Correlation between age and MMSE in schizophrenia

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1769-1775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Robert Maltais ◽  
Geneviève Gagnon ◽  
Marie-Pierre Garant ◽  
Jean-François Trudel
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Meta Regression Analysis ◽  
Institutionalized Patients

ABSTRACTBackground:The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is widely used in schizophrenia, although normative data are lacking in this population. This review and meta-regression analysis studies the effect of aging on MMSE scores in schizophrenic patients.Methods:We entered the search terms schizophrenia and MMSE in PubMed and PsychInfo. Bibliographies of pertinent articles were also examined. We included every study presenting the MMSE scores in schizophrenic patients along with a corresponding mean age. We conducted our analyses using simple linear regression weighted for the inverse of within-trial variance of the age variable, thus conferring more importance to studies with narrower age groups.Results:We identified 56 articles (n = 5,588) published between 1990 and 2012. The MMSE scores of schizophrenic patients decline by approximately 1 point for every four years (y = 34.939−0.247x, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [−0.304, −0.189], R2 = 0,545), which is five times the rate in the general population. Institutionalized patients account for a large proportion of this decline (y = 37.603–0.308x, 95% CI [−0.349, −0.267], R2 = 0.622) whereas community-dwelling patients are relatively stable throughout aging (y = 27.591–0.026x, 95% CI [−0.074, 0.023], R2 = 0.037).Conclusions:Subgroup analyses show different trajectories between institutionalized and outpatients with schizophrenia. The deterioration observed in institutionalized patients may have to do with greater illness severity, heavier medication load, vascular risk factors, and lack of stimulation in institutional settings. Studies documenting the role of these variables would be useful. Cognitive screening tools that assess executive functions would be interesting to study in schizophrenics, as they may reveal more subtle age-related cognitive changes not measured by the MMSE.

scholarly journals Screening tools for the identification of dementia for adults with age-related acquired hearing or vision impairment: a scoping review

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1771-1784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Pye ◽  
Anna Pavlina Charalambous ◽  
Iracema Leroi ◽  
Chrysoulla Thodi ◽  
Piers Dawes
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Vision Impairment ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Age Related

ABSTRACTBackground:Cognitive screening tests frequently rely on items being correctly heard or seen. We aimed to identify, describe, and evaluate the adaptation, validity, and availability of cognitive screening and assessment tools for dementia which have been developed or adapted for adults with acquired hearing and/or vision impairment.Method:Electronic databases were searched using subject terms “hearing disorders” OR “vision disorders” AND “cognitive assessment,” supplemented by exploring reference lists of included papers and via consultation with health professionals to identify additional literature.Results:1,551 papers were identified, of which 13 met inclusion criteria. Four papers related to tests adapted for hearing impairment; 11 papers related to tests adapted for vision impairment. Frequently adapted tests were the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA). Adaptations for hearing impairment involved deleting or creating written versions for hearing-dependent items. Adaptations for vision impairment involved deleting vision-dependent items or spoken/tactile versions of visual tasks. No study reported validity of the test in relation to detection of dementia in people with hearing/vision impairment. Item deletion had a negative impact on the psychometric properties of the test.Conclusions:While attempts have been made to adapt cognitive tests for people with acquired hearing and/or vision impairment, the primary limitation of these adaptations is that their validity in accurately detecting dementia among those with acquired hearing or vision impairment is yet to be established. It is likely that the sensitivity and specificity of the adapted versions are poorer than the original, especially if the adaptation involved item deletion. One solution would involve item substitution in an alternative sensory modality followed by re-validation of the adapted test.

Comparison of Self-Report of Dysphagia Using the Eating Assessment Tool and the Sydney Swallowing Questionnaire in Community Dwelling Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Aarthi Madhavan ◽  
Nicole Shuman ◽  
Claire Snyder ◽  
Nicole Etter
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Medical Diagnoses ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Swallowing Problems ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Purpose Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are an important feature in clinical evaluation of swallowing. The Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) and the Sydney Swallow Questionnaire (SSQ) are two validated dysphagia PROs commonly used in healthy older adult populations as screening tools for swallowing problems. The purpose of this study is to compare the consistency of the EAT-10 and SSQ scores for self-reported swallowing difficulties in a group of community-dwelling older adults (CDOA) completing both questionnaires. Method A total of 316 individuals over the age of 60 years completed the EAT-10, SSQ, and provided demographic data, including a self-report of any medical diagnoses. Participants were excluded if they had any diagnoses known to cause dysphagia. Questionnaire responses were analyzed for frequencies of responses across all participants. Results Seventy-five participants were identified as having dysphagia by the EAT-10 (23.7%), while 30 participants were identified by the SSQ (9.49%). When comparing the results of the two assessments, the scales agreed on 289 out of 316 participants (91%). There was a disagreement on the results in 27 of the 316 participants, with 26 of these self-reporting dysphagia symptoms on the EAT-10 but not on the SSQ. Conclusions Two commonly used dysphagia PROs resulted in different prevalence rates of self-reported dysphagia in a group of CDOA. CDOAs may need questionnaires specifically validated for them with special consideration for specific age-related risk factors, to ensure accurate early identification.

scholarly journals Age-Related Differences in Muscle Synergy Organization during Step Ascent at Different Heights and Directions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remco J. Baggen ◽  
Jaap H. van Dieën ◽  
Evelien Van Roie ◽  
Sabine M. Verschueren ◽  
Georgios Giarmatzis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Step Height ◽  
Muscle Synergy ◽  
Age Related

The aim of this study was to explore the underlying age-related differences in dynamic motor control during different step ascent conditions using muscle synergy analysis. Eleven older women (67.0 y ± 2.5) and ten young women (22.5 y ± 1.6) performed stepping in forward and lateral directions at step heights of 10, 20 and 30 cm. Surface electromyography was obtained from 10 lower limb and torso muscles. Non-negative matrix factorization was used to identify sets of (n) synergies across age groups and stepping conditions. In addition, variance accounted for (VAF) by the detected number of synergies was compared to assess complexity of motor control. Finally, correlation coefficients of muscle weightings and between-subject variability of the temporal activation patterns were calculated and compared between age groups and stepping conditions. Four synergies accounted for >85% VAF across age groups and stepping conditions. Age and step height showed a significant negative correlation with VAF during forward stepping but not lateral stepping, with lower VAF indicating higher synergy complexity. Muscle weightings showed higher similarity across step heights in older compared to young women. Neuromuscular control of young and community-dwelling older women could not be differentiated based on the number of synergies extracted. Additional analyses of synergy structure and complexity revealed subtle age- and step-height-related differences, indicating that older women rely on more complex neuromuscular control strategies.

Machine Learning Enhances the Efficiency of Cognitive Screenings for Primary Care

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boaz Levy ◽  
Courtney Hess ◽  
Jacqueline Hogan ◽  
Matthew Hogan ◽  
James M. Ellison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Age Related

Background: Incorporation of cognitive screening into the busy primary care will require the development of highly efficient screening tools. We report the convergence validity of a very brief, self-administered, computerized assessment protocol against one of the most extensively used, clinician-administered instruments—the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Method: Two hundred six participants (mean age = 67.44, standard deviation [SD] = 11.63) completed the MoCA and the computerized test. Three machine learning algorithms (ie, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting Trees) were trained to classify participants according to the clinical cutoff score of the MoCA (ie, < 26) from participant performance on 25 features of the computerized test. Analysis employed Synthetic Minority Oversampling TEchnic to correct the sample for class imbalance. Results: Gradient Boosting Trees achieved the highest performance (accuracy = 0.81, specificity = 0.88, sensitivity = 0.74, F1 score = 0.79, and area under the curve = 0.81). A subsequent K-means clustering of the prediction features yielded 3 categories that corresponded to the unimpaired (mean = 26.98, SD = 2.35), mildly impaired (mean = 23.58, SD = 3.19), and moderately impaired (mean = 17.24, SD = 4.23) ranges of MoCA score ( F = 222.36, P < .00). In addition, compared to the MoCA, the computerized test correlated more strongly with age in unimpaired participants (ie, MoCA ≥26, n = 165), suggesting greater sensitivity to age-related changes in cognitive functioning. Conclusion: Future studies should examine ways to improve the sensitivity of the computerized test by expanding the cognitive domains it measures without compromising its efficiency.

scholarly journals Are Sleep Questionnaires Valid in All Adult Age Groups as Screening Tools for Obstructive Sleep Apnea?

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-94
Author(s):  
Ho Min Lee ◽  
Jae Ki Kim ◽  
Jung Gwon Nam ◽  
Tae-Hoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Background and Objectives: Evaluation of Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Berlin, STOP, and STOP-Bang questionnaire validities for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) screening among various adult age groups.Materials and Method: Results for each of those questionnaires were compared with diagnostic overnight polysomnography (PSG) data obtained for 396 patients suffering either insomnia, sleep apnea, excessive daytime sleepiness, or chronic snoring who had been divided into three age groups (20-39, 40-59, or ≥60 years). For each questionnaire, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated.Results: Among the OSA group [apnea hypopnea index (AHI) cutoff ＞5], Berlin and STOP questionnaire sensitivity and specificity were significantly different among the age groups. Among the moderate-to-severe OSA sub-group (AHI cutoff ＞15), the specificity of Berlin, STOP, and STOP-Bang questionnaire was significantly different among age groups.Conclusion: The Berlin and STOP questionnaires differed with patient age in OSA screening. The ESS questionnaire, by contrast, did not show any age-related differences of sensitivity and specificity in OSA screening or moderate-to-severe OSA screening.

The Role of Sensory Processing in the Everyday Lives of Older Adults

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia S. Pohl ◽  
Winnie Dunn ◽  
Catana Brown
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Age In Place ◽  
Sensory Experiences ◽  
Age Related

This study investigated whether there are age-related differences in sensory processing within daily life. Participants included 404 community-dwelling adults divided into three age groups: 19 to 34 years old (127 individuals), 35 to 64 years old (126 individuals), and 65 years and older (151 individuals). Each participant completed the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile. There was a difference in sensory processing between the three groups (p = .000), with the older adults noticing sensory input less than the young and middle aged adults (p = .002 for both groups). Both middle aged and older adults engaged in less sensory seeking behaviors than did young adults (p = .012 and p = .000, respectively). In an additional analysis, the older group was subdivided into four age groups (65 to 69 years, 70 to 74 years, 75 to 79 years, and 80 years and older). There was an age-related difference between the four groups (p = .000). Those 75 to 79 years old and those 80 years and older noticed sensory input less than did those younger than 70 years (p = .002 and p = .001, respectively). Those 80 years and older were also less apt to seek sensory experiences than were those younger than 70 years (p = .011). The authors propose hypotheses about the meaning of these findings and provide recommendations for the application of this knowledge to support older adults to age in place successfully.

scholarly journals Qualitative analysis of the Clock Drawing Test by educational level and cognitive profile

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Teixeira Fabricio ◽  
Ivan Aprahamian ◽  
Mônica Sanches Yassuda
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cognitive Profile ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test

The use of a qualitative scale for the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) may add information about the pattern of errors committed. Objective: To translate and adapt the Modified Qualitative Error Analysis of Rouleau into Brazilian Portuguese and to examine the pattern of errors according to educational level and cognitive profile. Method: 180 adults (47-82 years) completed the CDT. Participants were stratified into age and educational levels and separated between those with and without changes in cognitive screening tests (Mini-Mental State Examination, Verbal Fluency). Results: No significant differences were found in CDT scores among age groups. Among participants without cognitive impairment, those with lower education often presented graphic difficulties, conceptual deficits and spatial deficits. Participants with cognitive deficits, demonstrated more frequently conceptual and spatial errors. Conclusion: The qualitative analysis of the CDT may contribute to the identification of cognitive changes. Education level has to be taken into consideration during the analysis.

scholarly journals The psychometrics and diagnostic properties of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment 5-min protocol in screening for Mild Cognitive Impairment and dementia among older adults in Tanzania: A validation study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golden Mwakibo Masika ◽  
Doris S.F. Yu ◽  
Polly W.C. Li ◽  
Adrian Wong ◽  
Rose S.Y. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Montreal Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Oblique Rotation

Abstract Introduction The prevalence of dementia in Tanzania, as in other developing countries is progressively increasing. Yet international screening instruments for mild cognitive impairment are lacking. The aim of this study was to determine the psychometrics and the diagnostic ability of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment 5 minutes protocol (MoCA-5-min) among older adult in the rural Tanzania. Methods The MoCA-5-min and the IDEA cognitive screening were concurrently administered through face to face to 202 community-dwelling older adults in Chamwino district. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using principal component method and oblique rotation was performed to determine the underlying factor structure of the scale. The concurrent, construct as well as predictive validities of the MoCA-5-min were examined by comparing its score with IDEA cognitive screening and psychiatrist’s diagnosis using DSM-V criteria respectively. Results The EFA found that all the MoCA-5-min items highly loaded into one component, with factor loading ranging from 0.550 to 0.879. The intraclass correlation coefficient for 6 weeks test-retest reliability was 0.85. Its strong significant correlation with the IDEA screening (Pearson's r = 0.614, p < 0.001) demonstrated a good concurrent validity. Using the psychiatrist’s rating as the gold standard, MoCA-5-min demonstrated the optimal cut-off score for MCI at 22, which yielded the sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 74%; and dementia at score of 16 giving a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 80%. Upon stratifying the sample into different age groups, the optimal cut-off scores tended to decrease with the increase in age. Conclusion The MoCA-5-min is reliable and provides a valid and accurate measure of cognitive decline among older population in the rural settings of Tanzania. The use of varying cut-off scores across age groups may ensure more precise discriminatory power of the MoCA-5-min.

scholarly journals Age-Related Differences in Home Experiences and Worries During COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Hunsaker ◽  
Eszter Hargittai
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Personal Space ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Supportive Services ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Single Person ◽  
At Home

The Coronavirus pandemic differentially impacted older adults in comparison to other age groups, creating extended time at home and even limiting interaction with others. In order to understand how individuals are coping with extensive time at home, we used a representative sample of community-dwelling adults to examine how home experiences and personal worries during the COVID-19 pandemic may differ across age groups, including among older adults. Overall, we find fewer older adults experienced home-based stressors (e.g. household conflict, lack of personal space) and fewer worries (e.g. related to finances or boredom) that may arise during a disease outbreak with lockdown measures. Those ages 70+ who were living alone also faced fewer negative home experiences and worries than individuals 60-69 years old living in single-person households. Supportive services to manage such home stressors and worries might benefit all age groups.

scholarly journals Screening for mild cognitive impairment in people with obesity: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimantha Karunathilaka ◽  
Sarath Rathnayake
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
General Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Older Adulthood

Abstract Objective Recent evidence demonstrates that obesity is associated with developing cognitive impairment. However, evidence related to the assessment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in people with obesity is limited. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to examine evidence concerning the screening of MCI in people with obesity from the general population. Method We conducted a systematic search of CINHAL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and PubMed electronic databases for observational studies to assess MCI in people with obesity from the general population. PRISMA guideline was followed. The articles published from January 2011 to July 2021 were included. Results Database search found 3104 sources. After the screening process, two articles from China and Egypt were included. The main age groups assessed were middle-aged adulthood and older adulthood. There were no studies undertaken in young adults or across the life span. Obesity was assessed by body mass index. MCI was assessed by cognitive screening tools; Mini-mental State Examination and Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination. The prevalence of MCI in people with obesity was 18.5 % and 42.9 % in Chinese and Egyptian studies, respectively. Only one study supported a positive association between MCI and obesity. Conclusions Limited studies were found on screening MCI in people with obesity in the general population. The available evidence was not adequate to explain the overall prevalence, possible associations, and the best tool for assessing MCI in people with obesity. Expanding screening studies for MCI in people with obesity in the general population is essential.

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