scholarly journals Trypillia Megasites in Context: Independent Urban Development in Chalcolithic Eastern Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bisserka Gaydarska ◽  
Marco Nebbia ◽  
John Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Relational Approach ◽  
The Third ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The 1960S

The Trypillia megasites of the Ukrainian forest steppe formed the largest fourth-millennium bc sites in Eurasia and possibly the world. Discovered in the 1960s, the megasites have so far resisted all attempts at an understanding of their social structure and dynamics. Multi-disciplinary investigations of the Nebelivka megasite by an Anglo-Ukrainian research project brought a focus on three research questions: (1) what was the essence of megasite lifeways? (2) can we call the megasites early cities? and (3) what were their origins? The first question is approached through a summary of Project findings on Nebelivka and the subsequent modelling of three different scenarios for what transpired to be a different kind of site from our expectations. The second question uses a relational approach to urbanism to show that megasites were so different from other coeval settlements that they could justifiably be termed ‘cities'. The third question turns to the origins of sites that were indeed larger and earlier than the supposed first cities of Mesopotamia and whose development indicates that there were at least two pathways to early urbanism in Eurasia.

Transformation Opportunities Toward Knowledge-Based Urban Development and Its Challenges

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Aly Abdel Razek Galaby
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The Third ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
The World ◽  
Push Forward ◽  
Impact Assessment Methodology ◽  
The Impact

The current research discusses opportunities and challenges of knowledge-based urban development in Egypt, aims to monitor the actual opportunities provided by Egyptian policies for knowledge-based urban development, and highlights their most important challenges. The research relied on the impact assessment methodology, the opinion of some experts, analyzing secondary data, literature review, and statistical reports to track the paths of changes in knowledge-based development policies and their applications during the third millennium to reveal the most important challenges and constraints facing the experiences of knowledge cities and its precincts in the Egyptian society. The research concluded some recommendations to confront these challenges and push forward toward strengthening knowledge-based urban development in Egypt, based on what came from critical review f literature, theoretical perspectives, and policies and experiences of many countries of the world in this field.

The motif of ‘crossings’ in selected works by Azouz Begag

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-237
Author(s):  
Pat Duffy
Keyword(s):  
School System ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Immigrant Child ◽  
The Third ◽  
French Writer ◽  
The World ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Azouz Begag

The French writer of Algerian origin, Azouz Begag, has long been interested in the reception in France of those with immigrant origins. Their treatment often continues to be that reserved for the ‘visitor’, even several generations down the line. Yet these ‘outsiders’, who are not expected to ‘stay’, no longer identify with the country of their ancestors. Their life journeys become characterised by often delicate negotiations in order to be accepted. In the light of this situation, we examine three of Begag’s autofictional works. The first of these is Le Gone du Chaâba (1986), the text for which he gained celebrity. It explores the world of a young Algerian boy in France in the 1960s confronted with a Francocentric school system largely dismissive of the immigrant child. The second text, Le Marteau pique-cœur (2004) reveals an adult destabilised by the collapse of his marriage and the loss of his father, while the third, Salam Ouessant (2012), shows him on holiday with his two daughters and struggling with single status. All three texts share common concerns about reference points in life and all three are linked by numerous ‘crossings’ featuring various kinds of movement – physical, cultural, linguistic and transitional.

Conclusion—Periodizing Secularization

2019 ◽  
pp. 245-278
Author(s):  
Clive D. Field
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Religious Socialization ◽  
Religious Revival ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Six Dimensions ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Religious Crisis

Since most chapters contain individual summaries, they are not reproduced in the conclusion. Rather, there is a holistic overview of religious allegiance and churchgoing across seven micro-periods between 1880 and 1980, with reference to a hybrid measure of adult ‘active church adherence’ relative to population. This declined continuously and gradually, undermining arguments for ‘revolutionary’ secularization in the 1960s. A second section considers six dimensions of ‘diffusive religion’, a basket of alternative performance indicators cited by some scholars who contend religion has not declined but simply changed, moving away from institutional expressions. Such claims are not judged evidentially strong. The third section updates secularization’s historiography, critiquing previous work on the alleged religious crisis of 1890–1914, the religious impact of the world wars, and the so-called religious revival of the 1950s and crisis of the 1960s. The causation of secularization is discussed, and weakening Sabbatarianism and religious socialization of children are emphasized.

Epistemological Exercises: Encyclopedias of world cultural history in twentieth-century Japan

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
MIRIAM KINGSBERG KADIA
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Objective Knowledge ◽  
High Profile ◽  
The Third ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The World ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Cold War

Abstract Encyclopedias are purportedly all-encompassing, authoritative presentations of information compiled mainly by experts for an audience of non-specialists. Believed to offer only universal ‘facts’, they have long been associated with objectivity. Yet, by arranging information into a usable form, encyclopedias inevitably convey particular ideologies and ideals. As a result, they offer a lens into the changing ‘truths’ upheld by or expected of readers. This article compares three successive, high-profile Japanese encyclopedias, each bearing the title Sekai bunkashi taikei [Encyclopedia of world cultural history]. Somewhat differently from today, the field of world cultural history purported to ‘objectively’ cover the widest relevant space (earth) and time (the human past). However, the specific concerns and commitments of world cultural historians changed greatly between the 1920s, when the first encyclopedia was published, and the 1960s, when the final volumes of the third series appeared. By looking closely at both the production and consumption of these texts, this article shows the deeply politicized ways in which ‘objective’ knowledge of the world was interpreted, implemented, marketed, and received by the Japanese public during the years of nation-building, imperial expansionism, and the Cold War.

scholarly journals Eskimo Ice Cream and Kraft Dinner Goulash: The Cultural Geographies of Food in Three Cookbooks from the Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Postcolonial Theory ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
Anglican Church ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
Indigenous Representation ◽  
The World ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Insight Into

In this article, I explore three Northwest Territories (NWT) cookbooks from the 1960s. The first cookbook, a fundraiser for the Anglican Church in Inuvik, demonstrates the significance of traditional Indigenous food preparations, as well as the integration of imported recipes, adapted to draw resourcefully on northern store provisions of that time. Most, if not all, of the recipes are provided by Indigenous women. The second, published by the Daughters of the Midnight Sun in Yellowknife, is a hospital fundraiser that offers a different perspective - that of an emerging population of newcomers from elsewhere in Canada and the world. While the recipes attest to the diverse roots of settlers in a growing community, they also tell a story of exclusion: one cannot help but wonder at the lack of Indigenous representation among the recipe writers, in a community built within the traditional homelands of the Yellowknives Dene First Nation. The third, published by the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, offers tips to northern “wilderness wives” on nutrition along with recipes that are often out of touch with the availability of certain ingredients in northern communities. Drawing on feminist and postcolonial theory, I critique these cookbooks: analyzing both the recipes and the positionalities of their writers, to explore how the north was imagined by three different, often opposing, perspectives; and offering insight into (persistent) colonial geographies of food and community in the NWT.

Success and Failure

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Hammerborg
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
World War One ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Final Segment ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

The final section explores the successes and failures of twentieth-century Norwegian shipping, in attempt to determine why maritime businesses failed; to pinpoint turbulence in the industry; and to examine success alongside failure to better understand how new opportunities arose out of each. It is split into four sections; the first explores the differing approaches to shipping during the World War One boom in Haugesund, southwest Norway, through the case studies of two brothers who owned shipping companies - one that thrived and one that failed - and determines that their choices were limited and the fates of each firm difficult to overturn. The second is a case study of four shipping businesses that failed during the 1970s and the reasons for their failure, which, despite the market depression, was mostly due to internal decision-making and poor governance. The third is a quantitative analysis of company sizes between the 1960s and 1970s which, through a careful consideration of statistics, determines that larger companies were far more likely than small to survive the economic crisis. The final segment explores the growth of the deep-sea car-carrying business between 1960 and 2008, and finds that specialised tonnage and the successful transformation of shipping services in the twentieth century could keep maritime businesses afloat.

Insurgency and Counterinsurgency, 1961–1968

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregg A. Brazinsky
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Third World ◽  
Mao Zedong ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The Cold War

Even as the PRC sought to win over radical and neutralist Afro-Asian states through diplomacy, it also sought to gain prestige in the Third World by becoming a leader of revolutionary forces. The PRC befriended a diverse group of Afro-Asian and insurgents guerilla that espoused Maoist doctrines during the 1960s. They believed that doing so would help to spread Mao Zedong thought throughout the world, raising the status of both the PRC and its leader. America’s fear that insurgent victories in countries such as Vietnam, Thailand and the Congo would enhance Chinese prestige and legitimate Maoism played a key role in precipitating some of the most dramatic and costly instances of U.S. intervention of the Cold War.

Mohammad A. Qadeer. Urban Development in the Third World: Internal Dynamics of Lahore, Pakistan. New York: Praeger. 1983. xivx + 282 pp.

1984 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Faiz Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Third World ◽  
Comparative Statics ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
The Third ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
The World ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The City

Anyone who likes to analyse the world in terms of comparative statics would , in Ihe light of this book's contents. find his approach erroneous as the book leaves no doubt in the reader's mind that only by unfolding the forces of dynamics can one grasp some reality underlying any change. The author, who grew up in the walled city of Lahore, has, with a beautiful combination of his personal experiences and theorising ability, produced a remarkable study of the intricate processes which may have shaped the existing physical and socio-economic structures of the city.

Revisiting Fred W. Riggs’ Models in the Context of ‘Prismatic’ Societies Today

2021 ◽  
pp. 001955612110056
Author(s):  
Rumki Basu
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Third World ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Organisational Behaviour ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Administrative Structures ◽  
Different Parts

F. W. Riggs initiated seminal areas of enquiry and research right from the beginning of his journey as an author and a theorist in public administration. His lifetime publications testify to a search for an ‘authentic’ model for analysing the administrative structures and behaviour of developing countries since the 1960s. Riggs pursued what is known as the ‘ecological’ study of public administration which presumes that public administration, functioning in different environments, influences and is influenced by the environment in which it functions. Scholars of comparative public administration have long been familiar with the ‘fused– prismatic–diffracted model’, which was later reformulated by Riggs to exert enormous influence on the understanding of public administration and organisational behaviour in different parts of the world. In the wake of the tremendous transformation with diverse developmental strategies in the Third World and South Asia in particular, in the last fifty years, it becomes important to re-examine Riggs’ models both in the Indian and other developing country contexts today.

scholarly journals El balance de la independencia latinoamericana

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Ádám Anderle
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
The World ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
German Historian

This study is a historiographical overview of the literature of the Latin American wars of independence. It analyses the gains and losses, and poses the question: „has the world advanced" in the 200 years of independence? The first part of the article concentrates on the events of the wars of independence and the developments in the 19th century focusing on the works of Francisco Morales Padrón, Luis Navarro Garcia, Jose' Carlos Maridtegui, and the approach of the German historian Manfred Kossok. In the secondpart the author presents the question of subdesarrollo and dependencia. He discusses the different interpretations for insufficient progress from the positivist viewpoints to the assessment of the economists of the CEPAL. The novelty of this part is that it presents the results of the comparative analyses (Wittman, Pack, Zimdnyi) published in Hungarian historiography in the 1960s-1970s that revealed the similarities between the progress in Central-Eastern Europe and Latin America.

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