Increased levels of brain and atrial natriuretic peptides after the first palliative operation, but not after a bidirectional Glenn anastomosis, in children with functionally univentricular hearts

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Håkan Wåhlander ◽  
Andreas Westerlind ◽  
Göran Lindstedt ◽  
Per-Arne Lundberg ◽  
Daniel Holmgren
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Function ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
Palliative Operation ◽  
Bidirectional Glenn ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

We evaluated the concentrations of the brain and atrial natriuretic peptides in the plasma as markers of ventricular function and volume load in children with functionally univentricular hearts. We studied 7 children aged from 0.5 to 0.7 years with functionally univentricular hearts who had undergone a first palliative operation, and 10 children aged from 1.8 to 3.7 years who had undergone a bidirectional Glenn anastomosis at ages ranging from 0.4 to 1.0 year. As a control group, we studied 14 children without heart defects aged from 0.1 to 4.5 years. Levels of the brain natriuretic peptide were measured at 8.3 to 122 ng/l, with a mean of 52.8 ng/l, after the first palliative operation, compared to 0 to 16 ng/l, with a mean of 7.3 ng/l, after a bidirectional Glenn anastomosis, and 0 to 13.8 ng/l, with a mean of 5.9 ng/l, in the children serving as controls. Corresponding values for atrial natriuretic peptide were 17 to 203 ng/l, with a mean of 103 ng/l, after the first palliative operation, compared to 16 to 54 ng/l, with a mean of 29 ng/l, after the bidirectional Glenn anastomosis, and 12 to 52 ng/l, with a mean of 32 ng/l in the controls. Echocardiography showed that all the children with functionally univentricular hearts had normal ventricular function. Blood presssure, pulmonary arterial pressure, and arterial saturations of oxygen did not differ between the groups. We conclude, that in children with functionally univentricular hearts, the volume overload imposed on the heart after the first palliative operation is associated with increased production of brain and atrial natriuretic peptides, while after ventricular unloading, levels of the natriuretic peptides return to control values.

Atrial Natriuretic Factors and the Brain (Les facteurs natriurétiques auriculaires et le cerveau)

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi Quirion
Keyword(s):  
International Society ◽  
Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Biological Actions ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Factors ◽  
Natriuretic Factors ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

Canadian scientists have played a major role in the discovery and characterization of various atrial natriuretic factors (ANF). It is now clear that this family of polypeptides induces multiple biological actions in a broad variety of peripheral tissues including the kidney, adrenal gland, and blood vessels. One generalized observation derived from multiple studies reveals that these peptides most likely act as important modulators of homeostasis by modulating the production of various body fluids. Recently, it became clear that the atrial natriuretic factors present in the central nervous system could influence various brain functions. Thus, the ANF-like peptides should be considered as a new family of brain–heart peptides.The present symposium, the first of its kind, was organized to examine and critically discuss the evidence for putative roles of atrial natriuretic peptides in the brain. It was clearly demonstrated that atrial natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity is widely distributed in mammalian and nonmammalian brains with a high number of cell bodies and (or) fiber terminals present in areas associated with water and salt intake and with the control of cardiovascular parameters. The gene transcripts responsible for the production of brain atrial natriuretic polypeptides have been isolated and their characteristics appear to be similar to those found in peripheral tissues. The presence and plasticity of specific brain ANF receptor sites have also been reported. It appears that at least one population of sites is associated with the activation of guanylate cyclase and it was also shown that specific ANF receptors are located on brain microvessels and can modulate the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Finally, it has been shown that atrial natriuretic polypeptides exert various biological actions in the brain including electrophysiological effects in the hypothalamus, modulation of water and salt intake, alteration of various cardiovascular parameters, and release of certain pituitary hormones.Interactions with dopaminergic pathways, vasopressin, and (or) angiotensin II systems could be associated with some biological effects of atrial natriuretic peptides in the brain. Naturally, much remains to be known on the exact physiological role of brain atrial natriuretic factors, but this meeting represents the first attempt towards the integration of the most recent findings in this exciting research area.This symposium was an official satellite of the first joint meeting of the International Society for Neurochemistry and the American Society for Neurochemistry, held in Venezuela in May–June 1987. The success of the symposium has been ensured by generous donations from the International Society for Neurochemistry, the Medical Research Council of Canada, and various companies including Amersham International (England), ANAWA Trading SA (Switzerland), Ayerst Laboratories (U.S.A.), Bachem (Switzerland), Bayer AG (West Germany), Bio-Mega Inc. (Canada), Ciba-Geigy Corporation (U.S.A.), Dupont Canada – New England Nuclear Co. (Canada), Eli Lilly Research Laboratories (U.S.A.), Farmitalia Carlo Erba (Italy), Institut Henri Beaufour (France), Merck Sharp &Dohme Research Laboratories (U.S.A.), Miles Laboratories Inc. (U.S.A.), Monsanto Co. (U.S.A.), Novabiochem (Switzerland), Novopharm Ltd. (Canada), Peninsula Laboratories (U.S.A.), and the Peptide Institute and Protein Research Foundation (Japan).

Changes in the plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptides during mineralocorticoid escape in man

1987 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 531-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco P. Cappuccio ◽  
Nirmala D. Markandu ◽  
Martin G. Buckley ◽  
Giuseppe A. Sagnella ◽  
Angela C. Shore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

1. Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were measured by radioimmunoassay in eight normal healthy volunteers before and during mineralocorticoid escape. 2. Mean plasma ANP on a fixed sodium intake before fludrocortisone was 6.5± sem 1.1 pg/ml. Within 24 h of fludrocortisone administration there was a significant increase in plasma ANP which continued to increase daily reaching a plateau by day 4 (14.9 ± 2.4 pg/ml) to day 7 (15.1 ± 2.6 pg/ml). 3. The rise in plasma ANP was closely related to the amount of sodium retained during the fludrocortisone treatment and the sodium ‘escape’ occurred by days 4 to 7. 4. These results support the concept that ANP could play an important hormonal role in overcoming the sodium-retaining effects of mineralocorticoids in man.

Atrial natriuretic peptide in eel plasma, heart and brain characterized by homologous radioimmunoassay

1992 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Takei ◽  
K. Ando ◽  
M. Kawakami
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Molecular Form ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Molecular Forms ◽  
Brain Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

ABSTRACT A highly specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay has been developed for the measurement of eel atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). The antiserum, raised against eel ANP-(1–27) did not cross-react with two other eel natriuretic peptides, i.e. eel ventricular natriuretic peptide and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), or with any mammalian ANPs, CNPs or brain natriuretic peptides so far identified. The minimal detectable amount was 0·39 fmol (0·90 pg)/tube with more than 99% confidence. Because of its high sensitivity, the radioimmunoassay makes it possible to measure eel ANP directly with only a few microlitres of plasma without extraction. Using the radioimmunoassay we found high levels of ANP in the atrium (11 ± 2 pmol/mg wet tissue, n = 8), and much lower levels in the ventricle (56 ±8 fmol/mg, n=8) and the brain (22±1 fmol/mg, n = 8) of eels. Eel plasma contained a large amount of ANP (247 ± 66 fmol/ml, n= 8) compared with the levels reported in mammals, although atrial levels are similar between eels and mammals. Gel-permeation chromography revealed that a major form of ANP stored in the eel atrium, ventricle and brain has a molecular mass of approximately 14 kDa but low molecular forms of about 3 kDa are predominant in eel plasma. A detailed analysis with reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography showed that a major molecular form circulating in eel plasma is ANP-(1–27). ANP-(1–27) was also detected in small amounts in the eel atrium, ventricle and brain. Journal of Endocrinology (1992) 135, 325–331

Effects of Physiological Increments in Human α-Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and Human Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Normal Male Subjects

1994 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Y. Cheung ◽  
J. E. C. Dickerson ◽  
M. J. Ashby ◽  
M. J. Brown ◽  
J. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Urinary Flow ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

1. Brain natriuretic peptide, closely related to atrial natriuretic peptide in structure, may be an important circulating hormone. Its physiological role is unclear. First, we studied the effects of incremental infusions of brain natriuretic peptide in six healthy men on plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels and the pharmacokinetics of brain natriuretic peptide. Synthetic human brain natriuretic peptide-32 was infused intravenously, at an initial rate of 0.4 pmol min−1 kg−1, doubling every 15 min until the dose rate reached 6.4 pmol min−1 kg−1, at which rate the infusion was maintained for 30 min. 2. The brain natriuretic peptide infusion raised the brain natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity from 1.4 ± 0.5 pmol/l to 21.4 ± 7.6 pmol/l. Brain natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity after the end of infusion was consistent with a bi-exponential decay, with half-lives of 2.1 min and 37 min. 3. Next, we studied the effects of low-dose infusion of brain natriuretic peptide to mimic physiological increments in the circulating levels in comparison with atrial natriuretic peptide. Six dehydrated male subjects received intravenous infusions of atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide, separately and in combination, in a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, four-part cross-over design. Atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide were given at the rate of 0.75 and 0.4 pmol min−1 kg−1, respectively, for 3 h. The control infusion consisted of the vehicle. 4. Analysis of variance showed that atrial natriuretic peptide and atrial natriuretic peptide plus brain natriuretic peptide, but not brain natriuretic peptide alone, increased urinary flow and decreased urinary osmolality significantly. However, urinary sodium excretion was significantly increased by atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide and atrial natriuretic peptide plus brain natriuretic peptide. 5. None of the four infusates significantly altered the blood pressure, heart rate or glomerular filtration rate. 6. This study showed, for the first time, that physiological increments in brain natriuretic peptide, like those in atrial natriuretic peptide, are natriuretic. Although atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide do not appear to interact synergistically, they are likely to act in concert in the physiological regulation of sodium balance.

scholarly journals Centrally and Peripherally Administered Ghrelin Potently Inhibits Water Intake in Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 1638-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Hashimoto ◽  
Hiroaki Fujihara ◽  
Makoto Kawasaki ◽  
Takeshi Saito ◽  
Minori Shibata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Area Postrema ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

Ghrelin is known as a potent orexigenic hormone through its action on the brain. In this study, we examined the effects of intracerebroventricular (icv) and iv injection of ghrelin on water intake, food intake, and urine volume in rats deprived of water for 24 h. Water intake that occurred after water deprivation was significantly inhibited by icv injection of ghrelin (0.1, 1, and 10 nmol/rat) in a dose-related manner, although food intake was stimulated by the hormone. The antidipsogenic effect was as potent as the orexigenic effect. Similarly, water intake was inhibited, whereas food intake was stimulated dose dependently after iv injection of ghrelin (0.1, 1, and 10 nmol/kg). The inhibition of drinking was comparable with, or even more potent than, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), an established antidipsogenic hormone, when administered icv, although the antidipsogenic effect lasted longer. ANP had no effect on food intake. Urine volume decreased dose relatedly after icv injection of ghrelin but not by ANP. Intravenous injection of ghrelin had no effect on urine volume. Because drinking usually occurs with feeding, food was withdrawn to remove the prandial drinking. Then the antidipsogenic effect of ghrelin became more potent than that of ANP and continued longer than when food was available. Expression of Fos was increased in the area postrema and the nucleus of the tractus solitarius by using immunohistochemistry after icv and iv injection of ghrelin. The present study convincingly showed that ghrelin is a potent antidisogenic peptide in rats.

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