scholarly journals Architecture and Mental Disorders: A Systematic Study of Peer-Reviewed Literature

2020 ◽  
pp. 193758672097376
Author(s):  
Mais M. Aljunaidy ◽  
Mohamad Nadim Adi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Interior Design ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Environment Design ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Physical Environments

Objectives: To perform a systematic study about the contribution of architecture and interior design researchers in studying the effect of physical environment on mental disorders. Background: Mental disorders are a major health problem worldwide and related to severe distress, functional disabilities, and heavy economical burdens. Studies propose that physical environment design can trigger or reduce mental disorder symptoms. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the extent of architectural design research contribution to all types of mental disorder prevention or intervention. Methods: A team of cross-disciplinary researchers gathered information from peer-reviewed manuscripts about the effect of architectural design on enhancing or reducing mental disorder symptoms. Data were collected from manuscripts published between 2008 and 2020 (research related to the topic became clearer in quality and quantity then). Keywords including architecture, interior design, physical environment, and mental disorders were used in the systematic search. Databases were collected using online resources. Numerical data collected from quantitative studies were organized in tables. Results: Our data showed that there were a lot of studies about dementia and autism; few studies about schizophrenia, anxiety, stress-related disorders, and depressive disorders; and no studies about the rest of the mental disorders. General environment followed by housing facility design were the most assessed physical environments for mental disorders. Conclusions: As all mental disorders can have a significant impact on the society, we conclude that architectural studies should focus more on improving or preventing the symptoms of all types of mental disorders through the design of physical environments.

Mental Disorders and the Use of Psychotropic Drugs in an 85-Year-Old Urban Population

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingmar Skoog ◽  
Lars Nilsson ◽  
Sten Landahl ◽  
Bertil Steen
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Psychotropic Drug ◽  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Antidepressant Drug

The prevalence of mental disorders was studied in a representative sample of 85-year-old living in Gothenburg, Sweden, (n=494). All subjects were examined by a psychiatrist, whose diagnoses were defined according to the DSM-III-R criteria. In the sample, the prevalence of dementia was 29.8%, and of any other mental disorder was 24.3%. Psychotic disorders were present in 4.7%, depressive disorders in 12.6%, and anxiety disorders in 10.5%. Anxiety disorders were more common in women than in men. Of all subjects, 42.5% used a psychotropic drug (men 30.1%, women 47.6%, p<0.001), 34.2% used anxiolytic-sedatives, 14.0% used antidepressants, and 5.7% used neuroleptics. Women used significantly more anxiolytic-sedatives and antidepressants than did men. Of those with no mental disorders, 29.1% used a psychotropic drug. Although the prescription of psychotropic drugs was high, only one fifth of those with depressive disorders received antidepressant drug therapy and one tenth of those with psychotic disorders received neuroleptics.

Mental Disorders in Female Prisoners

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine S. Tye ◽  
Paul E. Mullen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Female Prisoners ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Women In Prison ◽  
Harmful Use

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the rates of mental disorder among women in prison in Victoria, and to compare with community rates. Design: A midnight census of all women in prison in Victoria was undertaken. Respondents were interviewed with a version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), an adapted version of the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ-4+) and a demographics questionnaire. Main Outcome Measures: Twelve-month prevalence rates of ICD-10 mental disorders including depressive disorders, anxiety disorders and drug-related disorders were examined. Prevalence of personality disorders was also investigated. Results: Eighty-four per cent of the female prisoners interviewed met the criteria for a mental disorder (including substance harmful use/dependence) in the year prior to interview. This rate was reduced to 66% when drug-related disorders were excluded. Fortythree per cent of subjects were identified as cases on a personality disorder screener. For all disorders, (except obsessive-compulsive disorder and alcohol harmful use) women in prison had a significantly greater likelihood of having met the 12-month diagnostic criteria when compared to women in the community. The most prevalent disorders among the female prisoners were: drug use disorder (57%), major depression (44%), Posttraumatic stress disorder (36%), and personality disorders. Almost a quarter (24%) of respondents were identified as a ‘case’ on the psychosis screen. Conclusions: In the present study female prisoners had significantly higher rates of the mental disorders investigated (with the exceptions of OCD and alcohol harmful use) when compared with women in the community. The pattern of disorder found among female prisoners is consistent with the abuse literature, suggesting that histories of abuse among the prison population may account for part of the discrepancy. These results highlight the need for improved assessment and treatment resources to meet the demands of this population.

scholarly journals Disease perception and coping strategies for stress in Polish patients with various mental disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-137
Author(s):  
Marta Kłak ◽  
Wioletta Karina Ozga
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Positive Reinterpretation ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Disease Perception

Abstract Introduction: Nowadays more and more people struggle with mental problems associated with fast pace of life and overpowering stress. Individuals affected by mental disorders frequently apply ineffective methods of coping with stress, and their attitudes towards the disease in fact strengthen the psychopathological symptoms. The purpose of the present study was to compare disease perception and coping strategies for stress in Polish patients with various types of mental disorders. Material and Methods: The study involved 123 patients with depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, alcohol related disorders, subjects detained due to psychoactive substance-induced psychotic disorders and amnestic syndromes, staying at Mental Healthcare Centre. Measurements of the variables were carried out using COPE Inventory and Disease Perception Questionnaire. Results: The type of mental disorder differentiated the group with respect to the use of strategies aimed at seeking instrumental and emotional support, planning, positive reinterpretation, focus on emotions and substance use. There are significant differences between patients in the approach to illness as a task, weakness and threat. Conclusions: The results show that the type of mental disorder is important in the context of the strategies used for coping with stress and the patients' approach to their condition.

577 The Intersection Between Burns and Psychiatric Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S130-S131
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Gasteratos ◽  
Pantelis Voitsidis ◽  
Nikolaos Vlahopoulos ◽  
Abra H Shen
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction Burns constitute a major health problem accounting together with fires for more than 300.000 deaths per year worldwide and for a great rate of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Identifying the relationship between mental disorders and burns is crucial since the former seems to constitute an important risk factor for the latter. At the same time, clinical experience and scientific evidence suggest that survivors of burns often develop psychiatric sequelae, causing poorer outcomes and lower quality of life. Methods We conducted a systematic review in order to study the relationship between burns and psychopathology as well as the quality of life. We used the search engine “PubMed” with the term “((psychiatric[Title/Abstract]) OR psychological[Title/Abstract]) AND burns[Title/Abstract]” without limits regarding the time of publication, resulting in 761 studies. Using the Covidence online platform that enables screening of the articles by two reviewers, we screened the articles, first by title and abstract and then by full text. Non-English papers or papers with no full texts will be excluded from the study. We aim to register the review in the official international prospective register of the National Institute for Health Research (PROSPERO). Results Preliminary results suggest that a history of mental disorder is common among burn patients, whether self-inflicted or not. Research tends to focus on self-inflicted burns which are expected to show such an association. Indeed, psychotic disorders, drug dependence and depression constitute significant risk factors for self-immolation. At the same time, the presence of a mental disorder may be associated with a worse prognosis (burn complications, patient morbidity, and mortality, multiple hospitalizations, increased cost for treatment). Burn survivors are also at risk for developing psychiatric complications, such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety disorders, as well as experiencing a lower quality of life. It appears that the disfigurement, loss of function and change in body image perception caused by the burns lead to the emergence or recurrence of a psychiatric condition. Last but not least, the relationship between delirium in the Burns Intensive Care Unit patients is well established. Conclusions There seems to exist a significant ambidirectional connection between burns and mental disorders. Higher rates of mental disorders among burn patients in the pre- and post-burn period complicate the situation and lead to poorer results if left untreated. Applicability of Research to Practice Identifying risk factors for burns associated with the medical history, early recognition and appropriate treatment of mental disorders after the burn incident, improving rehabilitation and psychosocial re-integration of this patient population.

scholarly journals S130. ALTERNATIVE METRICS TO QUANTIFY PREMATURE MORTALITY IN MENTAL DISORDERS. A POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S84-S85
Author(s):  
Nanna Weye ◽  
Natalie Momen ◽  
Maria Christensen ◽  
Kim Iburg ◽  
John McGrath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Drug Use Disorders ◽  
Comorbid Mental Disorders

Abstract Background The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study uses Years of Life Lost (YLLs) to quantify premature mortality. This is a useful metric from many perspectives, however because GBD acknowledges only a small number of mental disorders as causes of death (CoDs), the true impact of mental disorders on premature mortality is underestimated. Recently, methods have been introduced that compare people with a disorder to the general population by estimating Life Years Lost (LYLs). The aim of this study was to present register-based estimates of both YLLs and LYLs related to mental disorders. Methods We used nationwide registers to examine a cohort of all 6,989,627 people aged 0–94 years living in Denmark in 2000–2015. Using the GBD approved set of mental health-related CoDs (eating disorders, drug use disorders, alcohol use disorder and suicide), YLLs were estimated. In addition, we calculated all-cause and cause-specific differences in life expectancy after a mental disorder diagnosis as excess LYLs between those with a specific mental disorder and the age- and sex-matched general Danish population. The disorders of interest were alcohol use disorder, drug use disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, personality disorders, developmental intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, ADHD and conduct disorder. Excess LYLs related to counts of comorbid mental disorders were also examined (i.e. those diagnosed with at least two, three or four disorders). Results Alcohol use disorder and suicide were the leading causes of YLLs (alcohol use disorder: Men 568.7 YLLs, women 155.5 YLLs per 100,000 person-years; suicide: Men 590.1 YLLs, women 202.3 YLLs per 100,000 person-years). However, all mental disorders were associated with shorter life expectancies using LYLs. Men and women diagnosed with any mental disorder had 11.22 (95% CI 11.09; 11.35) and 7.89 (95% CI 7.76; 8.01) years shorter life expectancies respectively, and the difference increased in those with comorbid mental disorders. Drug use disorders were associated with the largest excess LYLs (17.99 (95% CI 17.49; 18.53) in men and 15.29 (95% CI 14.70; 15.88) in women), however common disorders such as depressive disorders and anxiety disorders were also associated with substantive premature mortality (e.g. in men, 8.27 and 7.52 LYLs, respectively). Schizophrenia was associated with 13.80 (95% CI 13.47; 14.14) excess LYLs in men and 11.77 (95% CI 11.38; 12.13) in women. Discussion Register-based studies allow the calculation of precise individual YLLs and LYLs. The novel LYL metric seems to better capture the true impact of mental disorders on premature mortality and also facilitates the exploration of comorbidity and specific CoDs in those with mental disorders.

The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and its associated factors in general health care in Taiwan

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. LIU ◽  
M. PRINCE ◽  
B. BLIZARD ◽  
A. MANN
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
General Health ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Major Health Problem

Background. This paper reports the prevalence, disability, sociodemographic and clinical association of psychiatric morbidity among attenders in general health care in Taiwan where, as in the rest of non-Western countries, few studies have been carried out.Methods. A cross-sectional survey with a two-phase design was carried out at out-patient clinics of three health stations and a general hospital.Results. A total of 990 patients completed the brief screen in the first phase, 486 of whom completed the independent assessment in the second phase. The proportion of screening positives was 46·0% and the weighted prevalence of definite psychiatric disorder was 38·2%. Common mental disorders were associated with female gender and unemployment. Housewives, students and patients with higher educational attainment were at lower risk of having alcohol use disorders. Patients with common mental disorders were more likely to present with psychological complaints, to attribute their illness to psychosocial causes and to perceive their mental and physical health as poor. Psychiatric morbidity was associated with excess life events. Common mental disorders, particularly depressive disorders, were significantly associated with self-reported disability.Conclusions. Psychiatric morbidity is a major health problem in general health care in Taiwan. Physicians should be aware of these health problems.

scholarly journals Prevention: an achievable goal in personalized medicine

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-454 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Number Needed To Treat ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Optimal Target

In the past 15 years a considerable number of studies have found evidence that it may be possible to prevent the onset of some mental disorders. Most evidence is available for depressive disorders, but a growing number of studies have focused on anxiety disorders and psychotic disorders. This paper reviews the studies which have examined the effects of preventive interventions on the incidence of mental disorders in people who do not meet criteria for a mental disorder at baseline. More than 20 studies have examined prevention of depressive disorders, and they have found an overall reduction in the incidence of about 25% compared with control groups. The problem of identifying the most optimal target groups for preventive interventions is also illustrated. This is a problem because most risk indicators have a low specificity, and most people with a risk indicator do not develop a mental disorder. Finally, this paper will show how other statistics, such as the exposure rate, the attributable fraction, and the number needed to treat can help in identifying the most optimal target groups for preventive interventions.

Inspiration Space

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milene GONÇALVES ◽  
Katja THORING ◽  
Roland M. MUELLER ◽  
Petra BADKE-SCHAUB ◽  
Pieter DESMET
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environments ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Expert Interviews ◽  
Learning Spaces ◽  
Causal Graph ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Creative Learning ◽  
Design Students

Building on the assumption that the physical environment can have an influence on the creativity of designers and design students in particular, the aim of this paper is to provide theoretical propositions and evidences for this relationship. We develop various propositions about the influence of physical environments on creativity, based on eight expert interviews and supported by literature. A particular focus was given to the environments of design educational institutions. We present a summary of the main insights and visualize the developed propositions as a causal graph addressing how space influences creativity. These propositions can be regarded as a first step towards a theory of creativity-supporting learning environments and they can serve as a reference when designing or adjusting creative learning spaces.

scholarly journals Impact of arthritis on the perceived need and use of mental healthcare among Canadians with mental disorders: nationally representative cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e041371
Author(s):  
Alyssa Howren ◽  
J Antonio Aviña-Zubieta ◽  
Deborah Da Costa ◽  
Joseph H Puyat ◽  
Hui Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Need ◽  
Mental Health Support ◽  
Health Support

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between having arthritis and the perceived need for mental healthcare and use of mental health support among individuals with mental disorders.DesignA cross-sectional analysis using data from Canadian Community Health Survey—Mental Health (2012).SettingThe survey was administered across Canada’s 10 provinces using multistage cluster sampling.ParticipantsThe study sample consisted of individuals reporting depression, anxiety or bipolar disorder.Study variables and analysisThe explanatory variable was self-reported doctor-diagnosed arthritis, and outcomes were perceived need for mental healthcare and use of mental health support. We computed overall and gender-stratified multivariable binomial logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, income and geographical region.ResultsAmong 1774 individuals with a mental disorder in the study sample, 436 (20.4%) reported having arthritis. Arthritis was associated with increased odds of having a perceived need for mental healthcare (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.71, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.77). In the gender-stratified models, this association was increased among men (aOR 2.69, 95% CI 1.32 to 5.49) but not women (aOR 1.48, 95% CI 0.78 to 2.82). Evaluation of the association between arthritis and use of mental health support resulted in an aOR of 1.50 (95% CI 0.89 to 2.51). Individuals with arthritis tended to use medications and professional services as opposed to non-professional support.ConclusionComorbid arthritis among individuals with a mental disorder was associated with an increased perceived need for mental healthcare, especially in men, underscoring the importance of understanding the role of masculinity in health seeking. Assessing the mental health of patients with arthritis continues to be essential for clinical care.

Tobacco smoking and mental disorders in Australian adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 000486742110096
Author(s):  
David Lawrence ◽  
Sarah E Johnson ◽  
Francis Mitrou ◽  
Sharon Lawn ◽  
Michael Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Current Tobacco

Objectives: This study aimed to (1) examine the strength of the association between mental disorders/mental health problems, risk behaviours and tobacco smoking among Australian adolescents, (2) compare rates of tobacco smoking among Australian adolescents with major depressive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and/or conduct disorder in 2013/14 vs 1998, and (3) identify the extent to which an association between tobacco smoking and mental health problems among adolescents can be attributed to non-mental health risk factors. Methods: The study utilised data from the first (1998) and second (2013/14) child and adolescent components of the National Surveys of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Both surveys identified nationally representative samples of Australian young people aged 4–17 years, living in private dwellings. Information was collected from parents and 13- to 17-year-olds about mental disorders, mental health problems, risk behaviours and tobacco smoking. Results: In the 2013/14 survey, the rate of current tobacco smoking among those with a mental disorder was 20% compared to 5% in those without a mental disorder. Rates were highest for young people with conduct disorder (50%), major depressive disorder (24%) and anxiety disorders (19%). In 2013/14, 38% of current tobacco smokers had a mental disorder and 32% reported self-harm and/or suicidal ideation vs 10% and 5%, respectively, among adolescents who had never smoked. Females with mental disorders or reporting self-harm or suicidal ideation had higher rates of current smoking than males. Other significant factors associated with current smoking included school-related problems, binge eating and having had more than one sexual partner. Conclusion: While smoking rates in 13- to 17-year-olds with mental disorders had declined since 1998, the strength of the association between mental disorders and smoking had increased, especially among females. Our findings highlight the need to address the tobacco smoking among adolescents with mental disorders, particularly females.

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