scholarly journals A cognitive behavioural perspective on the relationship between childhood trauma and psychosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Severe Trauma ◽  
Change Strategies ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Shared Understandings ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis editorial reviews the relationship between childhood trauma and the development of psychosis in adulthood. There are numerous studies, including large, prospective studies, which clearly support a link between childhood adversity and experience of psychosis later in life. There is also evidence that there is a dose response relationship, and that childhood trauma is particularly associated with the experience of hallucinations and delusional ideas. It is possible that psychosis is a relatively understandable response to the experience of severe trauma, and recent cognitive models of psychosis can help to explain the underlying mechanisms in such a causal relationship. There are obvious treatment implications, which include the need to assess histories of childhood trauma in people with psychosis, the incorporation of trauma in shared understandings of psychosis with service users, the incorporation of change strategies in cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis that are derived from evidence-based approaches to the treatment of trauma and PTSD, and the prevention of traumatisation by mental health services.Declaration of Interest: None.

scholarly journals Manualised Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Anorexia Nervosa: Use of Treatment Modules in the ANTOP Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaby Resmark ◽  
Brigid Kennedy ◽  
Maria Mayer ◽  
Katrin Giel ◽  
Florian Junne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Outpatient Intervention ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Pros And Cons

Standardised treatment manuals facilitate therapy planning and enhance comparability for research purposes. Within the Anorexia Nervosa Treatment of Out Patients (ANTOP) study, the largest multisite outpatient intervention trial in anorexia nervosa (AN) to date, manualised enhanced cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT-E) was offered as one treatment modality. The manual consisted of 9 modules, of which Motivation, Nutrition, Formulation and Relapse Prevention were compulsory. Homework worksheets were provided, to ensure the transfer of therapeutic improvements to daily life. This study investigated the use of modules and worksheets in order to explore practice styles of trained therapists in the treatment of AN. This secondary analysis was based on log-sheets (n = 2604) CBT-E therapists completed after each session. Frequencies of modules and worksheets used across all sessions were calculated. Relationships, such as that between use of module and duration of illness, were examined. The most commonly used module was Motivation. In patients with longer illness duration, the module Self Esteem seemed to be particularly important. The worksheet Scales, balancing the pros and cons of AN, was prioritised by therapists. The results underline the importance of motivational work in the treatment of AN, including validating the ambivalence experienced by most AN patients. With increasing duration of illness, resource-oriented elements, such as self esteem stabilisation, should be of focus.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Transdiagnostic Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Anxiety and Depression in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Andersen ◽  
Paul Toner ◽  
Martin Bland ◽  
Dean McMillan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Effectiveness Data

Background: Transdiagnostic Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) seeks to identify core cognitive-behavioural processes hypothesized to be important across a range of disorders and to develop a treatment that targets these. This contrasts with standard CBT approaches that are disorder-specific. Proponents of transdiagnostic CBT suggest that it may offer advantages over disorder-specific CBT, but little is known about the effectiveness of this approach. Aims: The review aimed to summarize trial-based clinical and cost-effectiveness data on transdiagnostic CBT for anxiety and depression. Method: A systematic review of electronic databases, including peer-reviewed and grey literature sources, was conducted (n = 1167 unique citations). Results: Eight trials were eligible for inclusion in the review. There was evidence of an effect for transdiagnostic CBT when compared to a control condition. There were no differences between transdiagnostic CBT and active treatments in two studies. We found no evidence of cost-effectiveness data. Conclusions: Quality assessment of the primary studies indicated a number of methodological concerns that may serve to inflate the observed effects of transdiagnostic approaches. Although there are positive signs of the value of transdiagnostic CBT, there is as yet insufficient evidence to recommend its use in place of disorder-specific CBT.

Cognitive behaviour therapy for eating disorders

2012 ◽  
pp. 1298-1304
Author(s):  
Zafra Cooper ◽  
Rebecca Murphy ◽  
Christopher G. Fairburn
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
General Management ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour

The eating disorders provide one of the strongest indications for cognitive behaviour therapy. This bold claim arises from the demonstrated effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy in the treatment of bulimia nervosa and the widespread acceptance that cognitive behaviour therapy is the treatment of choice. Cognitive behaviour therapy is also widely used to treat anorexia nervosa although this application has not been adequately evaluated. Recently its use has been extended to ‘eating disorder not otherwise specified’ (eating disorder NOS), a diagnosis that applies to over 50 per cent of cases, and emerging evidence suggests that it is just as effective with these cases as it is with cases of bulimia nervosa. In this chapter the cognitive behavioural approach to the understanding and treatment of eating disorders will be described. The data on the efficacy and effectiveness of the treatment are considered in the chapters on anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa (see Chapters 4.10.1 and 4.10.2 respectively), as is their general management.

scholarly journals Cognitive-behavioural therapy effects on employment-related outcomes for individuals with mental illness: A systematic review

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Minjoo ◽  
Elias Mpofu ◽  
Kaye Brock ◽  
Michael Millington ◽  
James Athanasou
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Work Participation ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour

Orientation: To identify the effects of interventions in cognitive-behaviour therapy (CBT) on employment-related outcomes world-wide for individuals with mental illness.Research purpose: A search of the relevant literature was conducted through PsychInfo, Medline, Scopus and Google Scholar™, covering the period between 1995 and August 2011. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the criteria from Evidence Based Library and Information Practice (EBLIP). Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria.Motivation for the study: Evidence is needed on best practices to support work participation by people with mental illness. Effective cognitive-behavioural intervention might enhance their personal control over participation in employment aside from systemic or policy-oriented interventions.Research approach, design and method: A scoping review was done to map trends in the evidence for CBT as an intervention to support employment participation by people with mental illness. A scoping review is exploratory, the evidence of which lays the basis for subsequent studies. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the EBLIP Critical Appraisal Checklist.Main findings: Cognitive-behaviour therapy was an effective intervention approach for better work productivity, longer work hours, higher re-employment rate and enhanced mental health for individuals with mental illness.Practical/managerial implications: Cognitive-behaviour therapy is a promising strategy for industrial and organisational psychologists dealing with people who have a mental illness. It enhances employment and maintains work adjustment. Additional clinical trials in diverse populations and contexts will further establish its efficacy.Contribution/value-add: This scoping review aggregated the preliminary evidence for the efficacy of cognitive-behaviour therapy as a work-participation intervention for people with mental illness.

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Psychiatric Problems

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Marital Problems ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Behavioural Assessment ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
Treatment Step ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

This title provides a summary of the cognitive behavioural principles on which the therapy is based, followed by a detailed account of how to carry out a cognitive–behavioural assessment. Subsequent chapters provide self-contained descriptions of how to use the therapy to treat particular conditions: panic and generalized anxiety, phobic disorders, depression, obsessional disorders, somatic problems, eating disorders, chronic psychiatric handicaps, marital problems, and sexual dysfunctions. A final chapter provides a description of problem-solving training. Each chapter describes the condition, assessment procedures, factors likely to be important in formulating the problem, and then the treatment, step-by-step. Particular attention is paid to overcoming difficulties encountered during treatment, and extensive use is made of clinical material and case illustrations. This is an excellent guide to the practice of cognitive behaviour therapy for all those beginning to use the technique.

scholarly journals Keeping Lily Safe: An Autoethnographic Exploration of Human–Animal Attachment during Adversity

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Lee
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Critical Incident ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Same Sex Couples ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Pet Owner ◽  
The Relationship

This article is an autoethnographic examination of my experiences as a pet owner during a particularly challenging time in my life. Beginning with a summary of a critical incident, it shows the way in which fears for the safety of my pet cat, Lily, and my relationship with her impacted my health, wellbeing and identity. Depicting self-knowledge as partial, local and culturally located, I deconstruct the relationship I had with Lily in relation to the particular set of circumstances in which it was situated. I was seen by my doctor and prescribed a course of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) during this period, and so, my account draws on my medical records, CBT notes and my CBT thought diary in an attempt to understand how and why my anxiety was manifested in my concern for Lily. The article calls for cognitive behaviour therapists to carefully evaluate external stressors before fears are dismissed irrational and reformulated as alternative thoughts. This article also demonstrates that familiesare diverse, and there are many ways of ‘doing family’. For many heterosexual and same-sex couples, pets give stability to a partnership and elevate it to family status, if only within the privacy of the home. Human–animal attachments can be comparable to human–human attachments, and where attachments to pets are as strong as those toward humans, fear of harm can be devastating.

BATTLING BOREDOM: GROUP COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY FOR NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise C. Johns ◽  
William Sellwood ◽  
John McGovern ◽  
Gillian Haddock
Keyword(s):  
Group Intervention ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Group Cbt

We conducted a pilot group intervention for negative symptoms, particularly targeting avolition/apathy. A baseline control design was used. Six patients were recruited, and four completed the group. The main inclusion criteria were clinically significant negative symptoms, plus associated distress and concern. The group involved 16 sessions, which were cognitive behavioural in approach. The main outcome measures were the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, and the Subject Experience of Negative Symptoms Scale. Patients showed a reduction in avolition/apathy, and two patients reported reduced distress. These preliminary results suggest that group CBT is a possible intervention for negative symptoms.

The Cost of Child Behaviour Therapy: The First Step to Demonstrating Cost-effectiveness

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mervyn Jackson ◽  
Ray Wilks
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
The Cost

There has been extensive debate over the last three decades about which professional groups should receive government-funded rebates in the mental health field. Cognitive-behaviour therapists appear to be in the best position to demonstrate clinical efficacy, but have failed to demonstrate cost-effectiveness of cognitive-behaviour therapy. There is a need to demonstrate the cost of behaviour therapy as the first step in determining the cost-effectiveness of behaviour therapy compared to the traditional (medical-based) interventions. Using archival data from a university-based psychology clinic specialising in cognitive-behavioural interventions with child and adolescent problems, the present research determined the cost of successful treatment programs with the clinic's major referral areas: nocturnal enuresis, behaviour management, and education-based problems. Analysing 77 cases, it was found that there were significant between group differences in the number and total duration of face-to-face interviews, in the number of other contacts between therapist and client, in total therapist time, and in the estimated average cost of cases. There emerged different treatment patterns for each clinical problem, and these were reflected in costing. A number of research and methodological issues are explored. Implications for future research on cost-effectiveness and the subsequent collection of comparative data across clinics and a variety of clinical problem areas are discussed.

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