scholarly journals Meet Our Challenge: Why a Broadly Encompassing Paradigm in Psychogeriatrics Is Essential

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-133
Author(s):  
Manfred Bergener
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Social Influences ◽  
Clinical Symptomatology ◽  
Pathogenic Factors

Mental disorders and illnesses in old age are not an inescapable fate, particularly if physicians can look beyond the medical aspects of an illness to the potential interpersonal, familial, and social influences. Indeed, the different factors involved in the genesis of mental disorder intertwine to form an intricate network, from which it is very difficult to isolate single components. Moreover, the importance of the components that trigger an acute mental disorder and shape the course and diversity of the symptomatology can continue to change. The interweaving of different pathogenic factors contributes further to the diversity and ambiguity of the clinical symptomatology.

Ageing-ethical Issues and Stigma

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
N. Tataru ◽  
A. Dicker
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Ageing Process ◽  
Old People ◽  
Clinical Disorder ◽  
Normal Ageing

During the twentieth century, many behavioural and biological theories of aging have been advanced that ageing is a multidimensional phenomenon. Ageing is a progressive decline in function and performance, which accompanies advancing years. Cicero noticed that the old people preserved their intellects if they maintained their interests.To the social, economical and medical problems that old age arises to the society, one may add the continue increase of old people proportion in the general population. The ageing of population is becoming a reality in developed and in less developed countries too. We talk about a conceptual definition of normal ageing and also about successful and morbid ageing. Normal ageing is an ageing process without any clinical somatic or mental disorder and a morbid ageing is characterized by a process presenting clinical disorders which affects the somatic and mental health, the successful ageing being an ageing process in a favourable environmental conditions to promote individual development. We can consider not only the presence/absence of a disorder but also its impact in someone's life. The functioning capacity loss could be considered as a marker of the presence of a clinical disorder.Stigma remains a major obstacle to ensuring access to good care for elderly with mental disorders, these patients suffers of a double jeopardy (old age and mental disorders). Both stigma and discrimination against these old persons depend on the type of mental disorder and we have to protect them against discrimination and improve their quality of life.

scholarly journals Impact of arthritis on the perceived need and use of mental healthcare among Canadians with mental disorders: nationally representative cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e041371
Author(s):  
Alyssa Howren ◽  
J Antonio Aviña-Zubieta ◽  
Deborah Da Costa ◽  
Joseph H Puyat ◽  
Hui Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Need ◽  
Mental Health Support ◽  
Health Support

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between having arthritis and the perceived need for mental healthcare and use of mental health support among individuals with mental disorders.DesignA cross-sectional analysis using data from Canadian Community Health Survey—Mental Health (2012).SettingThe survey was administered across Canada’s 10 provinces using multistage cluster sampling.ParticipantsThe study sample consisted of individuals reporting depression, anxiety or bipolar disorder.Study variables and analysisThe explanatory variable was self-reported doctor-diagnosed arthritis, and outcomes were perceived need for mental healthcare and use of mental health support. We computed overall and gender-stratified multivariable binomial logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, income and geographical region.ResultsAmong 1774 individuals with a mental disorder in the study sample, 436 (20.4%) reported having arthritis. Arthritis was associated with increased odds of having a perceived need for mental healthcare (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.71, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.77). In the gender-stratified models, this association was increased among men (aOR 2.69, 95% CI 1.32 to 5.49) but not women (aOR 1.48, 95% CI 0.78 to 2.82). Evaluation of the association between arthritis and use of mental health support resulted in an aOR of 1.50 (95% CI 0.89 to 2.51). Individuals with arthritis tended to use medications and professional services as opposed to non-professional support.ConclusionComorbid arthritis among individuals with a mental disorder was associated with an increased perceived need for mental healthcare, especially in men, underscoring the importance of understanding the role of masculinity in health seeking. Assessing the mental health of patients with arthritis continues to be essential for clinical care.

Tobacco smoking and mental disorders in Australian adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 000486742110096
Author(s):  
David Lawrence ◽  
Sarah E Johnson ◽  
Francis Mitrou ◽  
Sharon Lawn ◽  
Michael Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Current Tobacco

Objectives: This study aimed to (1) examine the strength of the association between mental disorders/mental health problems, risk behaviours and tobacco smoking among Australian adolescents, (2) compare rates of tobacco smoking among Australian adolescents with major depressive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and/or conduct disorder in 2013/14 vs 1998, and (3) identify the extent to which an association between tobacco smoking and mental health problems among adolescents can be attributed to non-mental health risk factors. Methods: The study utilised data from the first (1998) and second (2013/14) child and adolescent components of the National Surveys of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Both surveys identified nationally representative samples of Australian young people aged 4–17 years, living in private dwellings. Information was collected from parents and 13- to 17-year-olds about mental disorders, mental health problems, risk behaviours and tobacco smoking. Results: In the 2013/14 survey, the rate of current tobacco smoking among those with a mental disorder was 20% compared to 5% in those without a mental disorder. Rates were highest for young people with conduct disorder (50%), major depressive disorder (24%) and anxiety disorders (19%). In 2013/14, 38% of current tobacco smokers had a mental disorder and 32% reported self-harm and/or suicidal ideation vs 10% and 5%, respectively, among adolescents who had never smoked. Females with mental disorders or reporting self-harm or suicidal ideation had higher rates of current smoking than males. Other significant factors associated with current smoking included school-related problems, binge eating and having had more than one sexual partner. Conclusion: While smoking rates in 13- to 17-year-olds with mental disorders had declined since 1998, the strength of the association between mental disorders and smoking had increased, especially among females. Our findings highlight the need to address the tobacco smoking among adolescents with mental disorders, particularly females.

scholarly journals Architecture and Mental Disorders: A Systematic Study of Peer-Reviewed Literature

2020 ◽  
pp. 193758672097376
Author(s):  
Mais M. Aljunaidy ◽  
Mohamad Nadim Adi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Interior Design ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Environment Design ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Physical Environments

Objectives: To perform a systematic study about the contribution of architecture and interior design researchers in studying the effect of physical environment on mental disorders. Background: Mental disorders are a major health problem worldwide and related to severe distress, functional disabilities, and heavy economical burdens. Studies propose that physical environment design can trigger or reduce mental disorder symptoms. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the extent of architectural design research contribution to all types of mental disorder prevention or intervention. Methods: A team of cross-disciplinary researchers gathered information from peer-reviewed manuscripts about the effect of architectural design on enhancing or reducing mental disorder symptoms. Data were collected from manuscripts published between 2008 and 2020 (research related to the topic became clearer in quality and quantity then). Keywords including architecture, interior design, physical environment, and mental disorders were used in the systematic search. Databases were collected using online resources. Numerical data collected from quantitative studies were organized in tables. Results: Our data showed that there were a lot of studies about dementia and autism; few studies about schizophrenia, anxiety, stress-related disorders, and depressive disorders; and no studies about the rest of the mental disorders. General environment followed by housing facility design were the most assessed physical environments for mental disorders. Conclusions: As all mental disorders can have a significant impact on the society, we conclude that architectural studies should focus more on improving or preventing the symptoms of all types of mental disorders through the design of physical environments.

scholarly journals Between Punishment and Care: Autonomous Offenders Who Commit Crimes Under the Influence of Mental Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hartvigsson
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Involuntary Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Condition ◽  
Psychiatric Institutions

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to present a solution to a problem that arises from the fact that people who commit crimes under the influence of serious mental disorders may still have a capacity to refuse treatment. Several ethicists have argued that the present legislation concerning involuntary treatment of people with mental disorder is discriminatory and should change to the effect that psychiatric patients can refuse care on the same grounds as patients in somatic care. However, people with mental disorders who have committed crimes and been exempted from criminal responsibility would then fall outside the scope of criminal justice as well as that of the psychiatric institutions if they were to refuse care. In this paper, I present and develop a solution to how society should deal with this group of people, called Advance criminal responsibility. The basic idea being that if a person with a potentially responsibility exempting psychiatric condition refuses care, that person is responsible for any future criminal acts which are due to the mental disorder.

scholarly journals Latent profiles of early developmental vulnerabilities in a New South Wales child population at age 5 years

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 530-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa J Green ◽  
Stacy Tzoumakis ◽  
Kristin R Laurens ◽  
Kimberlie Dean ◽  
Maina Kariuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
New South ◽  
Criminal Offending ◽  
Parental History ◽  
South Wales ◽  
History Of

Objective: Detecting the early emergence of childhood risk for adult mental disorders may lead to interventions for reducing subsequent burden of these disorders. We set out to determine classes of children who may be at risk for later mental disorder on the basis of early patterns of development in a population cohort, and associated exposures gleaned from linked administrative records obtained within the New South Wales Child Development Study. Methods: Intergenerational records from government departments of health, education, justice and child protection were linked with the Australian Early Development Census for a state population cohort of 67,353 children approximately 5 years of age. We used binary data from 16 subdomains of the Australian Early Development Census to determine classes of children with shared patterns of Australian Early Development Census–defined vulnerability using latent class analysis. Covariates, which included demographic features (sex, socioeconomic status) and exposure to child maltreatment, parental mental illness, parental criminal offending and perinatal adversities (i.e. birth complications, smoking during pregnancy, low birth weight), were examined hierarchically within latent class analysis models. Results: Four classes were identified, reflecting putative risk states for mental disorders: (1) disrespectful and aggressive/hyperactive behaviour, labelled ‘misconduct risk’ ( N = 4368; 6.5%); (2) ‘pervasive risk’ ( N = 2668; 4.0%); (3) ‘mild generalised risk’ ( N = 7822; 11.6%); and (4) ‘no risk’ ( N = 52,495; 77.9%). The odds of membership in putative risk groups (relative to the no risk group) were greater among children from backgrounds of child maltreatment, parental history of mental illness, parental history of criminal offending, socioeconomic disadvantage and perinatal adversities, with distinguishable patterns of association for some covariates. Conclusion: Patterns of early childhood developmental vulnerabilities may provide useful indicators for particular mental disorder outcomes in later life, although their predictive utility in this respect remains to be established in longitudinal follow-up of the cohort.

The Biopsychosocial Paradigm in the Assessment of Mental Health of Older Persons

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S464-S464
Author(s):  
L. Pishchikova
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Dynamic Features ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Forensic Psychiatric ◽  
Biopsychosocial Determinants

The vulnerability of patients of late age in psychiatry increases the professional and ethical requirements to the quality of psychiatric and forensic psychiatric help. It must account for the clinical and dynamic features of mental disorders in old age, biopsychosocial determinants of their formation, be based on a conceptual approach and a comprehensive understanding of the involution processes. To identify biopsychosocial determinants of mental disorders in old age and (or) involving patients to the forensic psychiatric examination, we examined 235 late age patients in criminal and civil cases. Revealed: «non-dement» mental disorders – with 45.5%, psychosis – with 7.7%, dementia – with 46,8%. The results of biopsychosocial determinants of involution are determined as follows: biological: sensory and motor deprivation, multicomorbid somatic neurological pathology, specific syndromes and disorders if late age, dementia; socio-psychological: termination of labor activity, living alone and loneliness, problematic relationship with children because of housing disputes and alcohol; legal: conclusion and contestation of legal civil acts, participation in criminal proceedings as victims and defendants, legal illiteracy, legal controversy, lack of legal protection; victimological: physical (assault, abuse), psychological (threats of commitment into social security institutions, involuntary commitment to a psychiatric hospital and examination by a psychiatrist, hold in the psychiatric hospital), financial violence (fraud with housing for older people and deception, manipulation during conclusion of civil-legal acts), violation of rights of older person (unlawful deprivation of legal capacity).Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

Old Age Mental Disorders in Newcastle upon Tyne

1964 ◽  
Vol 110 (468) ◽  
pp. 668-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. K. Kay ◽  
P. Beamish ◽  
Martin Roth
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
Old People ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Medical Status ◽  
Organic Brain ◽  
Domestic Support ◽  
Newcastle Upon Tyne

In a previous paper (Kay, Beamish and Roth, 1963) we studied the prevalence of various kinds of psychiatric disorder in a random sample of old people living at home in Newcastle upon Tyne. During the interviews, special attention was paid to the collection of social data. For, as Townsend (1957a) pointed out, old age is an epoch of diminishing social contacts and domestic support, and isolated old people make disproportionately heavy demands on the institutions of the Health and Welfare Services. By comparing the medical status and social circumstances of subjects with organic brain syndromes, those with functional disorders, and those without psychiatric abnormality, we have attempted to explore further the relative importance of these factors in the two main groups of mental disorders in old age.

The impact of stigma and discrimination on the quality of life and social disability in persons with a diagnosis of mental disorder. A pilot study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S571-S571
Author(s):  
T.M. Gondek ◽  
K. Kotowicz ◽  
A. Kiejna
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Social Disability ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
The Impact

Stigma and discrimination of persons diagnosed with mental disorder is a common issue. In many European countries, research studies on the prevalence and implications of this problem are conducted in order to better understand how to overcome it. In Poland, there is a scarcity of such studies, what results in neglecting this issue by the policy makers. The objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of stigma and discrimination affecting the patients hospitalized in psychiatric day units and in-patient wards between 2016–2017 as well as to analyze the relationship between the stigma and the quality of life and social disability in persons with a mental disorder diagnosis of F20–F48 according to ICD-10, aged 18–65, in a day ward and an in-patient ward settings. The pilot study presents the data gathered from a preliminary sample of 20 patients of both genders diagnosed with the aforementioned mental disorders, equaling 10 per cent of the targeted total study sample. The quality of life is assessed with WHOQOL-Bref, WHO-5 questionnaire and Rosenberg self-esteem scale, while social disability is measured with the second version of the Groningen Social Disabilities Schedule. The assessment of the impact of stigma on the social disability of persons with mental disorders and their quality of life can be useful in the context of developing evidence-based interventions for these persons, while it could also provide the scientific data to support public information campaigns aiming at tackling the stigma against persons with mental disorders in Poland.Disclosure of InterestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Natural kinds of mental disorder

Synthese ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sander Werkhoven
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Natural Kinds ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Abnormal Behaviour ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Socially Constructed

AbstractAre mental disorders (autism, ADHD, schizophrenia) natural kinds or socially constructed categories? What is at stake if either of these views prove to be true? This paper offers a qualified defence for the view that there may be natural kinds of mental disorder, but also that the implications of this claim are generally overestimated. Especially concerns about over-inclusiveness of diagnostic categories and medicalisation of abnormal behaviour are not addressed by the debate. To arrive at these conclusions the paper opens with a discussion of kind formation in science, followed by an analysis of natural kinds. Seven principled and empirically informed objections to the possibility of natural kinds of mental disorder are considered and rejected. The paper ends with a reflection on diagnostics of mental health problems that don’t fall into natural kinds. Despite the defence of the possibility of natural kinds of mental disorder, this is likely to be the majority of cases.

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