The evolution process and the cause of the spatial distribution of cinemas in the Shanghai settlements (1919–1943)

Urban History ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Weiqing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
The City ◽  
Density Population

Abstract In the first decades of the twentieth century, Shanghai became China's most important film centre, for both production and distribution. The city hosted the largest number of movie theatres in the country. After the establishment of the first theatre in 1908 by a Spanish national, the distribution of movie theatres gradually transferred and expanded from Hongkew District, north of Suzhou Creek to the south bank of the International Settlement. This article examines the characteristics of the distribution of movie theatres in the city from the perspective of authorities’ policy, population density, population structure, traffic and cultural space. It analyses the factors leading to the particular geographical distribution and discusses the possible links between the space of cinema, urban development and urban cultural space.

scholarly journals The Zoning Map and American City Form

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven T. Moga
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Visual Communication ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
American City ◽  
Planning Practice ◽  
Common Mode ◽  
Municipal Policy ◽  
The Past ◽  
The City

This paper investigates a common mode of visual communication in planning practice, the use of maps to regulate urban development. Holding equal legal status with the text, the zoning map was invented in the early twentieth century as a tool for implementing municipal policy and, although debated, modified, and sometimes repurposed over the past nine decades, it remains standard. Mundane and largely taken for granted, the zoning map itself has aroused little scholarly interest. However, as an image of the city and as a graphic intermediary used in administrative processes, it reveals how planning thought is embedded in planning tools.

scholarly journals Geographic distribution and conservation status of Eulychnia ritteri Cullmann (Cactaceae), an endemic cactus from southern Peru

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. e19290
Author(s):  
Gregory Anthony Pauca-Tanco ◽  
Margarita Balvin ◽  
Paul Hoxey ◽  
Víctor Quipuscoa ◽  
Johana del Pilar Quispe-Turpo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Local Fauna ◽  
Populations At Risk

Eulychnia ritteri is endemic to Peru, restricted to the northern coast of the department of Arequipa. The lack of knowledge of this species, and threats such as human activities and climate change, put the populations at risk. In this research, we examined the geographical distribution and conservation status of E. ritteri in the coastal area of the Caravelí province. In addition, the population structure and phenology in the Quebrada Vizcachani population were evaluated using plots of 10x100 m. Data on the accompanying flora and local fauna were also obtained. Eulychnia ritteri showed five populations distributed from 15°43’ to 15°47’S, with a total area of 63.62 ha (0.63 km2). The Quebrada Vizcachani population is the largest (24.5 ha) and the Cementerio population the smallest (0.018 ha). The population density evaluated is 0.06 ind/m2, where seedlings, juveniles, adults, and dead plants were 3.61, 24.09, 56.63 and 15.67% respectively. The phenology was asynchronous, the flower buds, flowers and fruits appear in the same period. The flowers and fruits were food for insects and rodents respectively, and 18 accompanying species have been recorded. Finally, E. ritteri is categorised as endangered (EN), given its geographical distribution and identified threats.

scholarly journals Surname affinity in Santiago, Chile: A network-based approach that uncovers urban segregation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244372
Author(s):  
Naim Bro ◽  
Marcelo Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
High Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Socioeconomic Index ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The City

Based on a geocoded registry of more than four million residents of Santiago, Chile, we build two surname-based networks that reveal the city’s population structure. The first network is formed from paternal and maternal surname pairs. The second network is formed from the isonymic distances between the city’s neighborhoods. These networks uncover the city’s main ethnic groups and their spatial distribution. We match the networks to a socioeconomic index, and find that surnames of high socioeconomic status tend to cluster, be more diverse, and occupy a well-defined quarter of the city. The results are suggestive of a high degree of urban segregation in Santiago.

scholarly journals Urban Vitality Evaluation and Spatial Correlation Research: A Case Study from Shanghai, China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1195
Author(s):  
Jiangang Shi ◽  
Wei Miao ◽  
Hongyun Si ◽  
Ting Liu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Spatial Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Primary Driver ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Development Evaluation ◽  
Effective Decision Making ◽  
The City

Urban vitality is the primary driver of urban development. However, assessing urban vitality has always been a challenge. This paper builds on the research framework of sustainable development evaluation and selects evaluation indicators from the three systems of urban operation: economy, society, and environment. The deviation maximization (DM) method is used to evaluate urban vitality. Shanghai is then used as a case study for evaluation, and the comprehensive index of urban vitality is calculated for the city from 2010 to 2019. The evaluation results indicate that the urban vitality of Shanghai experienced a significant upward trend over ten years (2010–2019), which shows that the urban competitiveness of Shanghai is constantly strengthening. Next, the study focuses on the administrative region of Shanghai, to calculate the regional vitality level of Shanghai from 2010 to 2019 and to explore its spatial distribution characteristics. Then, a spatial autocorrelation analysis is used to explore the mechanism that affects the spatial distribution of urban vitality. The results demonstrate that the urban vitality in Shanghai shows a significant positive correlation in space. Moreover, there is a “High–High” gathering area, which includes Huangpu, Xuhui, Hongkou, and Changning in central area of Shanghai. This research provides a theoretical reference to support effective decision-making with respect to high-quality urban development.

scholarly journals High treason. The activity of The Communist Party of Western Belarus in Vilnius in 1930–1935

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-93
Author(s):  
SERGIUSZ ŁUKASIEWICZ
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
The City ◽  
Grand Duchy

The purpose of this paper is to attempt to explain the activities of the Communist Party of Western Belarus in Vilnius during the fi rst half of the thirties of the twentieth century. The author’s aim is to show the organisation, theory and practice of this illegal party. Further-more, the intention is to present the activities of Vilnius police towards communist sym-pathizers and activists. Founded in 1923 in Vilnius, the Communist Party of Western Belaruswas a branch of The Communist Party of Poland. This organization like the polish communist party was illegal. Its aim was to combat the Polish state and to perform electioneering for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Although the name of the party could indicate a desire for independence of Belarus, in practice it was for the removal of the north eastern provinces of the Second Republic of Poland to the USSR. CPWB activity had a special dimension in Vilnius. As the region’s largest city and former capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vilnus was home for many nations, religions and cultures. Moreover, Vil-nius was the most important fi eld for communist action. Given the number of inhabitants, industrialized multi-ethnic character, communists had the opportunity to develop wide subversive and conspiratorial work. In addition, the city was the great centre of production and distribution of communist publications, which allowed the spread of propaganda in both its administrative boundaries and in the Vilnius Voivodeship.

“Actual Center of Detroit”: Method, Management, and Decentralization in Albert Kahn's General Motors Building

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Abrahamson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
General Motors ◽  
Corporate Management ◽  
Architectural Practice ◽  
The City

In the period 1919–22, two events catalyzed General Motors’ nascent dominance in the automotive industry: the company built a monumental headquarters in Detroit, designed by Albert Kahn Associates and located on what was then the periphery of the city; and a restructuring of the corporation was enacted at the behest of several newly appointed executives, including Alfred P. Sloan. In “Actual Center of Detroit”: Method, Management, and Decentralization in Albert Kahn's General Motors Building, Michael Abrahamson explores the conjunction between these events, arguing that both manifest a struggle with immense size. To cope with the bigness of buildings, corporations, and urban environments, GM and the Kahn firm developed strategies that set the agenda for architectural practice, corporate management, and urban development for the twentieth-century United States. Together, these strategies reveal the entwined forces that influenced the design of the General Motors Building.

scholarly journals Frequency and spatial distribution of animal and object hoarder behavior in Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziela Ribeiro da Cunha ◽  
Camila Marinelli Martins ◽  
Marília de Fátima Ceccon-Valente ◽  
Liana Ludielli da Silva ◽  
Flavia Dias Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Spatial Cluster ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
The North ◽  
Neighborhood Income ◽  
Overall Ratio ◽  
The City

Abstract: This study aimed to establish the frequency and spatial distribution of animal and object hoarding in Curitiba (Paraná State), the eighth most populous city in Brazil. All hoarding complaints received by the City Secretaries of Health, Environment and Social Assistance between September 2013 and April 2015 were collected (n = 226) and suspicious cases were individually investigated. A total of 113/226 (50%) of complaints were confirmed as hoarding cases, representing an overall ratio of 6.45 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in Curitiba, of which 48/113 (42.5%) involved object hoarders, 41/113 (36.3%) animal hoarders and 24/113 (21.2%) both animal and object hoarders. A correlation of total identified cases with neighborhood population density and all population stratums analyzed (total, gender, age) was significantly positive (p < 0.01), and with neighborhood mean monthly income (r = -0.2; p = 0.03) significantly negative. A spatial cluster of cases was found in the north of the city (OR = 8.57; p < 0.01). Hoarding cases were relatively frequent in Curitiba and were associated with population distribution patterns and inversely related to neighborhood income.

scholarly journals An Improved Method of Determining Human Population Distribution Based on Luojia 1-01 Nighttime Light Imagery and Road Network Data—A Case Study of the City of Shenzhen

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 5032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhou ◽  
Yuanmao Zheng ◽  
Jinyuan Shao ◽  
Yinglun Lin ◽  
Haowei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Nighttime Light ◽  
The City

Previously published studies on population distribution were based on the provincial level, while the number of urban-level studies is more limited. In addition, the rough spatial resolution of traditional nighttime light (NTL) data has limited their fine application in current small-scale population distribution research. For the purpose of studying the spatial distribution of populations at the urban scale, we proposed a new index (i.e., the road network adjusted human settlement index, RNAHSI) by integrating Luojia 1-01 (LJ 1-01) NTL data, the enhanced vegetation index (EVI), and road network density (RND) data based on population density relationships to depict the spatial distribution of urban human settlements. The RNAHSI updated the high-resolution NTL data and combined the RND data on the basis of human settlement index (HSI) data to refine the spatial pattern of urban population distribution. The results indicated that the mean relative error (MRE) between the population estimation data based on the RNAHSI and the demographic data was 34.80%, which was lower than that in the HSI and WorldPop dataset. This index is suitable primarily for the study of urban population distribution, as the RNAHSI can clearly highlight human activities in areas with dense urban road networks and can refine the spatial heterogeneity of impervious areas. In addition, we also drew a population density map of the city of Shenzhen with a 100 m spatial resolution for 2018 based on the RNAHSI, which has great reference significance for urban management and urban resource allocation.

scholarly journals Using GIS methods to analyse the spatial distribution and public accessibility of pharmacies in Craiova city, Romania

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (45) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
Cristiana Vîlcea ◽  
Sorin Avram
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Uneven Distribution ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sector ◽  
Geographical Analysis ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Gis Methods ◽  
The City

AbstractThe present study represents a social and geographical analysis of the spatial distribution of pharmacies in Craiova city using GIS methods. This study aims to present the evolution in the pharmacies’ number, location, density and accessibility to the population of Craiova city on the background of an analysis of European and national legislation concerning the pharmaceutical sector. The paper also outlines the uneven distribution of pharmacies in the city by analysing the ratio between the number of pharmacies and the number of people within a district. Distance and time are considered important, especially when using different transport types. Indicators like density of pharmacies, distribution of population density, and population size in districts were taken into account in this study. Although the GIS-based analysis revealed that accessibility of pharmacies in terms of time and distance and the ratio of population size to number of pharmacies were both good and had increased over the years, the study also indicated residential areas with no pharmacy, and therefore an uneven distribution of pharmaceutical services.

VENETIANS REVIVALS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY: EXAMPLES OF NEO-MEDIEVALIST ARCHITECTURE IN THE RIO DEL GAFFARO AREA

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Silvia Mazzetto
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Urban Fabric ◽  
Thin Line ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

This paper presents some examples of architectural revivals created by a promising Venetian architect at the beginning of the twentieth century, in a marginal area of the city of Venice known as Rio del Gaffaro that was subjected to an intense phenomenon of redevelopment and urban development, following the construction of new road and rail links to the mainland. The original hypotheses for the evolution of the lagunar city, proposed by their author, use an innovative compositional syntax that becomes the thin line of division between traditionally antagonistic references such as classicism and modernism, or orientalism and localism, in some of the best examples of neo-medievalist revival in early 20th century Venice. In particular, the use of historical reference in the composition of the new architectural forms establishes an intense, but quiet and pacific dialogue between the ancient and the modern. In this comparison, all interruptions between past and present are removed, not only in the composition of the residential architectural cell but also in the formation of the new urban fabric into which it is inserted. This way of reinventing history was to open the way for many subsequent readings and interpretations by other Venetian architects. 

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