scholarly journals Abbreviated San Diego Wisdom Scale (SD-WISE-7) and Jeste-Thomas Wisdom Index (JTWI)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Michael L. Thomas ◽  
Barton W. Palmer ◽  
Ellen E. Lee ◽  
Jinyuan Liu ◽  
Rebecca Daly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
San Diego ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Item Statistics ◽  
Highly Correlated

ABSTRACT Objectives: Wisdom is a personality trait comprising seven components: self-reflection, pro-social behaviors, emotional regulation, acceptance of diverse perspectives, decisiveness, social advising, and spirituality. Wisdom, a potentially modifiable trait, is strongly associated with well-being. We have published a validated 28-item San Diego Wisdom Scale, the SD-WISE-28. Brief scales are necessary for use in large population-based studies and in clinical practice. The present study aimed to create an abbreviated 7-item version of the SD-WISE. Method: Participants included 2093 people, aged 20-82 years, recruited and surveyed through the online crowdsourcing platform Amazon Mechanical Turk. The participants’ mean age was 46 years, with 55% women. Participants completed the SD-WISE-28 as well as validation scales for various positive and negative constructs. Psychometric analyses (factor analysis and item response theory) were used to select one item from each of the seven SD-WISE-28 subscales. Results: We selected a combination of items that produced acceptable unidimensional model fit and good reliability (ω = 0.74). Item statistics suggested that all seven items were strong indicators of wisdom, although the association was weakest for spirituality. Analyses indicated that the 28-item and 7-item SD-WISE are both very highly correlated (r = 0.92) and produce a nearly identical pattern of correlations with demographic and validity variables. Conclusion: The SD-WISE-7, and its derived Jeste-Thomas Wisdom Index (JTWI) score, balances reliability and brevity for research applications.

scholarly journals Emotional and Situational Acceptance Across the Lifespan: A Novel Scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 456-457
Author(s):  
Hannah Wolfe ◽  
Derek Isaacowitz
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Emotional Acceptance ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Mindfulness Skills ◽  
Acceptance Scale ◽  
Regulation Strategies

Abstract Self-reported emotional well-being tends to increase with age (Charles & Carstensen, 2007), but evidence for age differences in emotion regulation strategies is mixed (Livingstone & Isaacowitz, 2019), and the strategy of acceptance, in particular, is relatively understudied. Acceptance involves the deliberate decision to not alter a situation or one’s emotional response to it, and older adults report greater use of general acceptance (Shallcross, Ford, Floerke, & Mauss, 2013). Yet, no current scale distinguishes between situational and emotional acceptance; general acceptance is typically measured using a subscale of the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS; Baer, Smith, & Allen, 2004), which assesses judgments of emotions and thoughts. Therefore, a 6-item measure of situational acceptance was developed and administered to 24 younger adults (age 18-25) and 30 older adults (age 55+) on Amazon Mechanical Turk, along with the KIMS accepting subscale and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS; Brown & Ryan, 2003). The situational acceptance scale achieved good reliability (α=.721) and significantly correlated with the MAAS (r= .301, p=.027) and KIMS (r= .466, p<.001). Older adults tended to rate themselves as significantly higher on situational acceptance (M=29.83, SD=5.17) than younger adults (M=25.13, SD=5.72; t=-3.171, p=.003), and this pattern held for the MAAS and KIMS. These results confirm prior work suggesting older adults engage in acceptance more often than younger adults and expand this finding to situational, not just emotional, acceptance. Furthermore, skills related to mindfulness and acceptance appear to greatly overlap and may increase over the lifespan.

scholarly journals The predictors of persistent DSM-IV disorders in 3-year follow-ups of the British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Surveys 1999 and 2004

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1126-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ford ◽  
F. Macdiarmid ◽  
A. E. Russell ◽  
D. Racey ◽  
R. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dsm Iv

BackgroundThe identification of the factors that influence the persistence of psychiatric disorder may assist practitioners to focus on young people who are particularly prone to poor outcomes, but population-based samples of sufficient size are rare.MethodThis secondary analysis combined data from two large, population-based cross-sectional surveys in Great Britain (1999 and 2004) and their respective follow-ups (2002 and 2007), to study homotypic persistence among the 998 school-age children with psychiatric disorder at baseline. Psychiatric disorder was measured using the Development and Well-Being Assessment applying DSM-IV criteria. Factors relating to the child, family, and the severity and type of psychopathology at baseline were analysed using logistic regression.ResultsApproximately 50% of children with at least one psychiatric disorder were assigned the same diagnostic grouping at 3-year follow-up. Persistent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and anxiety were predicted by poor peer relationship scores. Persistent conduct disorder was predicted by intellectual disability, rented housing, large family size, poor family function and by severer baseline psychopathology scores.ConclusionsHomotypic persistence was predicted by different factors for different groups of psychiatric disorders. Experimental research in clinical samples should explore whether these factors also influence response to interventions.

scholarly journals Robust, ECG-based detection of Sleep-disordered breathing in large population-based cohorts

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mads Olsen ◽  
Emmanuel Mignot ◽  
Poul Jorgen Jennum ◽  
Helge Bjarup Dissing Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Automatic Data ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Ecg Database ◽  
Disordered Breathing

Abstract Study Objectives Up to 5% of adults in Western countries have undiagnosed sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Studies have shown that electrocardiogram (ECG)-based algorithms can identify SDB and may provide alternative screening. Most studies, however, have limited generalizability as they have been conducted using the apnea-ECG database, a small sample database that lacks complex SDB cases. Methods Here, we developed a fully automatic, data-driven algorithm that classifies apnea and hypopnea events based on the ECG using almost 10 000 polysomnographic sleep recordings from two large population-based samples, the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS) and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), which contain subjects with a broad range of sleep and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) to ensure heterogeneity. Results Performances on average were sensitivity(Se)=68.7%, precision (Pr)=69.1%, score (F1)=66.6% per subject, and accuracy of correctly classifying apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) severity score was Acc=84.9%. Target AHI and predicted AHI were highly correlated (R2 = 0.828) across subjects, indicating validity in predicting SDB severity. Our algorithm proved to be statistically robust between databases, between different periodic leg movement index (PLMI) severity groups, and for subjects with previous CVD incidents. Further, our algorithm achieved the state-of-the-art performance of Se=87.8%, Sp=91.1%, Acc=89.9% using independent comparisons and Se=90.7%, Sp=95.7%, Acc=93.8% using a transfer learning comparison on the apnea-ECG database. Conclusions Our robust and automatic algorithm constitutes a minimally intrusive and inexpensive screening system for the detection of SDB events using the ECG to alleviate the current problems and costs associated with diagnosing SDB cases and to provide a system capable of identifying undiagnosed SDB cases.

scholarly journals Teaching Mindfulness to Undergraduates: A Survey and Photovoice Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramaswami Mahalingam ◽  
Verónica Caridad Rabelo
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Transformative Learning ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Curricular Intervention ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Mindfulness Practices ◽  
Nuanced Understanding

How do emerging adults experience mindfulness and compassion? The goals of this study were to (1) evaluate the effectiveness of a mindfulness curricular intervention and (2) examine how students interpreted their experience. We delivered a mindfulness curriculum to 24 college students who meditated twice a week for 7 weeks. Students completed a survey at the beginning and end of the course where they self-reported information about their mental health, compassion, and creativity. Results showed that, over the course of the semester, students demonstrated improvements in measures of creativity, self-compassion, compassion toward others, mental health, and emotional regulation. To gain a more nuanced understanding of students’ interpretations of and experiences with the course material, we used interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) to analyze student photovoice projects (wherein they collected and analyzed images to represent mindfulness concepts). Findings illustrate how students typically understood self-compassion as self-acceptance, self-reflection, or self-care and understood compassion toward others as active alleviation, familial affection/affinity, interdependence, and mortality. Triangulating survey and IPA results demonstrate how contemplative practices such as mindfulness can help students cope with stressors associated with emerging adulthood. Integrating mindfulness practices in higher education is important for students’ transformative learning and holistic development. Further, our research suggests that contemplative education can benefit from using mixed methods (e.g., surveys and photovoice) to help students understand mindfulness and its connections with personal outcomes (e.g., learning, creativity, and well-being).

scholarly journals Adolescent Connectedness with Parents Promotes Resilience among Homeless Youth

Children ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Kessler ◽  
Debanjana Chatterjee ◽  
Rebecca Shlafer ◽  
Andrew Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Homeless Youth ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Internal Assets ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Population Based Survey

Youth who experience homelessness have worse health and well-being than housed youth. Internal assets, including social competency and positive self-identity, are factors that promote healthy development. This study compared internal assets between homeless and housed youth, and examined whether connectedness with parents moderates the association between homelessness and internal assets. Using data from a large population-based survey of middle- and high-school aged youth, we found that homelessness was associated with lower levels of internal assets. However, having high connectedness with a parent significantly predicted the strength of these assets, suggesting opportunities to promote health equity among homeless youth.

scholarly journals Smoking Habits in Men and Women with Different Perceptions of Social Well-Being: Findings of A Large Population-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasti Masihay-Akbar ◽  
Fahimeh Mehrabi ◽  
Neda Mardi ◽  
Parisa Amiri ◽  
Leila Cheraghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Hookah Smoking ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background This study aimed to investigate cigarette and hookah smoking in a population of Eastern-Mediterranean adults in relation to their perceived social well-being (social integration, coherence, acceptance, contribution, and actualization). Methods Data of 2592 adults who participated in the 6th phase (2014–2016) of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) was used. After excluding those with missing data (n = 235), 2357 remained for the sex-specific logistic regression to investigate the association between social well-being and current smoking (cigarette and hookah). The final model (model 3) was adjusted for age, marital status, education, occupation, physical activity, and chronic disease history. Results Participants' mean age was 46 ± 14 years (45% men). Compared to cigarette and hookah smokers, the mean scores of social well-being and all its dimensions were higher in non-smokers. While in men, cigarette smoking was significantly related to social well-being and all its dimensions, only women with higher social well-being (OR:0.97, CI:0.95–0.99, P:0.001), social integration (OR:0.93, CI:0.87–0.99, P:0.019), and coherence (OR:0.92, CI:0.87–0.98, P:0.013), were further at risk of cigarette smoking. Unlike men, whose hookah smoking was not at all related to their social well-being, women's hookah consumption was associated with social well-being (OR: 0.97, CI:0.95–0.99, P:0.002), social integration and acceptance; one unit increase in the mean scores of social integration and acceptance in women reduced the risk of hookah use by 8%. Conclusion Social well-being and tobacco smoking are related, and evident sex differences in this relationship should not be ignored in future tobacco control efforts.

Does upward mobility result in greater well-being? Evidence from a pre-registered study on a large population-based survey

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Cheung ◽  
Patrick Hill ◽  
Joshua James Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Upward Mobility ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Analytical Strategies

Income inequality gained increasing attention in public discourse. Promoting upward mobility is a potential solution to income inequality. The current study tested whether upward mobility predicts greater well-being, whether upward mobility attenuates the negative effects of income inequality, and whether gender differences in upward mobility differentially predict well-being for men and women. Upward mobility was operationalized as changes in income rank across generations for families in the lowest income quartile. In a pre-registered study on 917,331 US workers, results supported neither the main effect of upward mobility nor the moderating role of upward mobility on the association between income inequality and life satisfaction. Gender differences in upward mobility did not consistently predict well-being of men or women. The null results were robust across measures of well-being, measures of upward mobility, and different analytical strategies. The results consistently indicated that regional upward mobility may have little to no association with well-being.

The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS)

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise S. Dan-Glauser ◽  
Klaus R. Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
French Translation ◽  
French Version ◽  
Inappropriate Behaviors ◽  
Initial Validation ◽  
Difficulties In Emotion Regulation ◽  
Instrument Measuring ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Psychopathological Disorders

Successful emotion regulation is a key aspect of efficient social functioning and personal well-being. Difficulties in emotion regulation lead to relationship impairments and are presumed to be involved in the onset and maintenance of some psychopathological disorders as well as inappropriate behaviors. Gratz and Roemer (2004 ) developed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), a comprehensive instrument measuring emotion regulation problems that encompasses several dimensions on which difficulties can occur. The aim of the present work was to develop a French translation of this scale and to provide an initial validation of this instrument. The French version was created using translation and backtranslation procedures and was tested on 455 healthy students. Congruence between the original and the translated scales was .98 (Tucker’s phi) and internal consistency of the translation reached .92 (Cronbach’s α). Moreover, test-retest scores were highly correlated. Altogether, the initial validation of the French version of the DERS (DERS-F) offers satisfactory results and permits the use of this instrument to map difficulties in emotion regulation in both clinical and research contexts.

Positive risk-taking: Mixed-methods validation of a self-report scale and evidence for genetic links to personality and negative risk-taking

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Wales Patterson ◽  
Lilla Pivnick ◽  
Frank D Mann ◽  
Andrew D Grotzinger ◽  
Kathryn C Monahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Youth Development ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Positive Behaviors ◽  
Adolescent Risk

Adolescents are more likely to take risks. Typically, research on adolescent risk-taking has focused on its negative health and societal consequences. However, some risk-taking behaviors might be positive, defined here as behavior that does not violate the rights of others and that might advance socially-valuable goals. Empirical work on positive risk-taking has been limited by measurement challenges. In this study, we elicited adolescents’ free responses (n = 75) about a time they took a risk. Based on thematic coding, we identified positive behaviors described as risks and selected items to form a self-report scale. The resulting positive risk-taking scale was quantitatively validated in a population-based sample of adolescent twins (n = 1249). Second, we evaluated associations between positive risk-taking, negative risk-taking, and potential personality and peer correlates using a genetically informed design. Sensation seeking predicted negative and positive risk-taking equally strongly, whereas extraversion differentiated forms of risk-taking. Additive genetic influences on personality accounted for the total heritability in positive risk-taking. Indirect pathways from personality through positive and negative peer environments were identified. These results provide promising evidence that personality factors of sensation seeking and extraversion can manifest as engagement in positive risks. Increased understanding of positive manifestations of adolescent risk-taking may yield targets for positive youth development strategies to bolster youth well-being.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document