Karen Walton ◽  
Anne-Therese McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Older People ◽  
Dietary Protein

scholarly journals Continuing education for the prevention of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s-type dementia: a systematic review and overview of systematic reviews

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e027719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Matyas ◽  
Filiz Keser Aschenberger ◽  
Gernot Wagner ◽  
Birgit Teufer ◽  
Stefanie Auer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Continuing Education ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Overview Of Systematic Reviews

ObjectiveTo summarise evidence on the preventive effects of continuing education on mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s-type dementia in adults 45 years or older.DesignSystematic review and overview of systematic reviews.Data sourcesWe systematically searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Scopus for published studies and grey literature databases for unpublished studies from January 1990 to April 2018.MethodsTo assess evidence directly addressing our objectives, we conducted a systematic review. Because we were aware of a dearth of direct evidence, we also performed an overview of systematic reviews on leisure activities that mimic formal continuing education. We a priori established the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two authors independently assessed inclusion and exclusion at the abstract and full-text level, rated the risk of bias, and determined the certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. We resolved all discrepancies by consensus. We synthesised the available evidence narratively.ResultsOur searches identified 4933 citations. For the systematic review, only two publications on the same prospective cohort study (Tasmanian Healthy Brain Project) met the inclusion criteria; for the overview of reviews, we included five systematic reviews. Based on 459 participants, preliminary data of the ongoing cohort study indicated that cognitive reserve statistically significantly increased in persons attending university classes compared with the control group (92.5% vs 55.7%, p<0.01). Likewise, language processing capacities statistically significantly improved (p<0.01). Episodic memory, working memory and executive function did not differ significantly between groups. Systematic reviews consistently reported a positive association between participation in cognitively stimulating leisure activities and reduced incidence of dementia and improved cognitive test performance.ConclusionAvailable results demonstrate that cognitive reserve increases through continuing education and show a positive association of cognitive leisure activities with both improved cognitive function and lower dementia incidence.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017063944.

scholarly journals Hand Grip Strength, Cognitive Function and the Role of Cognitive Reserve: Results from a Sample of Community Dwelling Elderly in China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Wei ◽  
Kai-yong Liu ◽  
Fang-biao Tao ◽  
Pei-ru Xu ◽  
Bei-jing Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Hand Grip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Elderly Cohort

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the association between hand grip strength (HGS) and cognitive function, and the potentially moderating effects of cognitive reserve on this relationship using a sample of community dwelling elderly in China.MethodsThe subjects included 1291 community-dwelling elderly aged 60 or over and without dementia who participated in the baseline survey of an elderly cohort in Anhui province, China. Cognitive function was assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and HGS was measured using an electronic grip strength dynamometer. The education (EDU) in early life, cognitive level of the job (CLJ) in middle age, cognitive leisure activities (CLA) in late life, and other covariates were collected through a face-to-face interview and physical examination.ResultsThe differences in MMSE scores across tertiles of HGS were significant (MMSE scores across tertiles of HGS: 20.26±7.02 vs 22.83±5.99 vs 24.76±6.36, F=62.05, P<0.001). After adjustment for covariates, the lower tertiles of HGS was related to lower MMSE scores when compared to the upper tertiles of HGS (β=β [95%CI]: −2.02[−2.87~−1.17], P<0.001). However, no significant association existed between the intermediate tertiles of HGS and lower MMSE scores (β=β [95%CI]: −0.28[−1.05~0.50], P=0.483). Moderation analyses revealed that the correlation between the lower tertiles of HGS and decreased MMSE scores was less pronounced in middle EDU (β=β [95%CI]: −1.62[−3.22~−0.02], P=0.047), and in middle CLJ (β=β [95%CI]: −2.17[−3.31~−1.24], P<0.0001) than in low EDU (β=β [95%CI]: −2.46[−3.80~−1.12], P<0.0001), and in low CLJ (β=β [95%CI]: −3.72[−6.92~−0.53], P=0.023). Furthermore, this relationship was not significant among the elderly with high EDU or the high CLJ.ConclusionsThe lower HGS is associated with poor cognitive function in older age, and cognitive reserve may attenuate or eliminate the relationship of lower HGS with cognitive function.

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