Cross-sectional echocardiographic determination of right ventricular volume and myocardial mass in children. Normal values and values in children with interatrial communication

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Jin ◽  
Walter Briedigkeit ◽  
Andreas Gamillscheg ◽  
Felix Berger ◽  
Jonathan R Skinner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Interatrial Communication ◽  
Systolic Volume ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
End Systolic Volume

AbstractCross-sectional echocardiography was performed on 108 healthy children (7 days – 17 years old) and 55 children (6 months - 16.5 years old) with interatrial communication. Right ventricular end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, stroke volume, ejection fraction, muscle volume, and the ratio of muscle to cavity were calculated on the basis of outlined cavity and myocardium of an apical fourchamber view.In the normal subjects right ventricular end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, stroke volume and muscle volume correlated with body surface area (end-diastolic volume: y=12.5x+7.8x2, r=0.99; end-systolic volume: y=4.8x+3.6x2, r=0.98; stroke volume: y=7.7x+4.2x2, r=0.98; muscle volume: y=14.1x+2.9x2, r=0.97), muscle/cavity ratio (0.85±0.17) and ejection fraction (58.9 ± 6.2%) were unrelated to body surface area. In the subjects with interatrial communication, the right ventricular volumes were significantly larger (p<0.001) than the normal values with a linear relationship to the ratio of pulmonary to systemic flows.Right ventricular volumes can be determined in normal children with acceptable repeatability using a standard apical four-chamber view. The growth related normal values provide a basis for future quantitative studies.

Biplane ventriculography in the rat

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (1) ◽  
pp. H131-H136
Author(s):  
J. L. Heckman ◽  
L. Garvin ◽  
T. Brown ◽  
W. Stevenson-Smith ◽  
W. P. Santamore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Systolic Volume ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
End Systolic Volume

Biplane ventriculography was performed on nine intact anesthetized rats. Images of the left ventricle large enough for analysis were obtained by placing the rats close to the radiographic tubes (direct enlargement). Sampling rates, adequate for heart rates of 500 beats/min, were obtained by filming at 500 frames/s. From the digitized silhouettes of the left ventricle the following information was obtained (means +/- SE): end-diastolic volume 0.60 +/- 0.03 ml, end-systolic volume 0.22 +/- 0.02 ml, stroke volume 0.38 +/- 0.02 ml, ejection fraction 0.63 +/- 0.02, cardiac output 118 +/- 7 ml/min, diastolic septolateral dimension 0.41 +/- 0.01 mm, diastolic anteroposterior dimension 0.40 +/- 0.01 mm, diastolic base-to-apex dimension 1.58 +/- 0.04 mm. To determine the accuracy with which the volume of the ventricle could be measured, 11 methyl methacrylate casts of the left ventricle were made. The correlation was high (r = 0.99 +/- 0.02 ml E) between the cast volumes determined by water displacement and by use of two monoplane methods (Simpson's rule of integration and the area-length method applied to the analysis of the anteroposterior films) and a biplane method (area-length). These results demonstrate that it is possible to obtain accurate dimensions and volumes of the rat left ventricle by use of high-speed ventriculography.

Rapid in vivo determinations of instantaneous right ventricular pressure and volume in dogs

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (4) ◽  
pp. H622-H630 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Schwiep ◽  
S. S. Cassidy ◽  
M. Ramanathan ◽  
R. L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Systolic Volume ◽  
Pentobarbital Anesthesia ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
End Systolic Volume ◽  
Radiopaque Markers ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Isovolumic Relaxation

We have developed a method for measuring in vivo canine right ventricular (RV) volume at a frequency of 60 Hz. In six dogs (17-22 kg), under pentobarbital anesthesia, 18 radiopaque markers were surgically implanted in the RV myocardium to maximally represent the RV shell. The xyz-coordinates of the markers were obtained from biplane cineradiographic recordings. RV volume was calculated from the polyhedron created by the markers by decomposing the polyhedron into 24 tetrahedrons, each of whose volumes could be solved from the xyz-coordinates of markers. RV volume was obtained each 16.7 ms, permitting detailed representation if RV volume dynamics. RV end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and ejection fraction averaged 41.3 +/- 10.9, 23.0 +/- 5.8, and 0.44 +/- 0.05 ml, respectively. By simultaneously measuring RV pressure, RV pressure-volume loops were constructed that demonstrated that RV ejection occurred without significant isovolumic contraction, although isovolumic relaxation occurred at end systole. RV systolic elastance was determined in two dogs by imposing four levels of RV afterload. Maximal systolic elastance averaged 4.14 mmHg/ml under control conditions and 9.20 mmHg/ml during dobutamine infusion.

scholarly journals Effect of the mechanical ventilatory cycle on thermodilution right ventricular volumes and cardiac output

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Johan Groeneveld ◽  
Remco R. Berendsen ◽  
Anton J. Schneider ◽  
Ioannis A. Pneumatikos ◽  
Leo A. Stokkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Systolic Volume ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
End Systolic Volume

The purpose of this study was to evaluate right ventricular (RV) loading and cardiac output changes, by using the thermodilution technique, during the mechanical ventilatory cycle. Fifteen critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation, with 5 cmH2O of positive end-expiratory pressure, mean respiratory frequency of 18 breaths/min, and mean tidal volume of 708 ml, were studied with help of a rapid-response thermistor RV ejection fraction pulmonary artery catheter, allowing 5-ml room-temperature 5% isotonic dextrose thermodilution measurements of cardiac index (CI), stroke volume (SV) index, RV ejection fraction (RVEF), RV end-diastolic volume (RVEDV), and RV end-systolic volume (RVESV) indexes at 10% intervals of the mechanical ventilatory cycle. The ventilatory modulation of CI and RV volumes varied from patient to patient, and the interindividual variability was greater for the latter variables. Within patients also, RV volumes were modulated more by the ventilatory cycle than CI and SV index. Around a mean value of 3.95 ± 1.18 l · min−1 · m−2 (= 100%), CI varied from 87.3 ± 5.2 (minimum) to 114.3 ± 5.1% (maximum), and RVESV index varied between 61.5 ± 17.8 and 149.3 ± 34.1% of mean 55.1 ± 17.9 ml/m2 during the ventilatory cycle. The variations in the cycle exceeded the measurement error even though the latter was greater for RVEF and volumes than for CI and SV index. For mean values, there was an inspiratory decrease in RVEF and increase in RVESV, whereas a rise in RVEDV largely prevented a fall in SV index. We conclude that cyclic RV afterloading necessitates multiple thermodilution measurements equally spaced in the ventilatory cycle for reliable assessment of RV performance during mechanical ventilation of patients.

Volumetric response of right ventricle during progressive supine exercise in men

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (3) ◽  
pp. H751-H754 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mols ◽  
C. H. Huynh ◽  
N. Naeije ◽  
H. R. Ham
Keyword(s):  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Radionuclide Ventriculography ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Systolic Volume ◽  
Ventricular Stroke Volume ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
Right Ventricular Stroke Volume

Right ventricular (RV) adaptation to supine exercise has been studied in 10 young male volunteers by 81mKr electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated radionuclide ventriculography. During progressive supine exercise, the ejection fraction gradually increased from a mean value of 46% at rest up to 60% at a maximal exercise level. End-diastolic volume however remained unchanged at a low exercise level and even slightly decreased at a higher exercise level. Little or no change in end-diastolic volume and an increase in ejection fraction produced a significant decrease in end-systolic volume and a net increase in stroke volume. These results indicate that the Frank-Starling mechanism does not contribute to the increase in right ventricular stroke volume during progressive supine exercise, but the increase in right ventricular stroke volume rather seems related to an increased contractility, presumably mediated by an increased sympathetic activity.

scholarly journals Magnetic Resonance Comparison of Left-Right Heart Volumetric and Functional Parameters in Thalassemia Major and Thalassemia Intermedia Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Liguori ◽  
Francesca Pitocco ◽  
Ilenia Di Giampietro ◽  
Aldo Eros De Vivo ◽  
Emiliano Schena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Thalassemia Intermedia ◽  
Right Heart ◽  
Systolic Volume ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
End Systolic Volume

Objectives. To evaluate a population of asymptomatic thalassemia major (TM) and thalassemia intermedia (TI) patients using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). We supposed that TI group could be differentiated from the TM group based onT2∗and that the TI group could demonstrate higher cardiac output.Methods. A retrospective analysis of 242 patients with TM and TI was performed (132 males, 110 females; mean age39.6±8years; 186 TM, 56 TI). Iron load was assessed byT2∗measurements; volumetric functions were analyzed using steady-state-free precession sequences.Results. Significant difference in left-right heart performance was observed between TM with iron overload and TI patients and between TM with iron overload and TM without iron overload (P<0.05); no significant differences were observed between TM without iron overload and TI patients. A significant correlation was observed betweenT2∗and ejection fraction of right ventricle- (RV-) ejection fraction of left ventricle (LV); an inverse correlation was present amongT2∗values and end-diastolic volume of LV, end-systolic volume of LV, stroke volume of LV, end-diastolic volume of RV, end-systolic volume of RV, and stroke volume of RV.Conclusions. CMR is a leading approach for cardiac risk evaluation of TM and TI patients.

Use of the Frank-Starling mechanism during submaximal versus maximal upright exercise

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (6) ◽  
pp. H1101-H1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Plotnick ◽  
L. C. Becker ◽  
M. L. Fisher ◽  
G. Gerstenblith ◽  
D. G. Renlund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Blood Pool ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Systolic Volume ◽  
Early Exercise ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
Blood Pool Scintigraphy ◽  
End Systolic Volume

To evaluate the extent to which the Frank-Starling mechanism is utilized during successive stages of vigorous upright exercise, absolute left ventricular end-diastolic volume and ejection fraction were determined by gated blood pool scintigraphy at rest and during multilevel maximal upright bicycle exercise in 30 normal males aged 26-50 yr, who were able to exercise to 125 W or greater. Left ventricular end-systolic volume, stroke volume, and cardiac output were calculated at rest and during each successive 3-min stage of exercise [25, 50, 75, 100, and 125–225 W (peak)]. During early exercise (25 W), end-diastolic and stroke volumes increased (+17 +/- 1 and +31 +/- 4%, respectively), with no change in end-systolic volume. With further exercise (50–75 W) end-diastolic volume remained unchanged as end-systolic volume decreased (-12 +/- 4 and -24 + 5%, respectively). At peak exercise end-diastolic volume decreased to resting level, stroke volume remained at a plateau, and end-systolic volume further decreased (-48 +/- 7%). Thus the Frank-Starling mechanism is used early in exercise, perhaps because of a delay in sympathetic mobilization, and does not appear to play a role in the later stages of vigorous exercise.

scholarly journals The effect of left ventricle ischemia severity on cardiac performance appeared on ejection fraction using radioactive TC 99m MIBI in comparison with echocardiography

2021 ◽  
Vol 2114 (1) ◽  
pp. 012006
Author(s):  
M K Mohammed ◽  
S I Essa
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Systolic Volume ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
End Systolic Volume ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Ischemic heart disease is a major causes of heart failure. Heart failure patients have predominantly left ventricular dysfunction (systolic or diastolic dysfunction, or both). Acute heart failure is most commonly caused by reduced myocardial contractility, and increased LV stiffness. We performed echocardiography and gated SPECT with Tc99m MIBI within 263 patients and 166 normal individuals. Left ventricular end systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured. For all degrees of ischemia, there was a significant difference between ejection fraction values measured by SPECT and echocardiography, and there were no significant differences among end systolic volume and end diastolic volume value calculated by two methods for all cases. The mean value for EDV (ECHO)/EDV (SPECT) was 1.07 ± 0.31 for degree (1, 2); in the degree 3 the mean value was 1.02 ± 0.08, and 1.005 ± 0.07 for degree 4. The mean value for ESV (ECHO)/ESV (SPECT) was 1.08 ± 0.34 for degree (1, 2); while 1.03 ± 0.12, 1.021 ± 0.128 for degree 3 and 4 respectively. This study was showed a good relation between left ventricular size and ejection fraction measured by SPECT with Tc99m, and echocardiography.

Comparison of left ventricular volumes by dye dilution and angiographic methods in the dog

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz J. Hallermann ◽  
G. C. Rastelli ◽  
H. J. C. Swan
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Left Ventricular Volumes ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Systolic Volume ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
End Systolic Volume ◽  
Fundamental Error ◽  
Indicator Dye

In each of 12 mongrel dogs, data for end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and stroke volume of the left ventricle were obtained by two independent methods: the indicator dilution method and a radiographic method. While the values for stroke volume showed good agreement between the two methods, a significant and directionally constant difference was found between values for end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume calculated by the two different methods. This was observed in dogs with fast heart rates (exceeding 150 beats/min), as well as in dogs with heart rates of about 100 beats/min. The findings strongly suggest that a fundamental error is present in estimations of volume based on the washout of an indicator dye.

scholarly journals Echocardiography of right ventricular-arterial coupling predicts survival of elderly patients with heart failure and reduced to mid-range ejection fraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Marco Rosa ◽  
Andreina D'Agostino ◽  
Stefano Giovinazzo ◽  
Giovanni La Malfa ◽  
Paolo Fontanive ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Ace Inhibitor ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Systolic Volume ◽  
End Systolic Volume ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Echocardiography of right ventricular (RV)-arterial coupling obtained by the estimation of the ratio of the longitudinal annular systolic excursion of the tricuspid annular plane and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (TAPSE/PASP) has been found to be a remarkable prognostic indicator in patients with HF. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of TAPSE, PASP and their ratio in the prognostic stratification of outpatients with HF aged ≥70 years and reduced to mid-range ejection fraction (EF). A complete echocardiographic examination was performed in 400 outpatients with chronic HF and left ventricular (LV) EF ≤50% who averaged 77 years in age. During a median follow-up period of 25 months (interquartile range: 8-46), there were 135 cardiovascular deaths. Two different Cox regression models were evaluated, one including TAPSE and PASP, separately, and the other with TAPSE/PASP. In the first model, LV end-systolic volume index, age, no angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor use, TAPSE, PASP and gender were found to be independently associated with the outcome after adjustment for demographics, clinical, biochemical, echocardiographic data. In the second model, TAPSE/PASP resulted the most important independent predictor of outcome (hazard ratio [HR]:0.07, p<0.0001) followed by LV end-systolic volume index, no ACE inhibitor use, age and gender. The use of the variable TASPE/PASP improved the predictive value of the new multivariable model (area under the curve [AUC] of 0.74 vs AUC of 0.71; p<0.05). TASPE/PASP improved the net reclassification (NRI = 14.7%; p<0.01) and the integrated discrimination (IDI = 0.04; p<0.01). In conclusion, the study findings showed that assessment of RV-arterial coupling by TAPSE/PASP was of major importance to assess the prognosis of patients with chronic HF and LV EF ≤50% aged ≥70 years.

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