The 1755 Lisbon disaster, the earthquake that shook Europe

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEAN-PAUL POIRIER
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Disaster Area ◽  
Lisbon Earthquake

The Lisbon earthquake is famous for its central role in the 18th century ‘quarrel of Optimism’. The accounts of the disaster by some witnesses are presented and the contributions that the earthquake inspired to many European authors, less well-known than Voltaire, in the domains of science, literature, religion and philosophy, are summarily reviewed. The paper emphasizes the repercussions the earthquake had in Germany, quite remote from the disaster area, but intellectually much alive, at the time of Frederic II.

scholarly journals Translation Activities in the Ottoman Empire

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 949-956
Author(s):  
Berrín Aksoy
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
The West ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Turkish Literature ◽  
Closed Society ◽  
Islamic Civilization

Abstract In the Ottomans, translation activities took place without much significance until the 18th century. Due to the dominance of religion and the closed society structure, mostly texts on Islamic civilization and arts from Arabic and Persian were translated in the form of commentaries, explanations and footnotes. The only contribution of translation then may be said to be the promotion of written Ottoman Turkish which was used in Anatolia as well as among the Court circles. With the beginning of Westernization efforts in the 18th and largely in the 19th centuries, translation activities gained momentum and proliferated in kind and quantity. A large amount of books from the West and the East in the fields of science, literature, arts, social sciences, etc. were translated during that time. Although these activities were disorganized and inconsistent, they still helped the development of similar sciences and Modern Turkish Literature which was to reach its peak in the Modern Turkish Republic established in the 20 th century.

scholarly journals A critical history of British earthquakes

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (2-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. W. Musson
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Critical History ◽  
Lisbon Earthquake ◽  
History Of ◽  
Data Points ◽  
High Standards ◽  
The 19Th Century

This paper reviews the history of the study of historical British earthquakes. The publication of compendia of British earthquakes goes back as early as the late 16th Century. A boost to the study of earthquakes in Britain was given in the mid 18th Century as a result of two events occurring in London in 1750 (analogous to the general increase in earthquakes in Europe five years later after the 1755 Lisbon earthquake). The 19th Century saw a number of significant studies, culminating in the work of Davison, whose book-length catalogue was published finally in 1924. After that appears a gap, until interest in the subject was renewed in the mid 1970s. The expansion of the U.K. nuclear programme in the 1980s led to a series of large-scale investigations of historical British earthquakes, all based almost completely on primary historical data and conducted to high standards. The catalogue published by BGS in 1994 is a synthesis of these studies, and presents a parametric catalogue in which historical earthquakes are assessed from intensity data points based on primary source material. Since 1994, revisions to parameters have been minor and new events discovered have been restricted to a few small events.

scholarly journals Russian Printed Paskhalistic Books of the 18th — Early 20th Centuries

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
S.V. Tsyb ◽  
T.V. Kaigorodova
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Academic Science ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article deals with the process of transformation of the old handwritten tradition of describing Paskhaliya into a printed one. Understanding the calculations of the day of Easter was important for the daily life of the population of Ancient Rus, and therefore Old Russian writers paid attention to describing the rules of Easter calculations. For a long time, these descriptions took the form of handwritten manuscripts. After the reforms of Peter the Great in Russia, works of this genre began to take the form of printed editions. The authors aim to consider the features of the transformation of the handwritten manuscripts into modern books. As part of study, it has been found that the descriptions of Paskhaliya, published in the typographic way first, tried to repeat the handwritten samples, but then began to turn into popular descriptions of the rules for calculating Easter. Moreover, the authors of these writings looked to the development of new ways of calculating the dates of the Easter celebration. It has been linked to the fact that after the authors-priests (18th century), secular writers (journalists, officials, officers, etc.) joined the genre of describing Paskhaliya in the first half of the 19th century. The way of transformation of Paskhalistics into an entertaining genre of popular-science literature became likely, but in the second half of the 19th century the representatives of academic science restored the scientific status of this field of knowledge. At present, the achievements of the science of Paskhaliya have become an important element in the study of the chronology of ancient Russian history. In modern science, studying the history of timekeeping, Paskhalistics became one of the necessary elements for studying the chronology of ancient Russian history. It can be recognized that the printed editions of Paskhaliya played an important role in the development of modern chronological science.

scholarly journals Old Romanian Meteorological Terms

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Liviu-Ioan Pelin ◽  
Liviu Apostol
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Late 18Th Century

Abstract This paper aims to present the evolution of the meteorological terminology, from the 17th century Grigore Ureche’s chronicle and bishop Amfilohie Hotiniul's manuscript on Physics (Moldavia, late 18th Century) to the mid 19th century writings of Teodor Stamati (Moldova) and Julius Barasch (Wallachia), also considering pop science literature, newspapers, such as “Albina Românească” and weather superstitions published in various calendars, and disputed by intelectuals like Mihail Kogălniceanu.

The Lisbon Earthquake and the Age of Reason

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Elizabeth Hough ◽  
Roger G. Bilham
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Solid Core ◽  
Robert Hooke ◽  
Age Of Reason ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Lisbon Earthquake ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Acts Of God

An individual’s response to any catastrophic event, including the capacity for rebound, surely depends a great deal on one’s expectations before the event. In a short-term sense, earthquakes remain as utterly unpredictable and abrupt as they have been since the dawn of time. Looking back through history, however, it becomes apparent that some earthquakes were more unexpected— and seemingly more mercurial—than others. In the middle of the 18th century, earthquake science had barely reached its infancy. Earthquakes had fascinated, and posed a challenge to, the best minds since at least the day of Aristotle. Aristotle, Pliny the Elder, St. Thomas Aquinas—whether they viewed earthquakes as acts of God or not, they and other philosophers approached the subject with a decidedly naturalist bent. Aristotle and Pliny interpreted earthquakes as the result of subterranean winds or subterranean storms. St. Thomas Aquinas argued in favor of the scholastic approach, supporting Aristotle’s scientific views over later, more theologically oriented interpretations. During the 17th century, earthquakes continued to be the source of scientific speculation. Galileo argued that the earth had a dense, solid core. In 1680 Robert Hooke published Discourse on Earthquakes, arguably the first significant book dealing with earthquakes as a natural phenomenon. In 1750 a series of earthquakes was widely felt throughout England. During this “year of earthquakes,” shocks were felt in London on February 19 and March 29, in Portsmouth and the Isle of Wight on March 29, in northwest England and northeast Wales on April 18, and in and around Northamptonshire on October 11. These shocks are now estimated to have been no larger than mid-magnitude-4: the first two events were quite small, felt strongly in London only because their epicenters were within city limits. But pound for pound—or, rather, magnitude unit for magnitude unit—the impact of these earthquakes far outstripped their literal reverberations within the earth.

scholarly journals Um perfil de consumo do século XVIII na foz do Tejo: O caso do Mercado da Ribeira, Lisboa

2020 ◽  
pp. 1747-1760
Author(s):  
Sara da Cruz Ferreira ◽  
Rodrigo Banha da Silva ◽  
André Bargão
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Large Set ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Lisbon Earthquake

In late 2003 and in 2004, urban remodelation of the east wing of Mercado da Ribeira revealed the remains of São Paulo´s Fort and Quay. Both structures were built on top of a land filing originated by post-1755 Lisbon Earthquake city reconstruction of S. Paulo’s parish. In the layers a large set of pottery was collected, enclosing chronologies within the first half of the 18th century, a fine example of consumption pattern of Lisbon’s Western Riverfront here displayed, including some pottery categories present in 18th century daily life, often neglected by Early Modern Archaeology studies.

EPITAFIES OF THE RELATIVES OF HADJI IBRAHIM AL-URADI AS A SOURCE ON THE BIOGRAPHY OF THE SCIENTIST AND ON THE HISTORY OF GIDATL

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Sh M Khapizov ◽  
M G Shekhmagomedov
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Medieval History ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Arabic Script ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
The Look ◽  
Cultural Monuments ◽  
Written Sources

The article is devoted to the study of inscriptions on the gravestones of Haji Ibrahim al-Uradi, his father, brothers and other relatives. The information revealed during the translation of these inscriptions allows one to date important events from the history of Highland Dagestan. Also we can reconsider the look at some important events from the past of Hidatl. Epitaphs are interesting in and of themselves, as historical and cultural monuments that needed to be studied and attributed. Research of epigraphy data monuments clarifies periodization medieval epitaphs mountain Dagestan using record templates and features of the Arabic script. We see the study of medieval epigraphy as one of the important tasks of contemporary Caucasian studies facing Dagestani researchers. Given the relatively weak illumination of the picture of events of that period in historical sources, comprehensive work in this direction can fill gaps in our knowledge of the medieval history of Dagestan. In addition, these epigraphs are of great importance for researchers of onomastics, linguistics, the history of culture and religion of Dagestan. The authors managed to clarify the date of death of Ibrahim-Haji al-Uradi, as well as his two sons. These data, the attraction of written sources and legends allowed the reconstruction of the events of the second half of the 18th century. For example, because of the epidemic of plague and the death of most of the population of Hidatl, this society noticeably weakened and could no longer maintain its influence on Akhvakh. The attraction of memorable records allowed us to specify the dates of the Ibrahim-Haji pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina, as well as the route through which he traveled to these cities.

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