Sprinting Research and Spot Jogging Regulation: The State of Bioethics in Cameroon

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
GODFREY B. TANGWA ◽  
NCHANGWI SYNTIA MUNUNG
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
African Country ◽  
The State ◽  
Equatorial Guinea ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
The Republic

Cameroon is a Central African country lying at latitude 6°N and longitude 12°E. The country has a surface area of circa 475,442 square kilometers, and is bordered by several other African countries: Nigeria, Chad, the Central African Republic, the Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon. With a population of nearly 20 million inhabitants, Cameroon is a very diverse country, geographically, culturally, and linguistically.

Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Schneider ◽  
Vanessa Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Central African Republic ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Equatorial Guinea ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Strategic Location ◽  
The Republic

Cameroon is found in Central Africa and is bordered by Nigeria, Chad, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of Congo. Due to its strategic location, Cameroon is the maritime gateway for commercial goods to the landlocked region of Central Africa (Chad, Central African Republic, and northern Congo). It has an area of 475,442 square kilometres (km) and has a population of 23.4 million inhabitants. Its capital is Yaoundé, but the largest city in terms of population and economic importance is Douala, where the main seaport and the busiest airport of Cameroon, Douala International Airport, are found. The autonomous port of Douala represents 80–85 per cent of the maritime transport of Cameroon and is the largest port in the CEMAC (Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa). A secondary airport is found in Yaoundé, the Yaoundé Nsimalen International Airport.

scholarly journals The Contribution of the International Organization of Francophonie in Cultural Matter in the Republic of Congo from 1981 to 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-362
Author(s):  
Hortense Kouya Kouya ◽  
Dominique Oba
Keyword(s):  
International Organization ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Intergovernmental Organization ◽  
International Body ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Heads Of State

Colonization has had a lasting impact on African life. This movement instilled a new culture within these colonies. Among these African countries is the Congo. On the whole, these countries have experienced some disputes near where it was a question of meeting around an international body which is none other than the Francophonie for the countries or states colonized by France. It is in this sense that under the leadership of three African Heads of State,Léopold Sédar Senghor from Senegal, Habib Bourguiba from Tunisia and Hamani Diori from Niger, and of Prince Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia, the representatives of 21 states and governments signed in Niamey, on March 20, 1970, the convention establishing the Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation (ACCT). New intergovernmental organization based on the sharing of a common language, French. The Congo being colonized by France adheres to the International Organization of Francophonie on December 7 to 9, 1981, during the general conference held in Libreville, Gabon. And the Congolese government has come to understand that ensuring a better vision on culture and politics can lead the Congo to sustainable development. Hence the need for the Congolese state to cooperate with the International Organization of Francophonie for better visibility for the cultural and political promotion of the country. This is what the subject of our study is: the contribution of the OIF in cultural and political matters in the Republic of Congo from 1981 to 2016. 

First record of the Dollman’s tree mouse (Prionomys batesi; Mammalia: Nesomyidae) in the Republic of Congo and additional description of this rare Central African rodent

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1318 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
CHRISTIANE DENYS ◽  
MARC COLYN ◽  
VIOLAINE NICOLAS
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
First Record ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time

We present new data on the poorly known rodent Prionomys batesi Dollman, 1910. Recently, five specimens of this species were collected in Odzala National Park, which represent the first record of this species in Republic of Congo. These new captures, combined with the preparation of 15 specimens from Central African Republic allowed us to complete the morphological description of the species as well as, for the first time, to document intraspecific variability. This species is actually known from three countries (Cameroon, Central African Republic and Republic of Congo) and four localities (Bitye, Obala, La Maboké and Odzala). It seems to be restricted to areas of forest-savannah mosaic where the forest is actually colonising the savannah.

Gabon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Schneider ◽  
Vanessa Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Central Africa ◽  
Economic Capital ◽  
Equatorial Guinea ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
The Republic

Gabon is located in central Africa. It is bordered by Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, and the Republic of Congo. A sparsely populated country covered at 85 per cent of its territory with forests, Gabon has a population of 1.7 million over a territory of 26,000 square kilometres (km). The population is highly urbanized, with more than four in five Gabonese living in the cities. The capital Libreville and Port-Gentil, the economic capital of the country hosts 59 per cent of the population. The official language of Gabon is French, and the currency used is the CFA.

scholarly journals RESISTANCE CORRUPTION IN KENYA

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Yuri Vladimirovich Truntsevsky
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
African Country ◽  
State Power ◽  
The State ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Exchange Of Information ◽  
Interagency Cooperation ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Republic

To consolidate the efforts of society and the state, to implement the National anti - corruption plan for 2018-2020 in our country, the experience of foreign countries in the field of anti-corruption is of interest. The Republic of Kenya has legislative and institutional examples. The results of the study showed that this African country has a stable anti-corruption regulatory framework, the presence of a successfully functioning anti-corruption body, the desire of the country's leadership to improve all institutions of state power in order to continue to reduce corruption in the country. However, a survey of the population of Kenya showed a number of unresolved problems in the area under consideration. This requires further reflection and development of measures to improve the effectiveness of the state anti-corruption policy. This is especially required in education and public administration. In Kenya, it is planned to strengthen interagency cooperation on exchange of information; to revise anti-corruption legislation to strengthen the penalties; to create a special anti-corruption courts, which will accelerate the decision of questions of fight against corruption and unethical behavior.

Colonialism in West Central Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Bernault
Keyword(s):  
Central African Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
The Republic ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

The article considers a large region comprising Chad, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Gabon, the Republic of Congo, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, and Equatorial Guinea.1 From the 1880s onwards, Central Africa was colonized by Spanish, French, German, Belgian, and Portuguese powers. Here Africans generally suffered a harsher kind of rule than in West Africa, as colonialism brought little capital and investments, and imposed brutal forms of extractive economy. Foreign powers, moreover, proved reluctant to dialogue with African elites. Yet, the colonial era was also a moment when Central Africans initiated radical political revolutions and capacious social changes, achieving independence in the 1960s and 1970s. Throughout the period under consideration, moreover, important cultural creations in the form of music, popular painting, photography, and fashion became influential in the rest of Africa and beyond.

scholarly journals Adenovirus Infections in African Humans and Wild Non-Human Primates: Great Diversity and Cross-Species Transmission

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
Hacène Medkour ◽  
Inestin Amona ◽  
Jean Akiana ◽  
Bernard Davoust ◽  
Idir Bitam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papio Hamadryas ◽  
Zoonotic Transmission ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Species Barrier ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Human Sample ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Papio Papio

Non-human primates (NHPs) are known hosts for adenoviruses (AdVs), so there is the possibility of the zoonotic or cross-species transmission of AdVs. As with humans, AdV infections in animals can cause diseases that range from asymptomatic to fatal. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and diversity of AdVs in: (i) fecal samples of apes and monkeys from different African countries (Republic of Congo, Senegal, Djibouti and Algeria), (ii) stool of humans living near gorillas in the Republic of Congo, in order to explore the potential zoonotic risks. Samples were screened by real-time and standard PCRs, followed by the sequencing of the partial DNA polymerase gene in order to identify the AdV species. The prevalence was 3.3 folds higher in NHPs than in humans. More than 1/3 (35.8%) of the NHPs and 1/10 (10.5%) of the humans excreted AdVs in their feces. The positive rate was high in great apes (46%), with a maximum of 54.2% in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and 35.9% in gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), followed by monkeys (25.6%), with 27.5% in Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) and 23.1% in baboons (seven Papio papio and six Papio hamadryas). No green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus) were found to be positive for AdVs. The AdVs detected in NHPs were members of Human mastadenovirus E (HAdV-E), HAdV-C or HAdV-B, and those in the humans belonged to HAdV-C or HAdV-D. HAdV-C members were detected in both gorillas and humans, with evidence of zoonotic transmission since phylogenetic analysis revealed that gorilla AdVs belonging to HAdV-C were genetically identical to strains detected in humans who had been living around gorillas, and, inversely, a HAdV-C member HAdV type was detected in gorillas. This confirms the gorilla-to-human transmission of adenovirus. which has been reported previously. In addition, HAdV-E members, the most often detected here, are widely distributed among NHP species regardless of their origin, i.e., HAdV-E members seem to lack host specificity. Virus isolation was successful from a human sample and the strain of the Mbo024 genome, of 35 kb, that was identified as belonging to HAdV-D, exhibited close identity to HAdV-D members for all genes. This study provides information on the AdVs that infect African NHPs and the human populations living nearby, with an evident zoonotic transmission. It is likely that AdVs crossed the species barrier between different NHP species (especially HAdV-E members), between NHPs and humans (especially HAdV-C), but also between humans, NHPs and other animal species.

Taxonomic study of some Afrotropical erythroneurine leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4860 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-351
Author(s):  
YANGHUI CAO ◽  
CHRISTOPHER H. DIETRICH ◽  
DMITRY A. DMITRIEV ◽  
YALIN ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Taxonomic Study ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
The Republic

Six Afrotropical genera of the leafhopper tribe Erythroneurini are redescribed and two new genera, Laminaris gen. nov. and Projecta gen. nov. are established. Sixteen new species are described and illustrated: Laminaris angusta sp. nov., Laminaris cuspidatima sp. nov., Laminaris serrata sp. nov., Laminaris tenuis sp. nov., Projecta auriculata sp. nov., Projecta brevis sp. nov., Projecta depressa sp. nov., Projecta draciformis sp. nov., Accacidia obunca sp. nov., Imbecilla bifurca sp. nov., Imbecilla spinalis sp. nov., Lublinia anchoroides sp. nov., Molopopterus hastata sp. nov., Molopopterus ugandica sp. nov., Lamtoana exigua sp. nov. and Nsesa cameroonica sp. nov. Nsesa Dworakowska, 1974 is newly recorded from Cameroon; Nsimbala Dworakowska, 1974 and Szymczakowskia Dworakowska, 1974 from the Central African Republic; Lublinia Dworakowska, 1970, Lamtoana Dworakowska, 1972 and Ivorycoasta Dworakowska, 1972 from the Republic of Congo. Keys to species of the genera Accacidia Dworakowska, Imbecilla Dworakowska, Lublinia Dworakowska, Molopopterus Jacobi, Lamtoana Dworakowska and Nsesa Dworakowska are also given. 

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