scholarly journals (A103) Understanding Terror Medicine

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s28-s28 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Homeland Security ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Disaster Medicine ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Medical Issues ◽  
Healthcare Experience ◽  
Treatment Priorities

The term terror medicine emerged early in the 21st century to describe medical issues associated with terrorist events. While related to emergency and disaster medicine, the field also includes several features that are specific to terrorist attacks. The Israeli healthcare experience as related to terrorist attacks during the intifada (2000–2006), provides a base for comparison to responses elsewhere including to events in Oklahoma City (1995), Madrid (2004), and London (2005). Terror medicine covers four broad areas. First is preparedness, which encompasses hospital surge capacity, training and exercises, and the stockpiling of medical provisions for conventional and non-conventional attacks. Second is incident management, which includes protocols for on-site care, triage, distribution of victims to hospitals, and hospital-receiving procedures. Third is mechanism of injuries and responses, which ranges from determining treatment priorities in someone with multiple injuries (burn, crush, ruptured organs, etc.) to dealing with biological, chemical, or radiological exposures. Fourth, psychological consequences, involves care for acute and long-term emotional effects of a terrorist attack. Growing interest in terror medicine has been manifested in recent publications and conferences. (Egs., SC Shapira and LA Cole, Terror Medicine: Birth of a Discipline, J Homeland Security and Emerg Management, Vol. 3, No. 2 [2006] http://www.terrormedicine.com/publications_files/Terrormedicine.pdfAC; SC Shapira, JS Hammond, LA Cole, eds., Essentials of Terror Medicine, NY: Springer [2009]; Symposiums on Terror Medicine and Security, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey [Newark, NJ, July 2009; Montclair, NJ, Sept. 2010]). Efforts to prevent terrorist attacks should be among a society's highest priorities. No less important are the requirements to prepare for, respond to, and recover from these events. The more that individuals and institutions become familiar with the essentials of terror medicine, the greater the protection they can provide to others.

scholarly journals Collective Emotions and Social Resilience in the Digital Traces After a Terrorist Attack

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Garcia ◽  
Bernard Rimé
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Social Resilience ◽  
Collective Emotions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Collective Effervescence ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Twitter Users

After collective traumas such as natural disasters and terrorist attacks, members of concerned communities experience intense emotions and talk profusely about them. Although these exchanges resemble simple emotional venting, Durkheim’s theory of collective effervescence postulates that these collective emotions lead to higher levels of solidarity in the affected community. We present the first large-scale test of this theory through the analysis of digital traces of 62,114 Twitter users after the Paris terrorist attacks of November 2015. We found a collective negative emotional response followed by a marked long-term increase in the use of lexical indicators related to solidarity. Expressions of social processes, prosocial behavior, and positive affect were higher in the months after the attacks for the individuals who participated to a higher degree in the collective emotion. Our findings support the conclusion that collective emotions after a disaster are associated with higher solidarity, revealing the social resilience of a community.

scholarly journals Public Concern about Terrorism: Fear, Worry, and Support for Anti-Muslim Policies

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 237802311985682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Haner ◽  
Melissa M. Sloan ◽  
Francis T. Cullen ◽  
Teresa C. Kulig ◽  
Cheryl Lero Jonson
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Homeland Security ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Public Concern

In the era of 9/11, terrorist attacks occur with sufficient frequency and lethality to constitute a realistic threat to the well-being of the American public. Sensing this concern, politicians emphasize the threat of violent attacks to advance a platform of making public safety a priority. In this context, the authors assess the extent, sources, and emotional impact of the public’s concern about terrorism. On the basis of a national survey of 1,000 Americans, the authors examine levels of fear of a terrorist attack and worry about terrorism relative to other potential harms. They also determine whether concern about terrorism translates into support for homeland security measures that target Muslims. Of the predictors in the authors’ models, gender, religiosity, and psychological distress were most consistently associated with fear of terrorism and worry about being a victim of a terrorist attack. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that terrorism-related fear and worry predict support for anti-Muslim policies.

Psychopathological consequences after a terrorist attack: An epidemiological study among victims, the general population, and police officers

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Gabriel ◽  
Laura Ferrando ◽  
Enrique Sainz Cortón ◽  
Carlos Mingote ◽  
Eduardo García-Camba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Three Samples

AbstractBackground and aimTo assess the prevalence and correlates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depression and anxiety disorders other than PTSD, among three samples with different level of exposure to the March 11, 2004 terrorist attacks in Madrid.MethodWe sampled three groups of persons—those injured in the attacks, the residents of Alcala de Henares, and police officers involved with the rescue effort—with different exposure to the March 11, 2004 terrorist attacks, using random sampling from comprehensive censuses of all three groups. In person interviews were conducted with all three groups between 5 and 12 weeks after March 11, 2004. Questionnaire included assessment of socio-demographic characteristics, of PTSD using the Davidson trauma scale, and of a range of psychiatric illnesses using the mini international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI).ResultsThe overall sample included 127 persons injured in the attack, 485 residents of Alcalá de Henares, and 153 policemen involved in rescue. Of all three groups 57.5%, 25.9% and 3.9% of persons, respectively, reported symptoms consistent with any assessed psychiatric disorder. The use of psychoactive medication before March 11, 2004 was consistently the main predictor of PTSD and major depression among those injured and of major depression and anxiety disorders others than PTSD among residents of Alcala.ConclusionsThere was a substantial burden of psychological consequences of the March 11, 2004 terrorist attacks two months after the event. Persons with prior mental illness are at higher risk of post-event psychopathology, across groups of exposure.

scholarly journals Collective Emotions and Social Resilience in the Digital Traces After a Terrorist Attack

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Garcia ◽  
Bernard Rime
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Social Resilience ◽  
Collective Emotions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Collective Effervescence ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Twitter Users

After collective traumas such as natural disasters and terrorist attacks, members of concerned communities experience intense emotions and talk profusely about them. Although these exchanges resemble simple emotional venting, Durkheim’s theory of collective effervescence postulates that these collective emotions lead to higher levels of solidarity in the affected community. We present the first large-scale test of this theory through the analysis of digital traces of 62,114 Twitter users after the Paris terrorist attacks of November 2015. We found a collective negative emotional response followed by a marked long-term increase in the use of lexical indicators related to solidarity. Expressions of social processes, prosocial behavior, and positive affect were higher in the months after the attacks for the individuals who participated to a higher degree in the collective emotion. Our findings support the conclusion that collective emotions after a disaster are associated with higher solidarity, revealing the social resilience of a community.

scholarly journals Psychological follow-up and its perception in civilians involved in the January 2015 terrorist attack in Paris, France

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Vuillermoz ◽  
Y Montreff ◽  
P Pirard ◽  
S Lesieur ◽  
P Chauvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The People ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Main Message ◽  
Charlie Hebdo

Abstract Background A terrorist attack occurred in Paris in January 2015 against the staffs of the Charlie Hebdo magazine and a kosher grocery. This study examined the psychological follow-up and the non-satisfaction of the people civilians involved in the terrorist attacks. Methods The IMPACTS survey, an open cohort study of civilians involved in the terrorist attacks was conducted 6-10 (wave 1) and 18-22 months (wave 2) after the attacks. Psychologists interviewed in face-to-face 190 civilians in wave 1 and 123 of them participate to the wave 2. A questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, exposure level, social support, psychological support and perception, impact on work and social functioning, and mental health disorders. Results In wave 1 (N = 190), 24% of participants had initiated a regular follow-up with a psychologist or a psychiatrist. Reasons of non-follow-up were: they had refused because they did not feel the need or they did not want to talk about it (60%), it was not suggested to them (30%), or they have already had a follow-up before (12%). In wave 2 (N = 123), 25% had a regular follow-up with a psychologist/psychiatrist since the events, 22.0% had had a follow-up but not anymore in wave 2, 15% did not have a follow-up in wave 1 but they had in wave 2 and 38.2% never had. Psychological aid from professionals for resilience has not been appropriate for 32% of the participants at 6 months and for 39% at 18 months. In both waves, non-satisfaction of follow-up was more frequent among witnesses than with those who were directly exposed. Conclusions Six months after the January 2015 terrorist attacks in Paris, among the participants without psychological follow-up, it was not offered to nearly a third of participants. In order to enhance resilience, psychological aid should also be provided to those who have not been directly exposed. Main message Psychological follow-up should be provided to all civilians in short and long-term.

scholarly journals Workshop: Terrorist attacks and aftercare

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Public Health Issue

Abstract In recent years several European countries have been confronted with terrorist attacks. Since the Oklahoma City Bombing in 1995, there has been a growing evidence of trauma-research showing that survivors and witnesses of such attacks not only are affected physically, often with serous injuries, but also often experience severe mental health problems, such as PTSD, depression, or anxiety, which can take months or years to fade away. Moreover, such impact not only affect directly involved, but also indirectly involved persons (e.g. relatives of victims) and even the broader population. Terrorism has become a public health issue, challenging researchers to profoundly study determinants of terrorism as well as the ways of how to organise and install adequate preparedness before and proper responses and effective healthcare for populations in need after an attack. Until now, aftercare for people directly or indirectly affected by terrorist attacks and for the broader population gets rather little scientific attention. How did the health care services respond to such attacks? How should they respond and why? Were these services adequately prepared? Have survivors sought out help themselves? While there is an increasing body of knowledge on the association between a terrorist attack and PTSD, depression or other mental health problems, there is little known on the psychological aid that was given, and to whom this was given. In this workshop, research findings on aftercare after terrorism will be presented and discussed. Four researchers from three different European countries confronted with terrorist attacks in recent years (France, Belgium and Norway) will present their findings. Dr. Cécile Vuillermoz will present data on the immediate and long-term aftercare for civilians following the attacks on Charlie Hebdo in January 2015 in France, while Dr. Stephanie Vandentorren will present data on the psychosocial aid provided to directly exposed, witnesses and relatives after these attacks. Drs. Roel Van Overmeire will focus on the psychosocial aid offered to rescue workers shortly after the attacks in Belgium, and the months and years after. Finally, Dr. Lise Eilin Stene will give a presentation on current problems of healthcare in Europe in reaching those inflicted by terrorism and other traumatic events, while pointing to solutions and challenges for the future. Key messages More research is necessary to find adequate ways of reaching vulnerable people in need of psychosocial aid after terrorist attacks. More scientific insight is needed in the mental health impact of and the proper psychosocial aid response after large-scale traumatic events, in the direct aftermath as well as in the long term.

Marauding terrorist attack (MTA): prehospital considerations

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 389-395
Author(s):  
Ravi Chauhan ◽  
Bianca M Conti ◽  
Damian Keene
Keyword(s):  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Major Incident ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Dynamic Scene ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
The Public ◽  
Terrorist Incident ◽  
Scene Management ◽  
Haemorrhage Control

Terrorist attacks are increasing each year as are the number of deaths associated with them. Recent incidents have seen a shift in tactics with the use of multiple terrorists across multiple locations with firearms or knives, referred to as the marauding terrorist attack. These methods are becoming more prevalent alongside the use of vehicles deliberately aimed at pedestrians. Management of these incidents can be challenging. Not only it involves a large number of casualties but also the management of a dynamic scene in terms of both location and threat from attack. In order to improve response, and potentially outcomes, a system or response needs to have preplanned and practised procedures in place. This article reviews major incident management for those unfamiliar with current prehospital practice and details some of the findings from recent marauding terrorist firearm attacks, in particular the evolution of newer scene management tools such as 3 Echo and THREAT. It highlights the importance of haemorrhage control and the public initiatives focusing on actions during a terrorist incident.

The foundations of peaceful coexistence after the war ... Mosul is a model

2019 ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Omar Hashim Thanon
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Peaceful Coexistence ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Mass Displacement ◽  
The Common ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Post War ◽  
Common Destiny

Since peaceful coexistence reflects in its various aspects the concept of harmony between the members of the same society with their different national, religious and sectarian affiliations, as well as their attitudes and ideas, what brings together these are the common bonds such as land, interests and common destiny. But this coexistence is exposing for crises and instability and the theft of rights and other that destroy the communities with their different religious, national, sectarian, ethnic aspects, especially if these led to a crisis of fighting or war, which produces only destruction and mass displacement, ttherefore, the process of bridging the gap between the different parts of society in the post-war phase through a set of requirements that serve as the basis for the promotion of peaceful coexistence within the same country to consolidate civil and community peace in order to create a general framework and a coherent basis to reconstruct the community again.      Hence the premise of the research by asking about the extent of the possibility and ability of the community of religious and ethnic diversity, which has been exposed to these crises, which aimed at this diversity, basically to be able to rise and re-integrate within the same country and thus achieve civil and community peace, and Mosul is an example for that, the negative effects of the war and the accomplices of many criminal acts have given rise to hatred and fear for all, leading to the loss of livelihoods, which in the long term may have devastating social and psychological consequences.        To clarify all of this, the title of the first topic was a review of the concept and origin of peaceful coexistence. While the second topic dealt with the requirements of peaceful coexistence and social integration in Mosul, the last topic has identified the most important challenges facing the processes of coexistence and integration in Mosul. All this in order to paint a better future for the conductor at all levels in the near term at the very least to achieve the values of this peaceful coexistence, especially in the post-war period.

Solitary median maxillary central incisor syndrome (SMMCI): A 4-year evaluation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Atar ◽  
Egbert Körperich
Keyword(s):  
Birth Defects ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Developmental Abnormalities ◽  
Maxillary Central Incisor ◽  
Medical Issues ◽  
Long Term Prognosis

The present report follows the case of a young boy with solitary median maxillary central incisor (SMMCI) syndrome between the ages of 4 and 7 years. This condition is characterized by the presence of one single maxillary central incisor in the midline instead of two central incisors. No other developmental abnormalities involving growth or brain function were noted at, or subsequent, to birth. This report includes a discussion of the aetiology of SMMCI syndrome and its association with birth defects such as holoprosencephaly (HPE), CHARGE and VACTERL, as well as a discussion of the long-term prognosis and associated dental and medical issues for this particular patient

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