A cross-sectoral analysis of the relation between labor productivity and labor compensation in the European Union

The aim of this paper is to assess and compare the link between labor productivity and compensation in four industries — air transport, electronics, finance, and telecommunications — of twenty‐five member states of the European Union (EU) from 2000 to 2014. The long‐run and short‐run dynamics of productivity and compensation are analyzed using the pooled mean group (PMG), the mean group (MG) and the dynamic fixed effects (DFE) estimators. The results confirm the existence of a gap between productivity and compensation in each of those industries as mentioned in previous studies. However, the results show that despite that gap, the link between the two variables is not broken. That is, productivity and compensation are not only linked in the long run, but they also return to their long‐run equilibrium after every short‐run disturbance. The econometric analysis also reveals that the relation between productivity and compensation does not follow a significantly different pattern from one industry to the other. These findings robust to alternative models, estimation techniques and across industries, suggest that there are some other cross‐sectoral factors preventing productivity gains to be fully reflected on paychecks.

Salary of the employees of textile industry of Yaroslavl Governorate in the early XX century

  This article considers the questions of labor compensation of the industrial workers in prerevolutionary Russia based on the materials of one of the largest textile factories – Yaroslavl Big Manufactory (YBM). Attention is focused on the dynamics of nominal and real salaries at different phases of business cycle, as well as the ratio of salaries between high- and low-paid groups of workers in the early XX century (depending on the level of qualification and gender affiliation). The research contains the archival materials preserved in the State Archive of Yaroslavl Oblast in the fund of the Yaroslavl Big Manufactory (F. 674), including personal records of the employees and payroll registers for the period from the end of the XIX – beginning of the XX centuries. The conclusion is made that during the period of economic depression until 1908, the nominal salary of YBM employees grew faster than during the industrial ramp-up of 1909 – 1913, which was justified by the policy of factory’s administration, which in 1905 – 1907 raised the prices in order to meet the demands of the strikers. At the time of economic depression, the gap in salaries of high- and low-paid categories of workers (by professional, gender, and age groups) was reduced. In 1909 – 1913, the previous level of salary differentiation gradually came back to the situation of the period of depression. The conducted research allows formulating the hypothesis that at the time of unfavorable economic conjuncture, the entrepreneurs were oriented towards reduction of salary differentiation by raising salaries of the low-paid categories to the level of higher-paid workers; while during the years of economic upswing, the level of salary differentiation was increasing again, which was justified by intention to improve labor motivation among most qualified workers.  

International Medical Consensus Documents and Guidelines as the Basis for Getting Knowledge of Clinical Disciplines by Students

The latest data on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with specific diseases are primarily accumulated in the international consensus documents and guidelines according to scientific evidence. In Ukraine, these documents are used mainly by the scientists who present the results of their clinical trials at various congresses and professional association meetings. As for Ukrainian students, the textbooks remain the main source of their knowledge; due to a long process of their preparing and publishing, they do not keep pace with rapid changes in the international documents. One way to solve the problem described is to reorient the methodology of training students. The fundamental postulates of such training should be as follows: the study of each disease semiotics should be based on the universally accepted criteria for its diagnosis described in the latest consensus documents, and the study of treatment methods for each disease should be based on the most important international guidelines according to scientific evidence. The tasks mentioned above can be implemented through teachers’ focusing on information taken from the international guidelines and consensus documents, introducing references to these documents in the methodological materials for students, increasing students’ English proficiency, creating database for the exams on the basis of the international guidelines and consensus documents, and clear agreement of Ukrainian and international medical terminology. The implementation of all the above mentioned is not an easy task, as the introduction of any changes requires appropriate funding including labor compensation for those who provide this introduction. However, without an operative system of acquainting students with the latest achievements in medical science supported by consensus documents of the universally recognized international medical organizations, Ukrainian medicine will not be able to keep pace with global medicine, and medical graduates, at the start of their career, will lag behind their colleagues abroad.

Some Imperatives of the Russian Economic Leadership: The Development of Science

The paper outlines system capabilities of Russia to join the scientific and technological leaders through changes in the staff policy in the science field, which was the purpose of the research.The subject of the research is institutional changes occurring in science and, particularly, staff training. The status of the Russian science is assessed in terms of changes in the basic rules and their adjustment with an emphasis on material and non-material incentives, staff rotation and training of young scientists. The paper proves that the frequency and content of institutional changes affect the quality of the scientific development and the training of scientific staff; moreover, copying the rules already in use reduces the competitive potential of science. From the scientific and practical standpoint, the research is novel in that it formulates proposals for establishing a labor compensation system and introduction of basic institutions (rules) to ensure the functioning of the scientific sphere and the efficiency of functions immanent to the latter. The paper proposes a “scientific product” doctrine that can be used for assessment of a scientist’s labor, according to which the scientist creates a product that is assessed not by the citation frequency or the number of published articles and books but by the importance of discoveries in theory and practice, the significance of new formulas and methods developed. It is suggested that the scientist’s labor compensation system be presented by two levels: the current salary and the estimated value of the total scientific product created. The problem of scientific work incentives can be solved by introducing a special tariffqualification grid tied to the system of the scientist’s promotion.

PENDAMPINGAN PROGRAM KEMITRAAN PEMASARAN PRODUK HASIL PERIKANAN DI PONDOK PESANTREN SALAFIYAH SYAFI’IYAH SUKOREJO

The assistance of fishery product marketing partnership program is intended as an effort for BUMP to utilize the market potential (offline market) of fishery products at the pondok pesantren Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Sukorejo and at the same time as an effort to increase market segmentation (offline market) of fishery products by UMKM Dapur Sehati. The time of activity is held from March to April 2019. The form of assistance is analyzing the market potential of fishery products at pondok pesantren, determining the superior fishery products processed based on the market potential analysis of pondok pesantren and the added value analysis of fishery products. The assistance results show that 1) The fishery products marketing partnership program at the pondok pesantren Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Sukorejo has resulted in interest from both partners, namely BUMP pondok pesantren Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Sukorejo with UMKM Dapur Sehati to collaborate although it has not reached the agreement on the two partners. 2) The initial product that can be developed and marketed is squid crackers. Squid crackers get a market good response at the pondok pesantren Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Sukorejo. Based on the added value analysis, the production of squid crackers gets an added value of Rp. 11,231,- per kilogram with a added value ratio of 41.60%, labor compensation of Rp. 1,500,- per kilogram of raw material, labor portion 13.36% of added value, profit of Rp. 9,731,- per kilogram and profit rate of 86.64% of added value.

Estrategias fiscales aplicadas a los modelos de compensación laboral de las empresas transnacionales (Fiscal strategies applied to the labor compensation models of transnational companies)

Today, transnational companies are faced not only with domestic, but also with international competitors. To offer cost-effective professional services, organizations are required to act on subjects such as pricing models, cost structures, production processes, technological platforms, among others. In the case of Mexico, we can find cost-cutting such as outsourcing, compensation through professional fees, and others. However, what is perhaps one of the most complex structural strategies is to redesign the wages and benefits of employees, to get a model that has a tax benefit for the organization, lightening payroll tax. Under this reality, the design and implementation of such fiscal strategies constitute a factor to be considered for the local economic future and the welfare of the economically active population.Key words: compensation, fiscal strategies, retirementJEL: J33, M52Resumen. En la actualidad, las empresas transnacionales se enfrentan con competidores nacionales e internacionales. Para poder ofertar servicios profesionales eficientes en costos, las organizaciones se ven ante la necesidad de tomar medidas con respecto a temas como sus modelos de precios, estructuras de costos, procesos productivos, plataformas tecnológicas, entre otros. En el caso de México, observamos estrategias como outsourcing, la compensación a través de honorarios profesionales, entre otras. Sin embargo, una de las opciones que pareciera más compleja en su estructura, es la de rediseñar el paquete de compensación, beneficios y prestaciones de los empleados, para conseguir un modelo que tenga un beneficio fiscal para la empresa. Bajo esta realidad, el diseño e implementación de tales estrategias fiscales constituyen un factor a considerar para el futuro económico local y el bienestar patrimonial de la población económicamente activa.Palabras clave: compensación laboral, estrategias fiscales, retiro

Regulatory and Legal Support for Stimulation of Business Activities within the Framework of the Industrial Policy

The subject of the research is the employment problems of individual categories of Muscovites who are weakly protected in the labor market and actively seeking jobs. The purpose of the research was to reveal interrelationships within the age- sex structure of the unemployed registered with the Moscow employment service and their payroll claims. Four categories of the unemployed are considered: young people, graduates, parents raising underage children and people of pre-retirement and retirement age who are in unequal competitive conditions due to their socio-demographic characteristics. The methods used in the research included comparative statistical analysis, content analysis, sociological quantitative data collection, data processing using the SPSS application program. It is concluded that in the Moscow labor market the categories of the unemployed in question can clearly express their ideas about the minimum and adequate payroll levels and, depending on their belonging to a definite category, transform their labor compensation claims.

The US Bureau of Labor Statistics Productivity Program

This chapter describes the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) productivity program. It presents the BLS’s methodology and data sources used to produce estimates of aggregate and industry-level labor and multifactor productivity growth, along with a number of other productivity-related measures including unit labor costs, labor compensation, and labor share. The chapter provides a detailed description of the main elements of BLS’s productivity measures including: output concepts; how BLS calculates hours worked by combining data from three different surveys; how it accounts for changes in the composition of the labor force; its methodology for estimating capital services; and data sources for intermediate inputs. The chapter also discusses some of the measurement challenges faced by the BLS, and concludes with a discussion of projects currently under way to expand and improve its productivity statistics.