scholarly journals Conservation education in threatened species management in Africa

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaa Ntiamoa-Baidu
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Conservation Education ◽  
Local People ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Problem Identification ◽  
Species Management ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Reallocation Of Resources

SummaryThe issues that need to be addressed in conservation education programmes aimed at saving threatened species in Africa are discussed. Elements considered as crucial for the success of such programmes include a clear definition of the problem, identification of the target groups, definition of appropriate messages for each group, and development of suitable strategies for dissemination. The advantages of using local people to implement education programmes are outlined. A system for monitoring and evaluation is essential for the assessment of the success of programmes and provides opportunities for improvement, re-definition of priorities and reallocation of resources.

RECENTES REGISTROS DE Bolitoglossa paraensis (UNTERSTEIN, 1930) (CAUDATA, PLETHODONTIDAE) NO CENTRO DE ENDEMISMO BELÉM

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
Ruth Amanda Estupiñán
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Red List ◽  
The West ◽  
Natural Reserve ◽  
Undisturbed Forest ◽  
Landscape Units ◽  
Definition Of

In the red list of threatened species of Pará State, in Brazil, the salamander Bolitoglossa paraensis was listed as vulnerable. Initially the species was considered a synonym with Bolitoglossa altamazonica, but was recently revalidated. This note discusses the validity of the specimens from the west of the Brazilian Amazon identified as B. paraensis. It is also discussed the categorization of the species as vulnerable, and the records of the species was mapped in the Endemism area Belém. In order to establish a Private Natural Reserve (RPPN), a herpetological survey was carried out in different landscape units of the Nova Amafrutas, in Benevides (Pará), and the records of B. paraensis were mapped in these landscape units. By comparing the abundances recorded by Crump (1971) and those results of the present study, suggested that this species is tolerant to antropic “capoeira” forest (old fallows) next to undisturbed forest. More molecular phylogeographic studies are needed in order to establish a stable the taxonomy status for B. paraensis, and also the definition of its real endemic status in the Center of Endemism of Belém.

The first flush in sewer systems

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnès Saget ◽  
Ghassan Chebbo ◽  
Jean-Luc Bertrand-Krajewski
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Real Data ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Controversial Subject ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Appearance Frequency

The first flush phenomenon of urban wet weather discharges is presently a controversial subject. Scientists do not agree with its reality, nor with its influences on the size of treatment works. Those disagreements mainly result from the unclear definition of the phenomenon. The objective of this article is first to provide a simple and clear definition of the first flush and then to apply it to real data and to obtain results about its appearance frequency. The data originate from the French database based on the quality of urban wet weather discharges. We use 80 events from 7 separately sewered basins, and 117 events from 7 combined sewered basins. The main result is that the first flush phenomenon is very scarce, anyway too scarce to be used to elaborate a treatment strategy against pollution generated by urban wet weather discharges.

scholarly journals SIMULTANEOUS DEFINITION OF KEY CHARACTERISTICS IN ORDER TO FACILITATE ROBUST DESIGN IN EARLY PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT STAGES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2691-2700
Author(s):  
Stefan Goetz ◽  
Dennis Horber ◽  
Benjamin Schleich ◽  
Sandro Wartzack
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Robust Design ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Implicit Information ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Associated Functions ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThe success of complex product development projects strongly depends on the clear definition of target factors that allow a reliable statement about the fulfilment of the product requirements. In the context of tolerancing and robust design, Key Characteristics (KCs) have been established for this purpose and form the basis for all downstream activities. In order to integrate the activities related to the KC definition into product development as early as possible, the often vaguely formulated requirements must be translated into quantifiable KCs. However, this is primarily a manual process, so the results strongly depend on the experience of the design engineer.In order to overcome this problem, a novel computer-aided approach is presented, which automatically derives associated functions and KCs already during the definition of product requirements. The approach uses natural language processing and formalized design knowledge to extract and provide implicit information from the requirements. This leads to a clear definition of the requirements and KCs and thus creates a founded basis for robustness evaluation at the beginning of the concept design stage. The approach is exemplarily applied to a window lifter.

Euphoria

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Wilmot
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Definition Of

Euphoria is by definition ambiguous. Some researchers have noted it is a cause for drug taking while others have viewed it as the effect of taking drugs, To date there is no clear definition of what “euphoria” is or how it enters into career drug use or abuse. This article proposes that “euphoria” is metaphoric, and on that basis may be learned. Learning to use drugs euphorically is the key to controlled drug use and ultimately the control of drug abuse.

scholarly journals Flying Free: A Research Overview of Deep Learning in Drone Navigation Autonomy

Drones ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Thomas Lee ◽  
Susan Mckeever ◽  
Jane Courtney
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
The Past ◽  
Computer Vision Applications ◽  
Definition Of

With the rise of Deep Learning approaches in computer vision applications, significant strides have been made towards vehicular autonomy. Research activity in autonomous drone navigation has increased rapidly in the past five years, and drones are moving fast towards the ultimate goal of near-complete autonomy. However, while much work in the area focuses on specific tasks in drone navigation, the contribution to the overall goal of autonomy is often not assessed, and a comprehensive overview is needed. In this work, a taxonomy of drone navigation autonomy is established by mapping the definitions of vehicular autonomy levels, as defined by the Society of Automotive Engineers, to specific drone tasks in order to create a clear definition of autonomy when applied to drones. A top–down examination of research work in the area is conducted, focusing on drone navigation tasks, in order to understand the extent of research activity in each area. Autonomy levels are cross-checked against the drone navigation tasks addressed in each work to provide a framework for understanding the trajectory of current research. This work serves as a guide to research in drone autonomy with a particular focus on Deep Learning-based solutions, indicating key works and areas of opportunity for development of this area in the future.

What, Where and Why is Europe? Some Answers from Recent Historiography

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
The Political ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Alexander Von Humboldt ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
History Of ◽  
Institutional Expansion ◽  
Definition Of

Writing the history of a continent is generally a tricky business. If the continent is not even a real continent, but rather ‘a western peninsula of Asia’ (Alexander von Humboldt) without a clear definition of where the continent becomes peninsula, things do not get any easier. Despite these problems there is no dearth of trying. In fact, writing European histories seems to become more fashionable by the year — ironically just as the political and institutional expansion of Europe is losing steam. While the European Union is catching its breath, the historians are catching up. With the first wave of post-Euro and post-big-bang-Enlargement literature written, it is time for the reviewer to survey the landscape — and to provide some guideposts for future exploration.

scholarly journals Daylight Discomfort Glare Evaluation with Evalglare: Influence of Parameters and Methods on the Accuracy of Discomfort Glare Prediction

Buildings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clotilde Pierson ◽  
Jan Wienold ◽  
Magali Bodart
Keyword(s):  
Visual Scene ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Source Detection ◽  
Threshold Method ◽  
Area Method ◽  
Discomfort Glare ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Statistical Indicators ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Nowadays, discomfort glare indices are frequently calculated by using evalglare. Due to the lack of knowledge on the implications of the methods and parameters of evalglare, the default settings are often used. But wrong parameter settings can lead to inappropriate glare source detection and therefore to invalid glare indices calculations and erroneous glare classifications. For that reason, this study aims to assess the influence of several glare source detection methods and parameters on the accuracy of discomfort glare prediction for daylight. This analysis uses two datasets, representative of the two types of discomfort glare: saturation and contrast glare. By computing three different statistical indicators to describe the accuracy of discomfort glare prediction, 63 different settings are compared. The results suggest that the choice of an evalglare method should be done when considering the type of glare that is most likely to occur in the visual scene: the task area method should be preferred for contrast glare scenes, and the threshold method for saturation glare scenes. The parameters that should be favored or avoided are also discussed, although a deeper understanding of the discomfort glare mechanism and a clear definition of a glare source would be necessary to reliably interpret these results.

scholarly journals Fake News and the Convention on Cybercrime

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-358
Author(s):  
Robert Smith ◽  
Mark Perry
Keyword(s):  
Hate Speech ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Additional Protocol ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Web

The COVID-19 pandemic and the recent term of the United States President, Donald Trump, brought the term “fake news” to the attention of the broader community. Some jurisdictions have developed anti-fake news legislation, whilst others have used existing cybercrime legislation. A significant deficiency is the lack of a clear definition of fake news. Just because a person calls something “fake news” does not mean that it is indeed false. Especially during pandemics, the primary aim should be to have misinformation and disinformation removed quickly from the web rather than prosecute offenders. The most widely accepted international anti-cybercrime treaty is the Convention on Cybercrime developed by the Council of Europe, which is silent on fake news, the propagation of which may be a cybercrime. There is an Additional Protocol that deals with hate speech, which the authors consider to be a subset of fake news. Using examples from Southeast Asia, the paper develops a comprehensive definition of what constitutes fake news. It ensures that it covers the various flavours of fake news that have been adopted in various jurisdictions. Hate speech can be considered a subset of fake news and is defined as the publication or distribution of fake news with the intention to incite hatred or violence against ethnic, religious, political, and other groups in society. The paper proposes some offences, including those that should be applied to platform service providers. The recommendations could be easily adapted for inclusion in the Convention on Cybercrime or other regional conventions. Such an approach is desirable as cybercrime, including propagating fake news, is not a respecter of national borders, and has widespread deleterious effects. Keywords: Fake news; hate speech; Convention on Cybercrime; draft legislation

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