The Impact of a Crisis on the Innovation Systems in Europe: Evidence from the CIS10 Innovation Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-562
Author(s):  
Katerina Toshevska-Trpchevska ◽  
Elena Makrevska Disoska ◽  
Dragan Tevdovski ◽  
Viktor Stojkoski
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
National Innovation Systems ◽  
Community Innovation Survey ◽  
Innovation Output ◽  
The Impact

The varieties of the national innovation systems among European countries are reflected in the large differences, discrepancies and sometimes unexpected results in the innovation processes and their influence on labor productivity growth. The goal of this paper is to find the differences between the drivers of the innovation systems and their influence on growth of productivity between two groups of countries with different institutional settings in the period of the financial and economic crisis in Europe. The first group consists of a selection of CEE (Central and East European) countries. The second group consists of Germany, Norway, Spain and Portugal. In order to measure the role of innovation on productivity growth we use the CDM (Crépon, Duguet and Mairesse) model of simultaneous equations. The model directly links R&D engagement and intensity to innovation outcomes measured either as process or product innovation, and then estimates the effectiveness of the innovative effort leading to productivity gains. The company-level dataset is drawn from the Community Innovation Survey (CIS10). There is one common result for the two groups, that in general the probability for a typical firm to engage in innovation increases with its size. The other factors influencing the decision process differ. A firm’s productivity increases significantly with innovation output, but only with firms operating in Western Europe. The results for firms in Central and Eastern Europe indicate that these countries’ national innovation systems are vulnerable, and in periods of crises higher level of innovation output leads to lower labor productivity. Therefore, systemic faults in the national innovation systems result in their unsustainability, especially visible in periods of crises, as was the case in 2008–2010. When it comes to Western European countries, the financial and economic crisis did not have negative effects on their innovation systems as innovation activity resulted in higher levels of labor productivity. Regarding the CEE group of countries, the crisis influenced both the innovation process and labor productivity as a whole negatively.

scholarly journals What Make the Impact of the Financial Crisis on Innovation Different Across European Countries?

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (06) ◽  
pp. 1950041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyet Thi Minh Nguyen ◽  
Chau Minh Duong
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
European Countries ◽  
National Innovation Systems ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

This paper finds that the financial crisis has tremendously impacted innovation in most European countries with Greece and Lithuania being the most affected while Finland and Austria have the least negative effect on their innovation activities. Greece and Lithuania’s national innovation systems share many common characteristics which are in sharp contrast to those shared by Finland and Austria, including most notably culture, quality of the higher education system, science and technological capability, and structure of the economy. Those identified distinctions along the main dimensions of the national innovation systems between the most and least affected countries could to a large extent explain why the effect of the financial crisis is heterogeneous across European countries.

scholarly journals MEGATRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL INNOVATION NETWORKS

2018 ◽  
pp. 93-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Rylach
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Innovation Networks ◽  
National Innovation Systems ◽  
Global Innovation

Under the megatrend, we mean large-scale technological, economic, social, political changes that occur slowly, but in the long run, when they are rooted, they substantially and permanently affect most of the processes in society. Such relative stability in the trajectory of the main forces of change can predict some elements of medium and long-term future changes. The article investigates such megatrends of the development of global innovation networks as the structural nature of the global innovation system, the development of systemic interconnections in the field of innovation, the interaction of national innovation systems and global, the internationalization of innovation activity, and the paradigm of "open innovation". The methodological principles and structural elements of the concept of the national innovation system are determined in the paper, the connection of national innovation systems with the phenomenon of internationalization of the innovation sphere is explored. The theoretical principles of the phenomenon of internationalization of innovation activity are investigated, as well as the preconditions for the emergence of the concept of "open innovation" and its current trends have been established. The concept of open innovation is an important precondition for the emergence and functioning of global innovation networks. The paper analyzes the genesis and specificity of the phenomenon of global innovation networks, outlines their structure and dynamics. It has been determined that global innovation networks play an important role in the development of the modern world economy, as they stimulate international cooperation in the innovation sphere, transfer of knowledge to the world economy and general scientific and technological development and growth of world production.

scholarly journals The Ability of Selected European Countries to Face the Impending Economic Crisis Caused by COVID-19 in the Context of the Global Economic Crisis of 2008

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Róbert Oravský ◽  
Peter Tóth ◽  
Anna Bánociová
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Consumer Confidence ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Confidence Index ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
The Impact

This paper is devoted to the ability of selected European countries to face the potential economic crisis caused by COVID-19. Just as other pandemics in the past (e.g., SARS, Spanish influenza, etc.) have had negative economic effects on countries, the current COVID-19 pandemic is causing the beginning of another economic crisis where countries need to take measures to mitigate the economic effects. In our analysis, we focus on the impact of selected indicators on the GDP of European countries using a linear panel regression to identify significant indicators to set appropriate policies to eliminate potential negative consequences on economic growth due to the current recession. The European countries are divided into four groups according to the measures they took in the fiscal consolidation of the last economic crisis of 2008. In the analysis, we observed how the economic crisis influences GDP, country indebtedness, deficit, tax collection, interest rates, and the consumer confidence index. Our findings include that corporate income tax recorded the biggest decline among other tax collections. The interest rate grew in the group of countries most at risk from the economic crisis, while the interest rate fell in the group of countries that seemed to be safe for investors. The consumer confidence index can be considered interesting, as it fell sharply in the group of countries affected only minimally by the crisis (Switzerland, Finland).

Investigating the impact of the economic crisis on children's wellbeing in four European countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 102322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella D'Agostino ◽  
Francesca Gagliardi ◽  
Caterina Giusti ◽  
Antoanneta Potsi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Children’S Wellbeing ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Ensuring of labor productivity growth in the context of investment and innovation activity intensification

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariia V. Dykha ◽  
Nataliia P. Tanasiienko ◽  
Galina M. Kolisnyk
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Innovation Strategy ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Labor Productivity Growth ◽  
Technological Level ◽  
State Investment

Labor productivity determines the level and quality of life of society. The technical and technological level of production determines the level of labor productivity in the country. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to substantiate the basic theoretical principles and practical recommendations for intensification of investment and innovation activity. The object of research is the processes of the intensification of the investment and innovation activity in the system of ensuring of productivity growth. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the scientific works of domestic and foreign authors on labor productivity and ways of its increasing. As a result of the research, the level and dynamics of labor productivity in the countries of the world have been analyzed. The level of labor productivity in Ukraine in comparison with other countries has been determined. The introduction of innovations has been determined among the key factors in the growth of labor productivity. Therefore, the strategy of the investment and innovation development has been proposed. The basic principles of effective implementation of the investment-innovation strategy and the state investment-innovation policy for ensuring labor productivity growth have been substantiated. In order to achieve the goals of state investment and innovation policy and obtain the results on the growth of labor productivity, the priorities of allocation of public finance, as well as measures to enhance the development of venture capital and to stimulate the production of high-tech production have been proposed. The combination of changes from the implementation of the investment and innovation strategy, the state investment and innovation policy will result in the growth of labor productivity, ensure the competitiveness of the economy and sustainable socio-economic development of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Approach to the analysis and comparison of national innovation systems on the example of Russia and other countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 434-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Afanasiev ◽  
M. A. Lysenkova
Keyword(s):  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Econometric Modeling ◽  
Regional Innovation Systems ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Country Comparison ◽  
China And Japan ◽  
Innovation Space ◽  
The Impact

Currently, there is a tendency to evaluate the innovation system at the national level. Qualitative inter-country comparison requires quantitative and qualitative assessment of the factors influencing the innovation activity of the region. The purpose of this work was to justify quantitatively the impact of science and business on the innovation activity of the region. International patent applications are selected as an indicator reflecting the result of innovation activity in the region. Statistical hypothesis testing is carried out in this paper. The dependence between the results of innovation activity and innovation space of the region is confirmed by the methods of econometric modeling. The innovation space of the region is described in the work as a set of potential links between business and organizations that create new knowledge. The study used the official statistics of the regions of such countries as Russia, Switzerland, USA, China and Japan. Estimates of parameters of national and regional innovation systems of the Russian Federation, Switzerland, the USA, China and Japan are received by methods of econometric modeling. It is shown that the assessment of elasticity and technical efficiency of the innovation space of the region indicate the development of the innovation system. In the considered time range it is established that the Pareto-optimality property is possessed by the parameters of innovation systems of Japan, China and Switzerland. Estimates of the technical efficiency of the innovation space for a total of 190 regions according to 2012, a comparative analysis of the countries on the basis of the estimates. The paper provides a rationale for the use of parametric descriptions of national and regional innovation systems. This description can be used for cross-country comparison of the impact of science and business on the results of innovation activity, clustering of national innovation systems.

scholarly journals Rola dużych gospodarstw rolnych we wzroście produktywności pracy rolnictwa polskiego na tle sytuacji w innych wybranych krajach Unii Europejskiej

2018 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Józwiak ◽  
Zofia Mirkowska ◽  
Wojciech Ziętara
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Large Farms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Group 1

The study focuses on the analysis of labor productivity in Polish agriculture in 2005 and 2016 in comparison to selected EU-15 countries (group 1) and some countries that joined the EU after 2004. In group 1, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands and Germany are included, while in group 2 - the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Lithuania, Latvia and Hungary. The analysis particularly considers the role of large farms, the size of which was contractually agreed at 30 ha of UAA. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of large farms on the level of labor productivity in total farms and to determine the possibility of reducing the differences between labor productivity in Polish large farms in relation to analogous farms in EU-15 countries, and determining whether changes occurring in Poland differ from those occurring in large farms in other post-socialist countries. In both groups of countries there was a decrease in the number of farms and an increase in labor productivity in agriculture in general and in surveyed classes in large farms. In the countries of group 2. the rate of labor productivity growth was higher than in group 1. However, it slightly reduced the differences. Labor productivity in agriculture in the countries of Group 1 was significantly higher than in Group 2. The increase in the number and share of large farms in the structure of farms was positively correlated with labor productivity in agriculture.

Productivity Growth and Infrastructure-Related Sectors: The Case of Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Navajas ◽  
Hildegart Ahumada ◽  
Santos Espina-Mairal ◽  
Guillermo Bermúdez
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Regulatory Competition ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Capital Productivity ◽  
The Impact

This technical note examines the interactions between infrastructure and productivity growth in Mexico. To address this relation, we follow an approach that seek to tie down infrastructure productivity improvements in terms of the impact of particular types of infrastructure on particular sectors, thus providing the basis for informed decisions on investment priorities for economic growth. We have been able to identify significant relations between labor and capital productivity improvements, or capital deepening (i.e., investment) in infrastructure-related sectors and labor productivity improvements in other sectors. Sectoral infrastructure priorities can be found in the transport and energy sectors, broadly defined, with effects that have regional differences. The nature of our results points to complementary policies and the need to improve the regulatory compact for infrastructure in Mexico. Our results recommend special attention to the regulatory/competition policy approach in transport, and the electricity wholesale market.

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