scholarly journals Implications of a Carbon-Based Energy Tax for U.S. Agriculture

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe A. Schneider ◽  
Bruce A. McCarl
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Carbon Taxes ◽  
Sector Model

Policies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions are likely to increase energy prices. Higher energy prices raise farmer costs for diesel and other fuels, irrigation water, farm chemicals, and grain drying. Simultaneously, renewable energy options become more attractive to agricultural producers. We consider both of these impacts, estimating the economic and environmental consequences of higher energy prices on U.S. agriculture. To do this we employ a price-endogenous agricultural sector model and solve that model for a range of carbon-tax-based energy price changes. Our results show mostly positive impacts on net farm income in the intermediate run. Through market price adjustments, fossil fuel costs are largely passed on to consumers. Additional farm revenue arises from the production of biofuels when carbon taxes reach $30 per ton of carbon or more. Positive environmental benefits include not only greenhouse gas emission offsets but also reduced levels of nitrogen leaching.

Greenhouse Gas Emission of Organic Waste Composting: A Case Study of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Green Campus Flagship Project

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesam Kamyab ◽  
Jeng Shiun Lim ◽  
Tayebeh Khademi ◽  
Wai Shin Hod ◽  
Rahmalan Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
The World ◽  
Green Campus

Waste generation nowadays is rising in the world and it seems hard to prevent it. Solid Waste Management (SWM) has been a major problem worldwide in most of the fast growing towns and cities among the developing countries all around the world. Food waste and green waste constitute high volumes of municipal solid waste (MSW). The application of compost in the agricultural sector can contribute to sustainable soil health and other co-benefits. The compost produced from biological waste does not contain any chemicals unfavorable to living soil. The objective of this research was to calculate the greenhouse gas emission from the compost processed from the food and green wastes generated on-campus in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) as a pilot project. The result indicated that the composting process promotes the university as a green campus by converting organic wastes into valuable products such as organic fertilizer.

scholarly journals Simulating the Impact of Carbon Taxes on Greenhouse Gas Emission and Nutrition in the UK

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Revoredo-Giha ◽  
Neil Chalmers ◽  
Faical Akaichi
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Carbon Taxes ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Hydrogen Use in an Urban District: Energy and Environmental Comparisons

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Vellini ◽  
Jacopo Tonziello
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario

Hydrogen technology is becoming ever more relevant because hydrogen use can help in containing greenhouse gas emission if CO2 capture and storage technologies are implemented in the hydrogen production pathway (when hydrogen is produced from fossil fuels). This work aims at carrying out a comparative analysis of possible energy scenarios in urban districts. A medium-small Italian city is considered as a reference case, and its energy consumption both for domestic and industrial use is evaluated. The current situation in which conventional technologies meet the energy needs is compared with a hypothetical scenario where hydrogen is largely used. Two options of hydrogen production from commercially ready technologies are investigated: coal gasification and steam methane reforming, as well as hydrogen use in advanced energy systems for transports and for thermal and electric energy generations. Also, the environmental impacts are evaluated. This study is particularly focused on greenhouse gas emissions with specific reference to carbon dioxide. The final goal is to define an alternative scenario, quantifying the energy needs and the relative environmental impacts in order to obtain quantitative information on the environmental benefits of the hydrogen scenario, as well as to identify its possible structural and functional criticalities.

PESTICIDE AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXTERNALITIES FROM US AGRICULTURE — THE IMPACT OF THEIR INTERNALIZATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE

2013 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 1350008 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIKOLINKA SHAKHRAMANYAN ◽  
UWE A. SCHNEIDER ◽  
BRUCE A. McCARL
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Emission Mitigation ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

Climate change may affect the use of pesticides and their associated environmental and human health impacts. This study employs and modifies a partial equilibrium model of the US agricultural sector to examine the effects of alternative regulations of the pesticide and greenhouse gas emission externality. Simulation results indicate that without pesticide externality regulations and low greenhouse gas emission mitigation strategy, climate change benefits from increased agricultural production in the US are more than offset by increased environmental costs. Although the combined regulation of pesticide and greenhouse gas emission externalities increases farmers' production costs, their net income effects are positive because of price adjustments and associated welfare shifts from consumers to producers. The results also show heterogeneous impacts on preferred pest management intensities across major crops. While pesticide externality regulations lead to substantial increases in total water use, climate policies induce the opposite effect.

scholarly journals Application of DNDC Model for Mapping Greenhouse Gas Emission from Paddy Rice Cultivation in Nam Dinh Province

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Le Trang ◽  
Bui Thi Thu Trang ◽  
Mai Van Trinh ◽  
Nguyen Tien Sy ◽  
Nguyen Manh Khai
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Paddy Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Dndc Model

Abstract: This study used the Denitrification-Decomposition (DNDC) model to calculate greenhouse gas emissions from a paddy rice cultivation in ​​Nam Dinh province. The results show that the total CH4 emission from paddy rice field in Nam Dinh province ranges from 404 to 1146kg/ha/year. Total N2O emissions range from 0.8 to 4.2 kg/ha/year; The total amount of CO2e varies between 10,000 and 30,000 kg CO2e / ha / year. CH4 emissions on typical salinealluvial soils, light mechanics are the highest and lowest on alkaline soils. Alluvium, alkaline soils have the highest N2O emissions and the lowest is the typical saline soils. The study has also mapped CH4, N2O and CO2e emissions for Nam Dinh province. Keywords: DNDC, Green house gas, agricultural sector, Nam Dinh,  GIS. References: [1] Bộ Tài nguyên và Môi trường, Báo cáo kỹ thuật kiểm kê quốc gia KNK của Việt Nam năm 2014, NXB Tài Nguyên Môi trường và Bản đồ Việt Nam, 2018.[2] D.L. Giltrap, C.Li, S. Saggar, DNDC: A process-based model of greenhouse gas fluxes from agricultural soils, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment,Volume 136 (2010), 292–300. https://doi:10.1016/j.agee.2009.06.014.[3] Viện Thổ nhưỡng Nông hóa, Báo cáo kết quả đề tài: “Nghiên cứu, đánh giá tài nguyên đất sản xuất nông nghiệp phục vụ chuyển đổi cơ cấu cây trồng chính có hiệu quả tại tỉnh Nam Định”, 2017.[4] Trung tâm Khí tượng thủy văn quốc gia – Bộ TN&MT, Số liệu thống kê khí tượng thủy văn các trạm khí tượng Văn Lý, Nam Định, Ninh Bình, Thái Bình năm 2014, 2015.[5] Niên giám thống kê tỉnh Nam Định, 2015.[6] T. Weaver, P. Ramachandran, L. Adriano, Policies for High Quality, Safe, and Sustainable Food Supply in the Greater Mekong Subregion. ADB: Manila. (2019) Chapter 7, 178-204.[7] Mai Văn Trịnh, Sổ tay hướng dẫn đo phát thải khí nhà kính trong canh tác lúa. NXB Nông nghiệp, 2016.    

scholarly journals Sustainability governance of the Danish bioeconomy — the case of bioenergy and biomaterials from agriculture

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niclas Scott Bentsen ◽  
Søren Larsen ◽  
Inge Stupak
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Agricultural Crop

Abstract Background The EU bioeconomy strategy aims to accelerate the European bioeconomy and its contributions to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement. National policies and strategies in many countries promote their bioeconomies. The importance of agricultural crops and residues as raw materials for the bioeconomy is increasingly recognised, but agricultural production also contributes to large impacts on nature and environment. With the aim of assessing the governance measures and their effectiveness in addressing the sustainability of bioenergy and biofuel production, the purpose of this study was to map the governance complex relevant to agricultural crop production in Denmark, and to identify the achievements, challenges and lessons learned. Methods The analysis is based on a review and assessment of publicly available databases, inventory reports and scientific literature on governance measures and their effectiveness. Governance here includes a variety of legislation, agreements, conventions and standardisation. Environmental sustainability is represented by greenhouse gas emissions from the agricultural sector, soil carbon, water quality and biodiversity. Results The agricultural sector has a significant impact on Danish climate performance and on landscapes in the form of soil carbon losses, leaching of nutrients to water bodies and pressures on biodiversity. The governance complex addressing these issues is made up of a variety of state regulation and co-regulation between state and firms, state and NGOs, or NGOs and firms. Much regulation is adopted from EU directives and implemented nationally. Conclusions The analysis found that greenhouse gas emission is a virtually unregulated field and additional regulation is required to live up to Denmark’s 2030 emission reduction targets. The regulatory framework for soil carbon is criticised for its complexity, its competing instruments and its recognition procedures of voluntary co-regulation. For water quality governance measures in place have improved water quality, but it is still difficult to achieve the goals of the Water Framework Directive. It remains a challenge to protect biodiversity in agriculture. Biodiversity is mainly governed by national and supranational regulation, but co-regulating between state and firms and NGOs and firms have been initiated in the framework of the Agricultural Agreement.

Climate Change and Trade Facilitation: Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emission Savings from Implementation of Cross-Border Paperless Trade in Asia and the Pacific

2021 ◽  
pp. 263168462110355
Author(s):  
Yann Duval ◽  
Simon Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Trade Facilitation ◽  
Framework Agreement ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The Pacific

The Framework Agreement on Facilitation of Cross-Border Paperless Trade in Asia and the Pacific entered into force in February 2021. While economic benefits associated with paperless trade facilitation are well known, little attention has been paid to measuring the potential environmental benefits. Accordingly, this article sets out to quantify the amount of greenhouse gas emissions that could be saved if all trade-related paper documents in the region are ultimately replaced by digital documents and data exchange, as foreseen in the regional framework agreement. This is carried out by combining detailed descriptions of trade transactions, data on trading volumes and relevant emission factors. Even with conservative assumptions, the emissions saved by fully digitalising a single end-to-end trade transaction are equivalent to planting 1.5 trees. For the Asia-Pacific, this implies savings of about 13 million tons of CO2e annually, equivalent to the carbon absorbed by 400 million trees. The results are driven by efficiency gains from handling data digitally rather than by the direct savings of paper and ink. JEL Classification: F18, H83, Q56

IMPROVING PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY IN THE ICE CREAM INDUSTRY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevena Veselinović ◽  
◽  
Jelena Nikolić
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Ice Cream ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Carbon Taxes ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency

The food industry is a large consumer of energy that depends on fossil fuels, the combustion of which releases large amounts of CO2. The paper examines the possibility of reducing the use of non – renewable energy sources through a detailed energy audit and consideration of measures to increase energy efficiency and renewable energy sources in the ice cream craft industry. The cost-effectiveness of the proposed measures is observed for two scenarios. The first scenario covers the current situation in Serbia, in which there are no carbon taxes, and the price of energy is relatively low compared to other countries in Europe. The second „German scenario“ implies carbon taxes in the amount of 55€/tCO2, which is expected to, with the same energy prices, significantly reduce the repayment period and affect the ranking of measures. The analysis is performed to consider how the carbon tax reflects on the motivation of craft producers to improve energy efficiency.

scholarly journals Do cover crops enhance soil greenhouse gas losses during high emission moments under temperate Central Europe conditions?

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gernot Bodner ◽  
Axel Mentler ◽  
Andreas Klik ◽  
Hans-Peter Kaul ◽  
Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Cover Cropping ◽  
Main Crop ◽  
High Emission ◽  
Soil Microbiological Activity ◽  
The Cost

SummaryCover cropping is a key agro-environmental measure in Europe. Cover crops may reduce N2O emissions by reducing soil nitrate content, while easily decomposable residues can enhance greenhouse gas losses. In a field study, emissions from the cover cropped fields compared to the fallow at two climatically different sites (semi-arid vs. humid) in Austria were measured with closed chambers and different driving factors were studied. The height of post-cover crop emissions was compared to gaseous losses during the management operations in the subsequent main crop maize. N2O and CO2emissions following the cover crops were low even at high emission moments compared to the losses induced by the main crop management operations. Highest risk of N2O losses was from mustards due to low C/N ratio and possibly as a consequence of glucosinolate decomposition. CO2emissions in the cover cropped plots were generally higher compared to the fallow, indicating an enhanced soil microbiological activity. Dissolved organic carbon was found as a sensitive indicator related to the greenhouse gas emissions. We concluded that the environmental benefits from cover cropping are not achieved at the cost of an enhanced greenhouse gas emission and that pure stands of late sown brassica cover crops should be avoided to prevent any risk of increased N2O losses.

scholarly journals Global Warming Policy: A Public Finance Perspective

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M Poterba
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
National Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Carbon Taxes ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
International Policies

In the last few years, a substantial volume of research has considered the design of taxes to slow greenhouse gas emissions as well as the economic effects of such policies. In this paper, I summarize the insights that have emerged from this work. I begin by explaining that while efficiency considerations create a presumption for using coordinated international policies to alter greenhouse gas emissions, the prospects for such action are bleak. Then I focus on the public finance of carbon taxes at the national level, considering the design of such taxes as well as their incidence across and within nations. Next, I focus on greenhouse gas emission policies that could be enacted in less-developed countries, such as the elimination of fossil fuel subsidies and other policies to slow deforestation. Finally I suggest several promising directions for future study.

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