scholarly journals The Contribution of the International Organization of Francophonie in Cultural Matter in the Republic of Congo from 1981 to 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-362
Author(s):  
Hortense Kouya Kouya ◽  
Dominique Oba
Keyword(s):  
International Organization ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Intergovernmental Organization ◽  
International Body ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Heads Of State

Colonization has had a lasting impact on African life. This movement instilled a new culture within these colonies. Among these African countries is the Congo. On the whole, these countries have experienced some disputes near where it was a question of meeting around an international body which is none other than the Francophonie for the countries or states colonized by France. It is in this sense that under the leadership of three African Heads of State,Léopold Sédar Senghor from Senegal, Habib Bourguiba from Tunisia and Hamani Diori from Niger, and of Prince Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia, the representatives of 21 states and governments signed in Niamey, on March 20, 1970, the convention establishing the Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation (ACCT). New intergovernmental organization based on the sharing of a common language, French. The Congo being colonized by France adheres to the International Organization of Francophonie on December 7 to 9, 1981, during the general conference held in Libreville, Gabon. And the Congolese government has come to understand that ensuring a better vision on culture and politics can lead the Congo to sustainable development. Hence the need for the Congolese state to cooperate with the International Organization of Francophonie for better visibility for the cultural and political promotion of the country. This is what the subject of our study is: the contribution of the OIF in cultural and political matters in the Republic of Congo from 1981 to 2016. 

scholarly journals The Republic of Kazakhstan: Initiator Of The Organization Of Turkic States

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teoman Ertuğrul Tulun
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
International Organization ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Heads Of State ◽  
Distinguished Member

The Cooperation Council of Turkic Speaking States (Turkic Council) was founded on October 3, 2009, in Nakhchivan as an international organization to promote comprehensive cooperation among the Turkic States. The founding members of the Organization of Turkic States are Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkey. The Organization of Turkic States was founded in November 2021 in the Turkic Council's 8th Summit in Istanbul. In this context, it is possible to say that the Organization of Turkic States has been the culmination of the "Heads of State Summits of Turkish Speaking Countries" since 1992. Kazakhstan is a distinguished member of the Organization of Turkic States. The stability and peace of Kazakhstan is of foremost importance not only in the context of Central Asia but also in terms of security and stability for the Turkic world. In this context, the developments that caused turmoil in Kazakhstan are closely followed by the Organization of Turkic States. We wish that the coming days will bring peace, tranquility and stability to Kazakhstan.

scholarly journals Adenovirus Infections in African Humans and Wild Non-Human Primates: Great Diversity and Cross-Species Transmission

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
Hacène Medkour ◽  
Inestin Amona ◽  
Jean Akiana ◽  
Bernard Davoust ◽  
Idir Bitam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papio Hamadryas ◽  
Zoonotic Transmission ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Species Barrier ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Human Sample ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Papio Papio

Non-human primates (NHPs) are known hosts for adenoviruses (AdVs), so there is the possibility of the zoonotic or cross-species transmission of AdVs. As with humans, AdV infections in animals can cause diseases that range from asymptomatic to fatal. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and diversity of AdVs in: (i) fecal samples of apes and monkeys from different African countries (Republic of Congo, Senegal, Djibouti and Algeria), (ii) stool of humans living near gorillas in the Republic of Congo, in order to explore the potential zoonotic risks. Samples were screened by real-time and standard PCRs, followed by the sequencing of the partial DNA polymerase gene in order to identify the AdV species. The prevalence was 3.3 folds higher in NHPs than in humans. More than 1/3 (35.8%) of the NHPs and 1/10 (10.5%) of the humans excreted AdVs in their feces. The positive rate was high in great apes (46%), with a maximum of 54.2% in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and 35.9% in gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), followed by monkeys (25.6%), with 27.5% in Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) and 23.1% in baboons (seven Papio papio and six Papio hamadryas). No green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus) were found to be positive for AdVs. The AdVs detected in NHPs were members of Human mastadenovirus E (HAdV-E), HAdV-C or HAdV-B, and those in the humans belonged to HAdV-C or HAdV-D. HAdV-C members were detected in both gorillas and humans, with evidence of zoonotic transmission since phylogenetic analysis revealed that gorilla AdVs belonging to HAdV-C were genetically identical to strains detected in humans who had been living around gorillas, and, inversely, a HAdV-C member HAdV type was detected in gorillas. This confirms the gorilla-to-human transmission of adenovirus. which has been reported previously. In addition, HAdV-E members, the most often detected here, are widely distributed among NHP species regardless of their origin, i.e., HAdV-E members seem to lack host specificity. Virus isolation was successful from a human sample and the strain of the Mbo024 genome, of 35 kb, that was identified as belonging to HAdV-D, exhibited close identity to HAdV-D members for all genes. This study provides information on the AdVs that infect African NHPs and the human populations living nearby, with an evident zoonotic transmission. It is likely that AdVs crossed the species barrier between different NHP species (especially HAdV-E members), between NHPs and humans (especially HAdV-C), but also between humans, NHPs and other animal species.

Sprinting Research and Spot Jogging Regulation: The State of Bioethics in Cameroon

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
GODFREY B. TANGWA ◽  
NCHANGWI SYNTIA MUNUNG
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
African Country ◽  
The State ◽  
Equatorial Guinea ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
The Republic

Cameroon is a Central African country lying at latitude 6°N and longitude 12°E. The country has a surface area of circa 475,442 square kilometers, and is bordered by several other African countries: Nigeria, Chad, the Central African Republic, the Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon. With a population of nearly 20 million inhabitants, Cameroon is a very diverse country, geographically, culturally, and linguistically.

scholarly journals UZBEKISTAN AND THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA: HISTORY MEETS AT THE HIGHEST LEVEL

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammadbobur TURAXODJAEV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Level ◽  
Heads Of State

The article is devoted to the history of high-level meetings, in it, in chronological order, the visits of the heads of state are considered. The author analyzes the results of the meetings, highlights the current state and main trends in the field of trade, economic and technical cooperation between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Korea. The article emphasizes that relations between Uzbekistan and South Korea have grown into a strategic partnership, bilateral relations are developing in political, trade, economic, investment, cultural, humanitarian and other spheres.

L'Organisation commune africaine et malgache

1968 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-425
Author(s):  
Albert Ekue
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Heads Of State ◽  
Upper Volta

The O.C.A.M. Charter was signed on 27 June 1966 in Tananarive by the Heads of State of the following 14 countries: the Federal Republic of Cameroun, the Central African Republic, the Republic of Congo–Brazzayule, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Dahomey, Gabon, Upper Volta, Madagascar, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Chad, and Togo.

Ebola response in the Republic of Congo

Waterlines ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Visser
Keyword(s):  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
The Republic

Creative Reconstruction: A Systematic Approach to Reinventing Large Cities in Democratic Republic of Congo

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1485-1497
Author(s):  
Mia Nsokimieno Misilu Eric
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Capital City ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Current State ◽  
Legacy Cities

The current state of large cities in Democratic Republic of Congo highlights the necessity of reinventing cities. More than fifty years after the independence, these major cities, like Kinshasa the capital city, are in a state of are in a state of disrepair. They are damaged, dysfunctional, and more vulnerable. Today, these legacy cities do not meet the international requirements of livable cities. Democratic Republic of Congo faces the challenge of rebuilding its cities for sustainability. The movement for independence of African countries enabled the shift from colonial cities to legacy cities. It is important to understand the cultural and ideological foundations of colonial city. Commonly, colonial cities served as purpose-built settlements for the extraction and transport of mineral resources toward Europe. What's required is a creative reconstruction to achieve a desired successful urban change. Creative reconstruction tends to ensure urban transformation in relation with urbanization, by making continuous and healthy communities. Creative reconstruction seems appropriate way of building back cities in harmony with cultural values. The article provides a framework for urban regeneration. The study is based on principle of thinking globally and acting locally in building back better cities.

Zur Pragmatik und Grammatik der Wissenschaftskommunikation. Ein Modellierungsvorschlag

Fachsprache ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 36-60
Author(s):  
Mathilde Hennig ◽  
Dániel Czicza
Keyword(s):  
Language Variation ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Passive Voice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Communication In Science

The article aims to examine grammatical features and pragmatic concerns of communicating in the sciences. In the research of certain languages, it became common to explaingrammatical features such as the usage of passive voice and nominal structures by communication requirements such as objectivity and precision. With the assumption that communication in science is designed to help gain and spread new insight, the authors tried to integrate several approaches to pragmatic and grammatical features of communication. By discussing the relationship between the grammar of certain languages and of the corresponding common language, the article also places the subject of communication in the sciences in the discipline of language variation.

Suspected acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome in the Republic of Congo

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
A C de Benoist
Keyword(s):  
Gold Mining ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
The Republic

On 12 June 2002, the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Congo reported six suspected cases, including five deaths, of acute haemorrhagic fever syndrome in Mbomo district, near the Gabonese border (1). The first cases occurred in a group of people who had been working in a gold mining camp in a forest south of Oloba. It seems that they may have been exposed to the same source, a chimpanzee found dead in the forest.

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