scholarly journals Screening for mild cognitive impairment in people with obesity: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimantha Karunathilaka ◽  
Sarath Rathnayake
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
General Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Older Adulthood

Abstract Objective Recent evidence demonstrates that obesity is associated with developing cognitive impairment. However, evidence related to the assessment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in people with obesity is limited. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to examine evidence concerning the screening of MCI in people with obesity from the general population. Method We conducted a systematic search of CINHAL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and PubMed electronic databases for observational studies to assess MCI in people with obesity from the general population. PRISMA guideline was followed. The articles published from January 2011 to July 2021 were included. Results Database search found 3104 sources. After the screening process, two articles from China and Egypt were included. The main age groups assessed were middle-aged adulthood and older adulthood. There were no studies undertaken in young adults or across the life span. Obesity was assessed by body mass index. MCI was assessed by cognitive screening tools; Mini-mental State Examination and Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination. The prevalence of MCI in people with obesity was 18.5 % and 42.9 % in Chinese and Egyptian studies, respectively. Only one study supported a positive association between MCI and obesity. Conclusions Limited studies were found on screening MCI in people with obesity in the general population. The available evidence was not adequate to explain the overall prevalence, possible associations, and the best tool for assessing MCI in people with obesity. Expanding screening studies for MCI in people with obesity in the general population is essential.

scholarly journals Cognitive Impairment in Transient Ischemic Attack Patients: A Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank G. van Rooij ◽  
Roy P.C. Kessels ◽  
Edo Richard ◽  
Frank-Erik De Leeuw ◽  
Ewoud J. van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Transient Ischemic Attack ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Insufficient Data ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Considerable Heterogeneity ◽  
Ischemic Attack

Background: Although by definition a transient ischemic attack (TIA) lasts less than 24 h, many patients experience cognitive complaints beyond focal symptom resolution. However, their prevalence, causes and profile are unclear. We therefore performed a systematic review on cognitive impairment after TIA. Summary: Medline and Embase were searched for relevant studies. Risk of bias was assessed, and data synthesis was performed according to the severity of cognitive impairment. Thirteen studies were included, with considerable heterogeneity concerning methods and timing of cognitive testing. Confounding, detection bias and attrition were the main causes of a high risk of bias in several studies. The prevalence of post-TIA mild cognitive impairment ranged from 29 to 68%. Severe cognitive impairment was found in 8-22% of patients. Studies using a cognitive screening instrument and those performed shortly after TIA or several years later, reported the highest frequencies of impairment. Patients evaluated with a screening tool were substantially older than those who underwent a full neuropsychological assessment (weighted mean age difference 10.9 years). Based on limited data, the post-TIA cognitive profile showed prominent executive function deficits. Insufficient data refrained us from drawing conclusions on causality. The few studies that reported neuroimaging results found a minor correlation with cognitive impairment. Key Messages: Mild cognitive impairment is present in more than a third of the TIA patients and has a profile comparable with vascular cognitive impairment. Reported rates of post-TIA cognitive impairment are highly variable and higher frequencies are found with cognitive screening tools. Considerable heterogeneity and insufficient data limit further conclusions about potential causative factors.

Validation of the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-III in Mild Cognitive Impairment in Arabic Speakers in Egypt

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Tarik Qassem ◽  
Mohamed S. Khater ◽  
Tamer Emara ◽  
Doha Rasheedy ◽  
Heba M. Tawfik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Arabic Version ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Egyptian Arabic ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Addenbrooke’S Cognitive Examination

<b><i>Background and Aims:</i></b> Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents an important point on the pathway to developing dementia and a target for early detection and intervention. There is a shortage of validated cognitive screening tools in Arabic to diagnose MCI. The aim of this study was to validate Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III) (Egyptian-Arabic version) in a sample of patients with MCI, to provide cut-off scores in Egyptian-Arabic speakers. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 24 patients with MCI and 54 controls were included in the study and were administered the Egyptian-Arabic version of the ACE-III. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There was a statistically significant difference (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) in the total ACE-III score between MCI patients (mean 75.83, standard deviation (SD) 8.1) and controls (mean 86.26, SD 6.74). There was also a statistically significant difference between MCI patients and controls in the memory, fluency, and visuospatial sub-scores of the ACE-III (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05) but not in attention and language sub-scores. Using a receiver operator characteristic curve, the optimal cut-off score for diagnosing MCI on the ACE-III total score was 81, with 75% sensitivity, 82% specificity, and 80% accuracy. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The results of this study provide objective validation of the Egyptian-Arabic version of the ACE-III as a screening tool for MCI, with good sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy that are comparable to other translated versions of the ACE-III in MCI.

Screening Tools for Cognitive Impairment in Adults with Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Katherine Y. Ko ◽  
Nicole Ridley ◽  
Shayden D. Bryce ◽  
Kelly Allott ◽  
Angela Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Screening Measures

ABSTRACT Objectives: Cognitive impairment is common in individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs), yet no evidence-based guidelines exist regarding the most appropriate screening measure for use in this population. This systematic review aimed to (1) describe different cognitive screening measures used in adults with SUDs, (2) identify substance use populations and contexts these tools are utilised in, (3) review diagnostic accuracy of these screening measures versus an accepted objective reference standard, and (4) evaluate methodology of included studies for risk of bias. Methods: Online databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL) were searched for relevant studies according to pre-determined criteria, and risk of bias and applicability was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies–2 (QUADAS–2). At each review phase, dual screening, extraction, and quality ratings were performed. Results: Fourteen studies met inclusion, identifying 10 unique cognitive screening tools. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was the most common, and two novel screening tools (Brief Evaluation of Alcohol-Related Neuropsychological Impairments [BEARNI] and Brief Executive Function Assessment Tool [BEAT]) were specifically developed for use within SUD populations. Twelve studies reported on classification accuracy and relevant psychometric parameters (e.g., sensitivity and specificity). While several tools yielded acceptable to outstanding classification accuracy, there was poor adherence to the Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (STARD) across all studies, with high or unclear risk of methodological bias. Conclusions: While some screening tools exhibit promise for use within SUD populations, further evaluation with stronger methodological design and reporting is required. Clinical recommendations and future directions for research are discussed.

Use of Cognitive Screening Tools to Detect Cognitive Impairment After an Ischaemic Stroke: a Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athula Kosgallana ◽  
Dennis Cordato ◽  
Daniel Kam Yin Chan ◽  
Jonathan Yong
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Cognitive Screening

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL FRAILTY AND MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN THE ELDERLY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kiiti Borges ◽  
N. Oiring de Castro Cezar ◽  
A. Silva Santos Siqueira1 ◽  
M. Yassuda ◽  
M. Cesari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Physical frailty (PF) appears to be associated with low cognitive performance and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This review evaluated and synthesized the evidence of studies investigating the association between PF and MCI, the prevalence of both conditions and the rate of conversion of healthy older adult to one of them during the follow-up. Methods: A systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA recommendations in the Pubmed, SciELO and LILACS databases. Five studies were eligible according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Regarding the study design, cross-sectional studies prevailed. Most studies showed a positive association between PF and MCI. Moreover, PF seems to predict a worse cognitive trajectory among participants with MCI and it is associated to a higher risk of developing MCI. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a significant association between PF and MCI. Further longitudinal studies are needed to better explore causality.

scholarly journals The psychometrics and diagnostic properties of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment 5-min protocol in screening for Mild Cognitive Impairment and dementia among older adults in Tanzania: A validation study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golden Mwakibo Masika ◽  
Doris S.F. Yu ◽  
Polly W.C. Li ◽  
Adrian Wong ◽  
Rose S.Y. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Montreal Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Oblique Rotation

Abstract Introduction The prevalence of dementia in Tanzania, as in other developing countries is progressively increasing. Yet international screening instruments for mild cognitive impairment are lacking. The aim of this study was to determine the psychometrics and the diagnostic ability of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment 5 minutes protocol (MoCA-5-min) among older adult in the rural Tanzania. Methods The MoCA-5-min and the IDEA cognitive screening were concurrently administered through face to face to 202 community-dwelling older adults in Chamwino district. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using principal component method and oblique rotation was performed to determine the underlying factor structure of the scale. The concurrent, construct as well as predictive validities of the MoCA-5-min were examined by comparing its score with IDEA cognitive screening and psychiatrist’s diagnosis using DSM-V criteria respectively. Results The EFA found that all the MoCA-5-min items highly loaded into one component, with factor loading ranging from 0.550 to 0.879. The intraclass correlation coefficient for 6 weeks test-retest reliability was 0.85. Its strong significant correlation with the IDEA screening (Pearson's r = 0.614, p < 0.001) demonstrated a good concurrent validity. Using the psychiatrist’s rating as the gold standard, MoCA-5-min demonstrated the optimal cut-off score for MCI at 22, which yielded the sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 74%; and dementia at score of 16 giving a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 80%. Upon stratifying the sample into different age groups, the optimal cut-off scores tended to decrease with the increase in age. Conclusion The MoCA-5-min is reliable and provides a valid and accurate measure of cognitive decline among older population in the rural settings of Tanzania. The use of varying cut-off scores across age groups may ensure more precise discriminatory power of the MoCA-5-min.

scholarly journals Role of Executive Functions in the Conversion from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 641-653
Author(s):  
Almudena Junquera ◽  
Estefanía García-Zamora ◽  
Javier Olazarán ◽  
Mario A. Parra ◽  
Sara Fernández-Guinea
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Lineal Regression

Background: Recent research pointed to executive dysfunction as a potential early predictor of the progression of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia in Alzheimer’s clinical syndrome (ACS). Such cognitive impairments account for functional impairments in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Objective: The present study analyzes the contributions of executive functions to predict MCI–dementia progression in ACS. Methods: We assessed 145 participants, 51 cognitively unimpaired and 94 MCI. The latter were divided using the traditional, memory-based MCI classification (single domain amnestic, multidomain amnestic, and non-amnestic). Eight tests assessing executive functions were administered at baseline and at 1-year follow-up, together with cognitive screening tools and IADL measures. MCI patients were reclassified based on the outcomes from a K-mean cluster analysis which identified three groups. A simple lineal regression model was used to examine whether the classification based on executive functioning could more accurately predict progression to dementia a year later. Results: Clusters based on executive function deficits explained a significant proportion of the variance linked to MCI–dementia conversion, even after controlling for the severity of MCI at baseline (F(1, 68) = 116.25, p = 0.000, R2 = 0.63). Classical memory-based MCI classification failed to predict such a conversion (F(1, 68) = 5.09, p = 0.955, R2 = 0.07). Switching, categories generation, and planning were the executive functions that best distinguished between MCI converters and stable. Conclusion: MCI with a dysexecutive phenotype significantly predicts conversion to dementia in ACS a year later. Switching abilities and verbal fluency (categories) must be evaluated in MCI patients to assess risk of future dementia.

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