scholarly journals MEGATRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL INNOVATION NETWORKS

2018 ◽  
pp. 93-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Rylach
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Innovation Networks ◽  
National Innovation Systems ◽  
Global Innovation

Under the megatrend, we mean large-scale technological, economic, social, political changes that occur slowly, but in the long run, when they are rooted, they substantially and permanently affect most of the processes in society. Such relative stability in the trajectory of the main forces of change can predict some elements of medium and long-term future changes. The article investigates such megatrends of the development of global innovation networks as the structural nature of the global innovation system, the development of systemic interconnections in the field of innovation, the interaction of national innovation systems and global, the internationalization of innovation activity, and the paradigm of "open innovation". The methodological principles and structural elements of the concept of the national innovation system are determined in the paper, the connection of national innovation systems with the phenomenon of internationalization of the innovation sphere is explored. The theoretical principles of the phenomenon of internationalization of innovation activity are investigated, as well as the preconditions for the emergence of the concept of "open innovation" and its current trends have been established. The concept of open innovation is an important precondition for the emergence and functioning of global innovation networks. The paper analyzes the genesis and specificity of the phenomenon of global innovation networks, outlines their structure and dynamics. It has been determined that global innovation networks play an important role in the development of the modern world economy, as they stimulate international cooperation in the innovation sphere, transfer of knowledge to the world economy and general scientific and technological development and growth of world production.

A System Approach to Harmonization of the Country Model of Innovative Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-83
Author(s):  
Maxim A. Rybachuk
Keyword(s):  
Triple Helix ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Quadruple Helix ◽  
National Innovation Systems ◽  
Triple Helix Model ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
Government Education ◽  
The Government ◽  
Two Parameters

One of the most common models of national innovation systems as of today is the triple helix model. Four- and five-tier constructions also exist and present an option for adapting the triple helix model to the economic conditions of different countries. In this paper, we are based on the system economic theory and propose to consider the national innovation system (NIS) of Russia as a complex of four socio-economic macro-subsystems: science, government, education, and business. In this case, science acts as a system of the object type: the government – as the environment type, education – as the process type, and business – as the project type. The interaction order and role functions of these subsystems are determined. A quantitative evaluation of the quadruple helix subsystem parity was carried out; namely, the system balance indices of the NIS of Russia for 2015–2019 were calculated. The world countries’ data used to calculate the global innovation index according to the methodology of the WIPO constitute the statistical basis for the calculation. The place of the NIS of Russia among the national innovation systems of other countries for 2019, according to two parameters: the NIS subsystems balance and the effectiveness of NIS activities, was determined. For comparison, 16 countries, divided into four groups, were selected: innovative leaders, catching-up countries, lagging countries, and outsiders. It is established that Russia belongs to the countries of the second group. It is shown that to harmonize the NIS of Russia, to increase its efficiency and move Russia to the group of leaders, it is necessary to revise the economic policy and add to it, along with increasing the efficiency of innovative activity, another goal such as improving the balance of the quadruple helix subsystems.

Public policy and national innovation system failures

2017 ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Golichenko
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Structural Factor ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Risk Compensation ◽  
Information Asymmetries ◽  
Technology Spillover ◽  
National Innovation Systems ◽  
System Failures

In the study, the general dimensions of public policy in national innovation systems are associated with the factors of its failures. The perspectives of policy facilitating the shape of actors’ motivation are analyzed in detail. The paper studies the problems of technology spillover regulation and of keeping a balance between innovation risk compensation and making actors willing to take innovation risks. The paper also considers the structural factor related to the peculiarity of innovation activity on various mesolevels of the system and to information asymmetries. The opportunities of the structural factor to enhance innovation performance are investigated.

DEVELOPMENT OF A SYSTEM FOR ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF STATE RESOURCES TO CREATE A NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AS A FACTOR IN INCREASING THE STATE'S ECONOMIC SECURITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 185-197
Author(s):  
Anatoliy B. Yaroshchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
Market Model ◽  
National Innovation Systems ◽  
Public Resources

The article considers the current and future systems for assessing the effectiveness of the use of state resources to create a national innovation system as a factor in improving the economic security of the state, the author develops a methodological approach to assessing the effectiveness of the use of state resources to create a national innovation system. The cyclical development of the world economy in the conditions of globalization is connected, first of all, with the change of technological structures, as well as with the provision of competitiveness for all levels of economic management. In the domestic and foreign economic literature, there is an idea of the national innovation system, which covers all types of economic objects in the country with innovations, increasing their competitiveness, and, thus, the national economy as a whole, and also directly affects the increase in the level of economic security of the country. Most developed countries and many developing countries have already established or are in the process of establishing their national innovation systems, built either on the basis of models already known and tested in other countries, or new, unique models for building innovation systems. The differences between these models of creation of national innovation systems of different countries are, both in the levels of economic objects, which are the basis of innovative breakthrough, and in the degree of use of public resources: "centralized model", based on public resources, or "market model", or a mixed model of "public-private partnership". These issues are the basis for consideration of the presented article. The methodological basis for writing the article was modern scientific research methods, including: dialectical method, method of system analysis, methods of analogy, comparative analysis, expert methods, structural-functional and normative approaches.

A New Approach for Analysing National Innovation Systems in Emerging and Developing Countries

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Seidel ◽  
Lysann Müller ◽  
Gerd Meier zu Köcker ◽  
Guajarino de Araújo Filho
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Local System ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
National Innovation Systems ◽  
The Status ◽  
Individual Determinants ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Emerging And Developing Countries

This paper presents a tool for the indicator-based analysis of national innovation systems (ANIS). ANIS identifies the economic strengths and weaknesses of a country-wide, regional or local system and includes a comprehensive examination and evaluation of the status of existing innovation systems. The use of a particular form of expert interviews at macro, meso and micro levels provides a detailed image of a national, regional or local economy. This analytical approach is intended mainly for emerging and developing countries, for which standard innovation benchmarking and monitoring approaches may not be appropriate. The ANIS approach provides a quick and comprehensive picture of the main scope of interventions for improving individual determinants of an innovation system. As a result, targeted policy measures can be formulated to address these determinants. Policy makers can thus benefit from clear advice when striving to overcome weaknesses in their innovation systems and in identifying those determinants that should receive special attention. An analysis of the local innovation system of Manaus in Brazil is presented here as an example.

An analysis of Japan’s connectivity to the global innovation system

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahreum Lee ◽  
Ram Mudambi ◽  
Marcelo Cano-Kollmann
Keyword(s):  
Tacit Knowledge ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
Short Product

Purpose In the modern knowledge-intensive economy, a nation’s competitiveness depends on the ability of its constituent firms to innovate. Extant research in national systems of innovation highlights institutions and public policies toward innovation as key determinants that affect firms’ innovation activities. This paper aims to widen the investigation by arguing that co-inventor connectivity allows firms to access the most tacit knowledge within global innovation systems. Therefore, it is one of the key factors that underpin a nation’s ability to develop and sustain its competitiveness. Design/methodology/approach Using a data set of 406,168 patents from US Patent and Trademark Office during the period of 1975-2004, this study analyzed the Japanese system of innovation through co-inventor networks. Findings Surprisingly, the authors found that compared to other advanced countries such as Germany and Denmark, the Japanese innovation system is quite closed. Originality/value The dimension of tacit knowledge is crucial in the current environment of rapid cycle time, short product lifespans and increasing emphasis on exploratory innovation. Hence the authors speculate that closedness to global innovation systems could be one of the reasons why many of Japan’s traditionally powerful multinational enterprises exhibit weak performance in recent years.

Methodological Aspects of Formation and Development of National Innovation Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1414
Author(s):  
Dametken TUREKULOVA ◽  
Lyazzat MUKHAMBETOVA ◽  
Nurzhamal KURMANKULOVA ◽  
Ainur KEMALOVA ◽  
Rimma SATKANOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
National Innovation Systems ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
Methodological Aspects

The article considers various approaches to the understanding of the term "national innovation system", presents the author's vision of this category. The history of the emergence and evolution of the development of the concept of a national innovation system has been studied, the main directions for the development of national innovation systems in foreign countries, and tools to support the national innovation system are presented. The characteristic of models of national innovation systems is given.

Governance of open innovation networks with national vs international scope

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Clauss ◽  
Patrick Spieth
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Innovation Networks ◽  
Governance Mechanisms ◽  
Relational Governance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Scope ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Innovation Outcomes

Purpose The realisation of joint innovation outcomes in open innovation networks is closely related to an efficient utilisation of governance mechanisms, which coordinate joint processes (e.g. knowledge sharing) and eliminate undesired behaviours (e.g. opportunism). Hence, the purpose of this paper is to analyse the complex effects of multiple governance approaches on outcomes of open innovation networks with a national and an international scope. Design/methodology/approach The study draws on a large-scale survey-based study of 100 mechanical engineering firms involved in open innovation networks. Hypotheses are tested by means of PLS structural equation modelling. Findings The evidence shows that the three governance mechanisms: transactional governance, relational governance and institutionalised governance significantly foster innovation outcomes of open innovation networks. In national open innovation networks, only relational governance exerts positive effects, internationally transactional and institutionalised governance is necessary. Research limitations/implications The study contributes to research in multiple ways. First, it shows that governance of open innovation networks is crucial for their innovation performance, thereby providing some explanations for the performance differences between certain networks. Second, the results indicate that the effects of governance mechanisms depend on the scope of the network. By showing that the effect of governance mechanisms varies under different contextual conditions the study also contributes to the ongoing debate on combined effects of governance mechanisms. Originality/value The paper fills important gaps in the existing research on the link between governance and performance in open innovation networks and delineates interesting areas for further research.

The Theoretical Views on Innovation Systems and the Application in China

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin-Li Zhao ◽  
Wen-Fei Gao
Keyword(s):  
Bohai Sea ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
River Delta ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
National Innovation Systems ◽  
Delta Area ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Basic Functions

This paper firstly introduces the different views of innovation, including the basic functions, characteristics and models of the national/sub-national innovation systems. Then, a new output model, interactive model and the main evaluating indicators of an innovation system are brought forward. The main evaluating indicators are: Innovation System Performance reflecting the previous output of the innovation system, and Innovation System Capacity expecting the future performance by effectively attracting, configuring and using all elements or resources of the innovation system. Finally, the application of innovation system in China is introduced, which includes the national innovation system and the sub-national innovation systems in The Pan-Pearl River Delta Area, Yangtze River Delta Area and Bohai Sea Rim Area.

scholarly journals Approach to the analysis and comparison of national innovation systems on the example of Russia and other countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 434-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Afanasiev ◽  
M. A. Lysenkova
Keyword(s):  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Econometric Modeling ◽  
Regional Innovation Systems ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Country Comparison ◽  
China And Japan ◽  
Innovation Space ◽  
The Impact

Currently, there is a tendency to evaluate the innovation system at the national level. Qualitative inter-country comparison requires quantitative and qualitative assessment of the factors influencing the innovation activity of the region. The purpose of this work was to justify quantitatively the impact of science and business on the innovation activity of the region. International patent applications are selected as an indicator reflecting the result of innovation activity in the region. Statistical hypothesis testing is carried out in this paper. The dependence between the results of innovation activity and innovation space of the region is confirmed by the methods of econometric modeling. The innovation space of the region is described in the work as a set of potential links between business and organizations that create new knowledge. The study used the official statistics of the regions of such countries as Russia, Switzerland, USA, China and Japan. Estimates of parameters of national and regional innovation systems of the Russian Federation, Switzerland, the USA, China and Japan are received by methods of econometric modeling. It is shown that the assessment of elasticity and technical efficiency of the innovation space of the region indicate the development of the innovation system. In the considered time range it is established that the Pareto-optimality property is possessed by the parameters of innovation systems of Japan, China and Switzerland. Estimates of the technical efficiency of the innovation space for a total of 190 regions according to 2012, a comparative analysis of the countries on the basis of the estimates. The paper provides a rationale for the use of parametric descriptions of national and regional innovation systems. This description can be used for cross-country comparison of the impact of science and business on the results of innovation activity, clustering of national innovation systems.

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