Regional Birth Outcomes after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami in Miyagi Prefecture

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichi Sugawara ◽  
Noriyuki Iwama ◽  
Tetsuro Hoshiai ◽  
Hideki Tokunaga ◽  
Hidekazu Nishigori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Miyagi Prefecture ◽  
Preterm Birth Rate ◽  
Regional Risk Analysis

AbstractObjectivesThis study was aimed to analyze post-disaster birth outcomes in coastal and inland regions of Miyagi Prefecture, Japan.MethodsPrimary data sets were compiled from birth records of obstetric facilities and 12,808 patients were analyzed for baseline birth outcomes by region. Regional risk analysis of the low-birth-weight rate and premature birth rate were conducted using multi-level logistic regression analysis.ResultsFrom overall baseline birth outcomes, a preterm birth rate was 4.6% and low-birth-weight rate was 8.8%. Regional analysis revealed that a preterm birth rate was 3.2% (coastal) and 5.0% (inland), respectively, and the rate of low birth weight was 6.5% in the coastal and 8.5% in the inland region. In the risk analysis of low-birth-weight rate and preterm birth rate, the risk in the coastal region could not be considered any higher than in the inland region (adjusted odds ratio 0.91 [0.73-1.14] and 0.85 [0.46-1.59], respectively).ConclusionsThe incidence of preterm birth and low birth weight were not adversely affected by the disaster. Early transfer and intensive medical intervention may have led to those findings. Further survey will be necessary to determine the long-term effects in both mothers and children.SugawaraJ, IwamaN, HoshiaiT, TokunagaH, NishigoriH, MetokiH, OkamuraK, YaegashiN. Regional birth outcomes after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami in Miyagi Prefecture. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(2):215–219.

scholarly journals Mass incarceration and public health: the association between black jail incarceration and adverse birth outcomes among black women in Louisiana

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Dyer ◽  
Rachel Hardeman ◽  
Dovile Vilda ◽  
Katherine Theall ◽  
Maeve Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Adverse Birth Outcomes

Abstract Background A growing body of evidence is beginning to highlight how mass incarceration shapes inequalities in population health. Non-Hispanic blacks are disproportionately affected by incarceration and criminal law enforcement, an enduring legacy of a racially-biased criminal justice system with broad health implications for black families and communities. Louisiana has consistently maintained one of the highest rates of black incarceration in the nation. Concurrently, large racial disparities in population health persist. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of all births among non-Hispanic black women in Louisiana in 2014 to identify associations between parish-level (county equivalent) prevalence of jail incarceration within the black population and adverse birth outcomes (N = 23,954). We fit a log-Poisson model with generalized estimating equations to approximate the relative risk of preterm birth and low birth weight associated with an interquartile range increase in incarceration, controlling for confounders. In sensitivity analyses, we additionally adjusted for the parish-level index crime prevalence and analyzed regression models wherein white incarceration was used to predict the risk of adverse birth outcomes in order to quantify the degree to which mass incarceration may harm health above and beyond living in a high crime area. Results There was a significant 3% higher risk of preterm birth among black women associated with an interquartile range increase in the parish-level incarceration prevalence of black individuals, independent of other factors. Adjusting for the prevalence of index crimes did not substantively change the results of the models. Conclusion Due to the positive significant associations between the prevalence of black individuals incarcerated in Louisiana jails and estimated risk of preterm birth, mass incarceration may be an underlying cause of the persistent inequities in reproductive health outcomes experienced by black women in Louisiana. Not only are there economic and social impacts stemming from mass incarceration, but there may also be implications for population health and health inequities, including the persistence of racial disparities in preterm birth and low birth weight.

Association of US state policy orientation with adverse birth outcomes: a longitudinal analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-214858
Author(s):  
Alicia R Riley ◽  
Daniel Collin ◽  
Jacob M Grumbach ◽  
Jacqueline M Torres ◽  
Rita Hamad
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Policy Orientation

BackgroundThe current US context is marked by extreme right–left partisanship, which means that state policies tend to bundle together and are not experienced in isolation. While prior work has leveraged abrupt shifts in single policies to examine the effects of state policy on birth outcomes, we examined a holistic measure that captures political polarisation.MethodsData were drawn from national birth certificates for 2003–2017 (N=56 770 470). Outcomes included preterm birth, low birth weight, small-for-gestational age and other perinatal health measures. The primary exposure was a composite index of right–left state policy orientation, generated from historical data on 135 state policies. Multivariable regressions were used to estimate the association between state policy orientation and each outcome, adjusting for relevant covariates.ResultsCompared with infants born in states with right-leaning policy orientations, those born in left-leaning states had lower odds of adverse birth outcomes (eg, low birth weight: OR 0.95 (0.93, 0.97), preterm birth: OR 0.94 (0.92, 0.95)). Subgroup analyses revealed stronger associations for US-born and White mothers. With the inclusion of state fixed effects, left-leaning policy orientation was no longer associated with lower odds of adverse birth outcomes. Models were otherwise robust to alternative specifications.ConclusionWhile left-leaning state policy orientation has protective associations with a range of birth outcomes, the associations may be explained by stable characteristics of states, at least during the study period. Future studies should examine state policy orientation in association with other health outcomes and study periods.

scholarly journals Dengue during pregnancy and live birth outcomes: a cohort of linked data from Brazil

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e023529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enny S Paixão ◽  
Oona M Campbell ◽  
Maria Gloria Teixeira ◽  
Maria CN Costa ◽  
Katie Harron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectivesDengue is the most common viral mosquito-borne disease, and women of reproductive age who live in or travel to endemic areas are at risk. Little is known about the effects of dengue during pregnancy on birth outcomes. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of maternal dengue severity on live birth outcomes.Design and settingWe conducted a population-based cohort study using routinely collected Brazilian data from 2006 to 2012.ParticipatingWe linked birth registration records and dengue registration records to identify women with and without dengue during pregnancy. Using multinomial logistic regression and Firth method, we estimated risk and ORs for preterm birth (<37 weeks’ gestation), low birth weight (<2500 g) and small for gestational age (<10thcentile). We also investigated the effect of time between the onset of the disease and each outcome.ResultsWe included 16 738 000 live births. Dengue haemorrhagic fever was associated with preterm birth (OR=2.4; 95% CI 1.3 to 4.4) and low birth weight (OR=2.1; 95% CI 1.1 to 4.0), but there was no evidence of effect for small for gestational age (OR=2.1; 95% CI 0.4 to 12.2). The magnitude of the effects was higher in the acute disease period.ConclusionThis study showed an increased risk of adverse birth outcomes in women with severe dengue during pregnancy. Medical intervention to mitigate maternal risk during severe acute dengue episodes may improve outcomes for infants born to exposed mothers.

scholarly journals Paternal Involvement and Fetal Morbidity Outcomes in HIV/AIDS

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina P. Alio ◽  
Alfred K. Mbah ◽  
Krupa Shah ◽  
Euna M. August ◽  
Sharon Dejoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Paternal Involvement ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Absent Fathers ◽  
Hiv Positive Mothers

Prior research indicates that infants with absent fathers are vulnerable to unfavorable fetal birth outcomes. HIV is a recognized risk factor for adverse birth outcomes. However, the influence of paternal involvement on fetal morbidity outcomes in women with HIV remains poorly understood. Using linked hospital discharge data and vital statistics records for the state of Florida (1998-2007), the authors assessed the association between paternal involvement and fetal growth outcomes (i.e., low birth weight [LBW], very low birth weight [VLBW], preterm birth [PTB], very preterm birth [VPTB], and small for gestational age [SGA]) among HIV-positive mothers ( N = 4,719). Propensity score matching was used to match cases (absent fathers) to controls (fathers involved). Conditional logistic regression was employed to generate adjusted odds ratios (OR). Mothers of infants with absent fathers were more likely to be Black, younger (<35 years old), and unmarried with at least a high school education ( p < .01). They were also more likely to have a history of drug ( p < .01) and alcohol ( p = .02) abuse. These differences disappeared after propensity score matching. Infants of HIV-positive mothers with absent paternal involvement during pregnancy had elevated risks for adverse fetal outcomes (LBW: OR = 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05-1.60; VLBW: OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.05-2.82; PTB: OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.13-1.69; VPTB: OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.13-2.90). Absence of fathers increases the likelihood of adverse fetal morbidity outcomes in women with HIV infection. These findings underscore the importance of paternal involvement during pregnancy, especially as an important component of programs for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.

scholarly journals Air pollutants-particular matter (PM)2.5 with antenatal exposure leading to Adverse Obstetrical Outcomes of Birth Weight and Preterm Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otgontuya Altangerel ◽  
Yin-Hwa Shih ◽  
Jiun-Yi Wang ◽  
Wen-Yih Wu ◽  
Te-Fu Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Prenatal Health ◽  
Pm 2.5 ◽  
Obstetrical Outcomes

Abstract Introduction:  PM 2.5  exposure impacts on prenatal health and birth outcomes including low birth weight and preterm delivery.  Objective:  To identify and explore PM 2.5  exposure on adverse obstetrical outcomes including preterm birth and low birth weight.  Method:  A total of 409 studies was identified by searching from PUBMED, EMBASE, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE, and SCIENCE DIRECT. Of the 409 articles from 1982 to 2020, 24 articles were identified qualitatively considered, and 7 articles were quantitively eligible included in this meta-analysis. The pooled effect of PM  2.5  exposure and LBW, PTD were calculated using a random effect model with significant heterogeneity.Totally, 7 studies conducted in meta-analysis, and the pooled effect of PM 2.5  exposure in LBW and entire pregnant were 1.033 (95%CI: 1.025, 1.041) with significant high heterogeneity (I 2 = 96.110, P=0.000). The pooled effect of PM 2.5 exposure PTD and entire pregnant were 1.024 (95%CI: 1.015, 1.033) with significant different low heterogeneity  (I 2 = 60.036, P=0.082).  Discussion:  Although prenatal exposure of PM 2.5  during pregnancy is significantly associated with the risk of LBW, the risk of PTD is a significant differrent, but consistently associated with PM 2.5 .  Conclusion:  Globally, PM 2.5  exposure is significantly associated with serious outcomes of pregnancy and birth outcomes across the world. It appears in the prenatal health emerging risks that government is needed to influence the health policies to pursue on maternal and child health.    Key words:  “maternal”,  “prenatal”, “air pollution”, “PM 2.5 ”, “Preterm Birth”, and ”Low Birth Weight.”

scholarly journals Does geography matter? comparing maternal stressors to birth outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Amy E. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Experience Of Stress ◽  
Infant Birth ◽  
Childbearing Women

Background: The US continues to see rising trends in the incidence of maternal morbidity and mortality, which contributes to poor infant birth outcomes of preterm birth and low birth weight. The purpose of this dissertation study was to examine the relationship between the experience of stress and birth outcomes of weight and gestational age based on whether the mother resided in a rural or urban location in the state of Missouri. Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted using the Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services PRAMS survey between 2007-2019. There were 15,938 respondents -- 11,475 urban and 4,463 rural. Stress measures included responses from 13 items on the PRAMS survey related to the experience of stress within the 12 months before delivery of their infant. A mean stress score for each participant was created, which was an average of the 13 stressors experienced. The 13 stressors were also grouped into four different domains: Community, Family/Relationshipd Health. Participant responses are tied to birth certificate data to obtain outcome variables related to infant birth weight (<2500 grams) and gestational age (<37 weeks) at time of delivery. Univariate and multivariate models were analyzed for the total sample and also for urban and rural participants with and without covariates. Results: Rural childbearing women were younger, less likely to have received prenatal care during the first trimester and more likely to have smoked cigarettes than urban childbearing women. Urban women were more likely to have education beyond high school, and more likely to use alcohol during pregnancy. Similar to other research, Black women were more likely to experience PTB or have a LBW infant than other race/ethnicities. The number of stressors reported by both urban and rural women is similar, with rural women reporting slightly more. The experience of stress is significant for both urban and rural women, even when controlling for covariates. Stress scores significantly predicted low birth weight and preterm birth for urban participants. The four different categories of grouped stress scores were not significant for either urban or rural participants and did not significantly predict low birth weight or preterm birth. Conclusion: Health care providers should screen women for stressors related to the social determinants of health in order to provide opportunities for support and intervention. Policies that ensure access to convenient, appropriate obstetric resources for pregnant women, regardless of location could improve outcomes. Research that seeks to understand differences in health between rural and urban populations should consider additional measures related to urban and rural classification of participants.

Prematurity: Impact on Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Outcomes

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty R. Vohr
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Antenatal Steroids

Prematurity continues to be a major public health problem and, despite advances in antenatal care, prematurity rates continue to rise in the United States. Preterm and low-birth-weight (LBW) rates increased in 2006 to 12.8% and 8.3%, respectively. The very low birth weight (VLBW) (<1500 g) rate rose to 1.46% (62,283 of 4,265,996 births in 2006). In addition, the birth rate for women aged 40–44 years rose 3% to 9.4 per 1,000 between 2005 and 2006 (Martin et al. 2008). A component of the increase in the preterm birth rate remains attributed to older maternal childbearing, multiple births, and increasing rates of assisted reproductive technology (Heck et al. 1997). The increase in the number of multiple births is a concern because of the associated increased risk of death, preterm birth, low birth weight, and long-term adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Major therapeutic advances in perinatal and neonatal care in the past 20 years, including surfactant therapy, antenatal steroids for both pulmonary maturation and central nervous system protection, improved ventilation techniques, and parenteral nutritional support have resulted in a significant improvement in survival of extremely low-birth-weight infants (ELBW) (<1000 g) (National Institutes of Health [NIH] 1995; El-Metwally, Vohr, and Tucker 2000; Fanaroff, Hack, and Walsh 2003; Fanaroff et al. 2007; Hintz et al. 2005a; Hintz et al. 2005b). These infants have increased complex neonatal medical morbidities affecting all organ systems including lungs, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, and brain, and increased growth, neurological, developmental, and behavioral morbidities both in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and after discharge (Blakely et al. 2005; Ehrenkranz, 2000; Ehrenkranz et al. 2005; Laptook et al. 2005; Shankaran et al. 2004; Schmidt et al. 2003; Vohr et al. 2003; Vohr et al. 2004;Vohr et al. 2005; Walsh et al. 2005). Predicting the survival and neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants becomes a challenge since outcomes are dependent on a combination of biologic factors including gender, gestational age, birth weight, singleton versus multiple, neonatal morbidities, neonatal interventions, and post-discharge environment.

Comparison of the rates of preterm birth and low birth weight of vanishing twin and primary pregnancies conceived with assisted reproductive technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Yongbing Guo ◽  
Yu Sun ◽  
Huixia Yang ◽  
Yang Xu ◽  
Qing Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technology ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Foetal Growth ◽  
Foetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Peking University ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to compare the rate of preterm birth, low birth weight, and foetal growth restriction in assisted reproductive technology (ART) singleton pregnancies diagnosed with vanishing twin (VT) syndrome to those of ART pregnancies that were originally singleton pregnancies.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 177 pregnancies diagnosed with VT syndrome were matched and compared with 218 primary singleton pregnancies. The preterm birth and low birth weight rates of these two groups were evaluated. All pregnancies were conceived through ART and delivered at Peking University First Hospital and Hebei Xingtai Infertility Hospital from 2014 to 2016.ResultsThe preterm delivery rate (20.90 vs. 8.72%, p<0.05) was significantly higher in the ART singletons with VT syndrome than in the control singleton group. The proportion of low-birth-weight (<2500 g) infants was also higher in the VT group than in the primary singleton group (10.73 vs. 3.67%, p<0.05). In addition, the preterm birth rate of the naturally conceived singletons was significantly lower than that of the ART singletons (6.00 vs. 14.18%, p<0.05).ConclusionsART singleton pregnancies with VT syndrome have higher rates of preterm birth and low-birth-weight new-borns than ART pregnancies that were originally singleton pregnancies.

scholarly journals Fetal growth restriction in a cohort of migrants in Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Ankert ◽  
Tanja Groten ◽  
Mathias W. Pletz ◽  
Sasmita Mishra ◽  
Gregor Seliger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Caesarian Section ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Delivery Mode

Abstract Background Migrant women may have an increased risk of adverse birth outcomes. This study analyses the occurrence of low birth weight, preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction / fetal growth restriction (IUGR/FGR) in pregnant migrants. Method Cross-sectional study of 82 mother-child pairs of pregnant migrants attending medical care in Germany. Results The Median age was 27 years, 49% of patients were of oriental-asian ethnicity and median year of migration was 2015. At least one previous pregnancy was reported in 76% of patients, in 40% the delivery mode was caesarian section. Median gestational age was 39.7 weeks. Preterm birth occurred in 6.1% of pregnancies. Median gestational age for preterm birth was 32.3 weeks. Low birth weight (< 2500 g) occurred in 6.1%. Birth weights below the 10th percentile of birth weight for gestational age were observed in 8.5% of the total cohort. Conclusions Compared to German data no increased occurrence of low birth weight, preterm birth or IUGR/FGR was found. We note that the rate of caesarian section births was higher than in the general population for reasons yet to be identified. The authors propose stratification according to migration status for the national documentation of birth outcomes in Germany.

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