scholarly journals Age and premorbid intelligence suppress complaint–performance congruency in raw score measures of memory

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt R. Merema ◽  
Craig P. Speelman ◽  
Elizabeth A. Kaczmarek ◽  
Jonathan K. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Memory Functioning ◽  
Premorbid Intelligence ◽  
Adult Reading ◽  
National Adult Reading Test ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTBackground:We aimed to examine the role of age and premorbid intelligence (IQ) in suppressing the relationship between subjective memory complaints (SMCs) and raw score memory performance.Methods:We used a community sample of older adults aged 66–90 years (N= 121) to test whether the inclusion of age and a premorbid IQ measure in multiple regression analyses increased semipartial correlations of raw score memory performance in predicting SMCs. Rank contrast correlations were also carried out to observe how age and premorbid IQ are related to complaint–performance congruency. Measures utilized in the study included the Memory Functioning Questionnaire (for SMCs), Visual Reproduction and Logical Memory Subtests (memory performance), and the National Adult Reading Test (premorbid IQ).Results:Inclusion of age and premorbid IQ in the multiple regression analyses increased semipartial correlations for all raw score measures of memory. Both age and premorbid IQ were significantly related to complaint–performance congruency, whereby older participants and those with lower premorbid IQ scores rated their memory abilities more leniently than younger and higher premorbid IQ participants.Conclusion:The results suggest differences in age and premorbid IQ play a small role in suppressing the relationship between SMCs and memory performance when utilizing raw score measures of memory.

Relationship Between Spirituality and Distress in Ascetics

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110434
Author(s):  
Rudra B. Bhandari ◽  
Nidhi Chaudhry ◽  
Sarita Devi
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Spiritual Intelligence ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Psychosomatic Health ◽  
Spirituality And Health ◽  
Medical Index ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health Questionnaires

The relation between spirituality and health has been argued for decades. The study aimed to ascertain the extent and nature of the relationship between spirituality quantified in terms of Spiritual Intelligence (SI) and distress in ascetics. Sixty-three Hindu ascetics aged 31.3 ± 6.6 years were sampled from Patanjali Yogpeeth, India. Participants’ distress and spiritual levels were measured by using the Cornell Medical Index Health Questionnaires (CMHIQs) and Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory-24 (SISRI-24), respectively. Multiple regression analyses showed an insignificant negative relationship between SI and distress implying SI as a predictor of psychosomatic health.

Estimation of Premorbid Intelligence in Schizophrenia

1992 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Crawford ◽  
J. A. O. Besson ◽  
M. Bremner ◽  
K. P. Ebmeier ◽  
R. H. B. Cochrane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Premorbid Intelligence ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Adult Reading ◽  
Valid Estimate ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽  
National Adult Reading Test

To determine whether the National Adult Reading Test (NART) would provide a valid estimate of premorbid intelligence in schizophrenia, two schizophrenic samples were recruited, one consisting of 35 patients resident in long-stay wards, the other of 29 patients normally resident in the community. Schizophrenic patients were individually matched for age, sex, and education with a healthy, normal subject. Both schizophrenic samples scored significantly lower on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) than their respective control groups. NART-estimated IQ did not differ significantly between the community-resident schizophrenics and their controls, suggesting that the NART provides a valid means of estimating premorbid intelligence in such a population. NART-estimated IQ was significantly lower in the long-stay sample than in their controls. Although low NART scores in this latter sample could be a valid reflection of low premorbid IQ, the alternative explanation that NART performance was impaired by onset of the disease cannot be ruled out.

scholarly journals The Relationship between User Perception and Preference of Greenway Trail Characteristics in Urban Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junga Lee ◽  
Hyung-Sook Lee ◽  
Daeyoung Jeong ◽  
C. Scott Shafer ◽  
Jinhyung Chon
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
User Perception ◽  
Virtual Tour ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vegetation Water ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Water Amount

Greenways provide multiple benefits for trail users’ individual experiences based on users’ background environment and their perceptions of characteristics such as the trail width, vegetation, water, and facilities. Although greenway trail characteristics are important factors that affect users’ preferences, only a few studies have examined individuals’ experiences of greenways based on their perceptions and preferences. The purpose of this study is to examine how greenway trails can be designed to improve users’ experiences in relation to their perceptions and preferences by considering trail characteristics. We examine the relationship between greenway trail characteristics and likability using t-tests as well as correlation and multiple regression analyses. In the current study, virtual tour surveys of greenway users were conducted, with two urban greenway trails as the study sites: Town Lake Trail in Austin, Texas, and Buffalo Bayou Trail in Houston, Texas. Perceptions of all eight greenway trail characteristics, except for background buildings, were significantly different between the trails, and a significant difference in likability was found for five characteristics (the presence of water, trail facilities, trail width, adjacent automobile traffic, and built structures on the trail). In addition, the results of the correlation and multiple regression analyses revealed that the presence of water, amount of vegetation, automobile traffic, and built structures were correlated with likability. These findings suggest that designing appropriate types of greenway trails can help increase users’ likeability ratings of urban greenways. This study contributes to the enhancement of trail environments by providing strategies for practitioners to effectively design and manage greenways.

scholarly journals Survey of the effects of internet usage on the happiness of Japanese university students

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Momoko Kitazawa ◽  
Michitaka Yoshimura ◽  
Hidefumi Hitokoto ◽  
Yuka Sato-Fujimoto ◽  
Mayu Murata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Japanese People ◽  
Japanese University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Besides research on psychiatric diseases related to problematic Internet use (PIU), a growing number of studies focus on the impact of Internet on subjective well-being (SWB). However, in previous studies on the relationship between PIU and SWB, there is little data for Japanese people specifically, and there is a lack of consideration for differences in perception of happiness due to cultural differences. Therefore, we aimed to clarify how happiness is interdependent on PIU measures, with a focus on how the concept of happiness is interpreted among Japanese people, and specifically among Japanese university students. Methods A paper-based survey was conducted with 1258 Japanese university students. Respondents were asked to fill out self-report scales regarding their happiness using the Interdependent Happiness Scale (IHS). The relationship between IHS and Internet use (Japanese version of the Internet addiction test, JIAT), use of social networking services, as well as social function and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI) were sought using multiple regression analyses. Results Based on multiple regression analyses, the following factors related positively to IHS: female gender and the number of Twitter followers. Conversely, the following factors related negatively to IHS: poor sleep, high- PIU, and the number of times the subject skipped a whole day of school. Conclusions It was shown that there was a significant negative correlation between Japanese youths’ happiness and PIU. Since epidemiological research on happiness that reflects the cultural background is still scarce, we believe future studies shall accumulate similar evidence in this regard.

Premorbid intelligence estimation and level of dementia in Alzheimer's disease

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 551-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Matt Maddrey ◽  
C.M. Cullum ◽  
M.F. Weiner ◽  
C.M. Filley
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Progressive Dementia ◽  
Sight Word Reading ◽  
Dementia Severity ◽  
Premorbid Intelligence ◽  
Adult Reading ◽  
Iq Scores ◽  
National Adult Reading Test

AbstractSimple sight-word reading tasks have demonstrated utility in the estimation of premorbid intelligence, although the effects of progressive dementia on such tasks has not been thoroughly examined. The present investigation sought to examine estimated IQ scores from the National Adult Reading Test-Revised (NART-R; Blair & Spreen, 1989) in relation to a WAlS-R-bascd (Wechsler, 1981) estimate of IQ in a series of patients with probable Alzheimer's disease across varying levels of dementia. Results suggest that while NART-R scores do show a decrement with dementia severity, this decline is mild, in contrast to traditionally based IQ scores and other measures of cognitive function, which show more marked declines. Similarly, compared with other tasks, the NART-R showed the strongest correlation with education across the sample as a whole, while the other indices were more related to level of dementia. These findings support the use of measures such as the NART-R in estimating premorbid intellectual functioning in patients at various levels of dementia severity, including those with more advanced cognitive deterioration. (JINS, 1996, 2, 551–555.)

scholarly journals The relationship between transformational leadership, integrity and an ethical climate in organisations

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja S. Van Aswegen ◽  
Amos S. Engelbrecht
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Ethical Climate ◽  
Ethical Behaviour ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Probability Sample ◽  
Leadership Process ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

By effectively utilising the transformational leadership process, an organisation’s culture can be transformed into one that encourages ethical behaviour. The aim of this study was to validate a theoretical model to explain the relationships between leadership, integrity and an ethical climate. A non-probability sample of employees (n = 203) from medium to large companies was used. Data were analysed by item, factor and multiple regression analyses. The results revealed that transformational leadership has a positive effect on the dimensions of an ethical climate. No convincing support was found for the proposition that integrity moderates the relationship between transformational leadership and the dimensions of an ethical climate.

Openness-to-Experience and Mental Health

1984 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 651-654
Author(s):  
Joseph C. George ◽  
Bennett I. Tittler
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
College Women ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Tripartite Model ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of openness-to-experience and mental health was investigated for 30 college women using Strupp and Hadley's 1977 tripartite model of mental health plus Holmes and Rahe's measure of recent stress. The set of mental health measures were employed in multiple regression analyses to predict self-report, behavioral, perceptual, and transactional measures of openness. Only the transactional measure of openness, defined as the ability to increase openness in a facultative situation, was significantly predicted by mental health.

Three Studies of Deficits in Pantomimic Expression and Pantomimic Recognition in Aphasia

1981 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Duffy ◽  
Joseph R. Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Nonverbal Behaviors ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Intellectual Deficit ◽  
Causal Theories ◽  
The Relationship

Studies were conducted to investigate aphasic deficits in pantomimic behaviors. Three groups of subjects were used: 47 aphasics; 27 right-hemisphere-damaged; and 11 controls. Study I replicates a previous study of pantomimic recognition deficits (Duffy, Duffy, & Pearson, 1975) and essentially duplicates the previous findings of significant deficits of pantomimic recognition in aphasic subjects that are highly correlated with their verbal deficits. Study II examines the relationship between deficits in pantomimic recognition and expression; and the relationships between these two nonverbal behaviors mad aphasic verbal deficits. Zero order correlations, partial correlations, and multiple regression analyses are presented. The results show that aphasics exhibit significant deficits in both pantomimic expression and recognition; and, that both of these are highly correlated with aphasic verbal deficits. Study III is an investigation of tour causal theories of aphasic deficits in pantomimic expression. Zero order correlations, partial correlations, and multiple regression analyses are presented. It is concluded that aphasic pantomimic expressive deficits are not caused by general intellectual deficit or limb apraxia; but, they are associated with a central symbolic disorder or a verbal mediation deficit. The implications of these studies for an understanding of the nature of aphasia as a syndrome which includes both verbal and nonverbal impairments are discussed.

Use of medications to enhance memory in a large community sample of 60–64 year olds

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony F. Jorm ◽  
Bryan Rodgers ◽  
Helen Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Gingko Biloba ◽  
Memory Problems ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Background: There are no existing epidemiological data on use of medications to enhance memory.Method: A community survey was carried out in Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia, of an electoral roll sample of 2551 adults aged 60–64 years. Data collected included self-reports of using medications to enhance memory, tests of memory and other cognitive functions, anxiety, depression, physical health and use of other medications.Results: 2.8% of the sample reported using medications to enhance memory, the main ones being gingko biloba, vitamin E, bacopa (brahmi), and folic acid/B vitamins. Users were more likely to be female, to have subjective memory problems and to use other psychotropic medications. However, they did not differ in memory performance, anxiety, depression or physical health.Discussion: Some older people are using complementary medications to improve their memory or prevent memory loss, despite the lack of strong evidence for their effectiveness. These people show no objective evidence of memory impairment

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document