scholarly journals Do Parenting Programmes for Severe Child Antisocial Behaviour Work over the Longer Term, and for Whom? One Year follow-up of a Multi-Centre Controlled Trial

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Scott
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Incredible Years ◽  
One Year

The aim of the study was to see whether there were lasting effects of a behaviourally-based group parenting programme when delivered in a real life, regular clinical practice setting. Follow-up was one year after the end of a controlled trial that involved four local child and adolescent mental health services in London and Southern England. The participants were fifty-nine children aged 3–8 years referred with antisocial behaviour, whose parents received the Webster-Stratton Incredible Years basic videotape group programme. Those in the waiting list control group were not followed up as some went on to receive the same intervention. Measures included the semi-structured parent interview (PACS) and questionnaire (SDQ) about child behaviour. At follow-up, the original improvement in the intervention group was found to have persisted, with no loss of treatment effectiveness (effect size compared to pre-treatment score 0.91 standard deviations, compared to post treatment score −0.06 SD). The proportion of children in the clinical range before treatment was 68%, at follow-up 37%. Children with the most severe initial problems changed the most; risk factors such as low income, being a lone parent, or being in an ethnic minority did not reduce treatment effectiveness. Parenting groups can reduce serious child antisocial behaviour effectively in the longer term. This is an important ongoing benefit for the children and their families. If this trajectory continues to be maintained in the future, then the poor long-term prognosis, which includes criminality and social exclusion, is likely to be improved.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a smartphone-based, augmented reality exposure app to reduce fear of spiders in real-life: a randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Zimmer ◽  
Nan Wang ◽  
Merle Ibach ◽  
Bernhard Fehlmann ◽  
Nathalie Schicktanz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Distress Scale

Although in vivo exposure therapy is highly effective in the treatment of specific phobias, only a minority of patients seeks therapy. Exposure to virtual objects has been shown to be better tolerated, equally efficacious, but the technology has not been made widely accessible yet. We developed an augmented reality (AR) application (app) to reduce fear of spiders and performed a randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of our app (six 30-min sessions at home over a two-week period) with no intervention. Primary outcome was subjective fear, measured by a Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS) in a Behavioural Approach Test (BAT) in a real-life spider situation at six weeks follow-up. Between Oct 7, 2019, and Dec 6, 2019, 66 individuals were enrolled and randomized. The intervention led to significantly lower subjective fear in the BAT compared to the control group (intervention group, baseline: 7·12 [SD 2·03] follow-up: 5·03 [SD 2·19] vs. control group, baseline: 7·06 [SD 2·34], follow-up 6·24 [SD 2.21]; adjusted group difference -1·24, 95% CI -2·17 to -0·31; Cohen’s d=0·57, p=0·01). The repeated use of the AR app reduces subjective fear in a real-life spider situation, providing a low-threshold and low-cost treatment for fear of spiders.

scholarly journals Diet quality from pre-school to school age in Brazilian children: a 4-year follow-up in a randomised control study

2013 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Rauber ◽  
Daniel J. Hoffman ◽  
Márcia Regina Vitolo
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Age

A previous study demonstrated that dietary counselling for mothers during the first year of life improved overall diet quality of children at pre-school age in a low-income population. Thus, the objective of the present study was to assess the long-term effect of this intervention on diet quality of children at school age and examine the tracking of dietary intake throughout childhood. The present study was a follow-up of a randomised controlled trial with children who were assessed at 3–4 years (n 345) and 7–8 years (n 307) of age. We collected two 24 h dietary recalls and assessed diet quality using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). Analyses were performed by group using a paired t test and a Student's t test for independent samples. Diet quality did not differ between the intervention and control groups at 7–8 years of age (HEI score 65·2 (sd 9·5) v. 64·9 (sd 8·5)). Regarding changes in diet quality from pre-school to school age, we observed the tracking of diet quality in the control group and the loss of the intervention effect in the intervention group. In both groups, the score for fruit and milk intake decreased, while that for saturated fat and dietary variety intake increased. The score for the intakes of grains, meat and legumes, and total fat remained constant for all children. The present data provide evidence that diet quality tracks during childhood since the total HEI score did not differ over time in the control group. The decrease in score for some HEI components did not affect the overall diet quality due to the increase in score for other HEI components.

scholarly journals A computerised tailored intervention for increasing intakes of fruit, vegetables, brown bread and wholegrain cereals in adolescent girls

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1271-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail Rees ◽  
Savita Bakhshi ◽  
Alecia Surujlal-Harry ◽  
Mikis Stasinopoulos ◽  
Anna Baker
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tailored Intervention ◽  
Motivation To Change ◽  
Brown Bread

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of a computer-generated tailored intervention leaflet compared with a generic leaflet aimed at increasing brown bread, wholegrain cereal, fruit and vegetable intakes in adolescent girls.DesignClustered randomised controlled trial. Dietary intake was assessed via three 24 h dietary recalls.SettingEight secondary schools in areas of low income and/or high ethnic diversity, five in London and three in the West Midlands, UK.SubjectsGirls aged 12–16 years participated (n 823) and were randomised by school class to receive either the tailored intervention (n 406) or a generic leaflet (n 417).ResultsAt follow-up 637 (77 %) participants completed both baseline and follow-up dietary recalls. The tailored intervention leaflet had a statistically significant effect on brown bread intake (increasing from 0·39 to 0·51 servings/d) with a smaller but significant increase in the control group also (increasing from 0·28 to 0·35 servings/d). The intervention group achieved 0·05 more servings of brown bread daily than the control group (P < 0·05), which is equivalent to 0·35 servings/week. For the other foods there were no significant effects of the tailored intervention.ConclusionsThe intervention group consumed approximately 0·35 more servings of brown bread weekly than the control group from baseline. Although this change between groups was statistically significant the magnitude was small. Evaluation of the intervention was disappointing but the tailored leaflet was received more positively in some respects than the control leaflet. More needs to be done to increase motivation to change dietary intake in adolescent girls.

scholarly journals Combination treatment of autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation and hyperbaric oxygen therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1632-1640
Author(s):  
Esteban J. Estrada ◽  
José Luis Decima ◽  
Guillermo Bortman ◽  
Javier Roberti ◽  
Elida Beatriz Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Insulin Requirements ◽  
One Year

The objective of this study was to compare standard treatment versus the combination of intrapancreatic autologous stem cell (ASC) infusion and hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) before and after ASC in the metabolic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study was a prospective, randomized controlled trial. The combined intervention consisted of 10 sessions of HBOT before the intrapancreatic infusion of ASC and 10 sessions afterwards. ASCs were infused into the main arterial supply of the pancreas to maximize the presence of the stem cells where the therapeutic effect is most desired. A total of 23 patients were included (control group = 10, intervention group = 13). Age, gender, diabetes duration, number of medications taken, body weight and height, and insulin requirements were recorded at baseline and every three months. Also, body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, C-peptide, and HbA1c, C-peptide/glucose ratio (CPGR) were measured every three months for one year. HbA1c was significantly lower in the intervention group compared with control throughout follow-up. Overall, 77% of patients in the intervention group and 30% of patients in the control group demonstrated a decrease of HbA1c at 180 days (compared with baseline) of at least 1 unit. Glucose levels were significantly lower in the intervention group at all timepoints during follow-up. C-peptide levels were significantly higher in the intervention group during follow-up and at one year: 1.9 ± 1.0 ng/mL versus 0.7 ± 0.4 ng/mL in intervention versus control groups, respectively, p = 0.0021. CPGR was higher in the intervention group at all controls during follow-up. The requirement for insulin was significantly lower in the intervention group at 90, 180, 270, and 365 days. Combined therapy of intrapancreatic ASC infusion and HBOT showed increased metabolic control and reduced insulin requirements in patients with T2DM compared with standard treatment.

Comparing audiometric parameters between crushed and intact cartilage tympanoplasty: a double-blinded, randomised, controlled trial study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
A Tajdini ◽  
N Hatami ◽  
B Rahmaty ◽  
A Kouhi ◽  
S Dabiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hearing Results ◽  
Cartilage Tympanoplasty ◽  
One Year ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Double Blinded

Abstract Objective To investigate hearing and the take rate of crushed cartilage grafts in tympanoplasty. Methods In this double-blinded, randomised, controlled trial, 46 patients with tympanic membrane perforation were enrolled. A conchal cartilage graft was used for reconstruction in both intervention and control groups. In the intervention group, crushed cartilage was used. The success rate and hearing results were ascertained every four months over a one-year follow-up period. Results A total of 36 patients – 20 in the intervention group and 16 in the control group – completed one year of follow up. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in mean air–bone gap, bone conduction threshold, speech discrimination score or speech reception threshold. Conclusion The reduction in living cells after crushed cartilage tympanoplasty may decrease the rigidity and the volume of the graft, but may not necessarily improve the hearing results.

Effectiveness of a WeChat group-based parental intervention in preventing unintentional injuries among children aged 0–3 years in China: A randomized controlled trial (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueqi Ma ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Ruo Jiang ◽  
Jun Lu ◽  
Kaiyue Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Unintentional Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Unintentional Injuries ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Parental Intervention ◽  
One Year ◽  
Group B

BACKGROUND Unintentional injuries are a major public health problem to children worldwide. With the widespread use of smartphones in China, social networking mobile applications, such as WeChat, are potential ways to implement parent-based interventions. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of WeChat group-based parental intervention programs in preventing unintentional injuries in children aged 0–3 years in China. METHODS We conducted a randomized controlled trial from March 2019 to March 2020. A total of 365 parents of children aged 0–3 years in Shanghai were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups, and 276 participants completed the follow-up. We used generalized estimation equations to assess intervention effectiveness at baseline and after one year. Outcome measures included children’s unintentional injury incidences, parents’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. RESULTS During the one year follow-up, unintentional injury incidences increased from 9.00% to 11.70% in the intervention group and from 9.90% to 22.90% in the control group. The changes did not differ between the groups (odds ratio [OR] 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.13-3.48). Changes in the parents’ attitudes toward injury attribution (b 0.10, 95% CI 0.09-0.21) and preventability (b 0.16, 95% CI 0.01-0.33) did not differ between the two groups. Changes in parents’ attitudes toward responsibility in the intervention group were greater than those in the control group (b 0.33, 95% CI 0.15, 0.51). Changes in parents' daily supervision behavior in the intervention group was greater than those in the control group (b 0.43, 95% CI 0.02-0.84), and changes in behaviors of preventing specific injuries were significantly different between the groups (b 1.60, 95% CI 1.05-2.16). CONCLUSIONS Although WeChat group-based parental intervention cannot directly reduce the occurrence of children’s unintentional injuries, it can improve parents’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors pertaining to prevention of unintentional injuries. CLINICALTRIAL China Clinical Trials Registry ChiCTR1900020753; http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx

scholarly journals Pediatric Residents and Interns in an Italian Hospital Perform Improved Bibliographic Searches when Assisted by a Biomedical Librarian

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Mathew Stone
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Boolean Logic ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pediatric Residents ◽  
Clinical Scenarios

A Review of: Gardois, P., Calabrese, R., Colombi, N., Lingua, C., Longo, F., Villanacci, M., Miniero, R., & Piga, A. (2011). Effectiveness of bibliographic searches performed by paediatric residents and interns assisted by librarian. A randomised controlled trial. Health Information and Libraries Journal, 28(4), 273-284. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-1842.2011.00957.x Objective – To establish whether the assistance of an experienced biomedical librarian delivers an improvement in the searching of bibliographic databases as performed by medical residents and interns. Design – Randomized controlled trial. Setting – The pediatrics department of a large Italian teaching hospital. Subjects – 18 pediatric residents and interns. Methods – 23 residents and interns from the pediatrics department of a large Italian teaching hospital were invited to participate in this study, of which 18 agreed. Subjects were then randomized into two groups and asked to spend between 30 and 90 minutes searching bibliographic databases for evidence to answer a real-life clinical question which was randomly allocated to them. Each member of the intervention group was provided with an experienced biomedical librarian to provide assistance throughout the search session. The control group received no assistance. The outcome of the search was then measured using an assessment tool adapted for the purpose of this study from the Fresno test of competence in evidence based medicine. This adapted assessment tool rated the “global success” of the search and included criteria such as appropriate question formulation, number of PICO terms translated into search terms, use of Boolean logic, use of subject headings, use of filters, use of limits, and the percentage of citations retrieved that matched a gold standard set of citations found in a prior search by two librarians (who were not involved in assisting the subjects) together with an expert clinician. Main Results – The intervention group scored a median average of 73.6 points out of a possible 100, compared with the control group which scored 50.4. The difference of 23.2 points in favour of the librarian assisted group was a statistically significant result (p value = 0.013) with a 95% confidence interval of between 4.8 and 33.2. Conclusion – This study presents credible evidence that assistance provided by an experienced biomedical librarian improves the quality of the bibliographic database searches performed by residents and interns using real-life clinical scenarios.

Increasing Life-Space Mobility in Community-Dwelling Older Persons With Cognitive Impairment Following Rehabilitation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phoebe Ullrich ◽  
Christian Werner ◽  
Martin Bongartz ◽  
Tobias Eckert ◽  
Bastian Abel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Life Space ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Independent Life

Abstract Background Community-dwelling older persons with cognitive impairment (CI) following discharge from geriatric rehabilitation are at high risk of losing life-space mobility (LSM). Interventions to improve their LSM are, however, still lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a CI-specific, home-based physical training and activity promotion program on LSM. Methods Older persons with mild-to-moderate CI (Mini-Mental State Examination: 17–26 points) discharged home from rehabilitation were included in this double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with a 12-week intervention period and 12-week follow-up period. The intervention group received a CI-specific, home-based strength, balance, and walking training supported by tailored motivational strategies. The control group received a placebo activity. LSM was evaluated by the Life-Space Assessment in Persons with Cognitive Impairment, including a composite score for LSM and 3 subscores for maximal, equipment-assisted, and independent life space. Mixed-model repeated-measures analyses were used. Results One hundred eighteen participants (82.3 ± 6.0 years) with CI (Mini-Mental State Examination: 23.3 ± 2.4) were randomized. After the intervention, the home-based training program resulted in a significant benefit in the Life-Space Assessment in Persons with Cognitive Impairment composite scores (b = 8.15; 95% confidence interval: 2.89–13.41; p = .003) and independent life-space subscores (b = 0.39; 95% confidence interval: 0.00–0.78; p = .048) in the intervention group (n = 63) compared to control group (n = 55). Other subscores and follow-up results were not significantly different. Conclusions The home-based training program improved LSM and independent life space significantly in this vulnerable population. Effects were not sustained over the follow-up. The program may represent a model for improved transition from rehabilitation to the community to prevent high risk of LSM restriction.

scholarly journals Effects of a psychosocial intervention at one-year follow-up in a PREDIMED-plus sample with obesity and metabolic syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Núria Mallorquí-Bagué ◽  
María Lozano-Madrid ◽  
Cristina Vintró-Alcaraz ◽  
Laura Forcano ◽  
Andrés Díaz-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lifestyle Recommendations ◽  
One Year ◽  
Mediational Role

AbstractThis study examines if overweight/obesity are related to higher impulsivity, food addiction and depressive symptoms, and if these variables could be modified after 1 year of a multimodal intervention (diet, physical activity, psychosocial support). 342 adults (55–75 years) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) from the PREDIMED-Plus Cognition study were randomized to the intervention or to the control group (lifestyle recommendations). Cognitive and psychopathological assessments were performed at baseline and after 1-year follow-up. At baseline, higher impulsivity was linked to higher food addiction and depressive symptoms, but not to body mass index (BMI). Food addiction not only predicted higher BMI and depressive symptoms, but also achieved a mediational role between impulsivity and BMI/depressive symptoms. After 1 year, patients in both groups reported significant decreases in BMI, food addiction and impulsivity. BMI reduction and impulsivity improvements were higher in the intervention group. Higher BMI decrease was achieved in individuals with lower impulsivity. Higher scores in food addiction were also related to greater post-treatment impulsivity. To conclude, overweight/obesity are related to higher impulsivity, food addiction and depressive symptoms in mid/old age individuals with MetS. Our results also highlight the modifiable nature of the studied variables and the interest of promoting multimodal interventions within this population.

scholarly journals OP0159 EFFICACY OF COMPREHENSIVE TECHNOLOGY-ASSISTED HOME-BASED EXERCISE IN ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS: A RANDOMIZED, CONTROLLED TRIAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 100.3-100
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
X. Liu ◽  
Y. Shi ◽  
X. Ji ◽  
W. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Home Based ◽  
The Mean

Background:Clinical practice guidelines recommend that exercise is an essential component in the self-management of Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS). Attending supervised interventions requiring periodic medical center visits can be burdensome and patients may decline participation, whereas, effective home-based exercise interventions that do not need regular medical center visits are likely to be more accessible and acceptable for patients with AS. Recently, increasing evidences have been accumulated that the wearable devices could facilitate patients with inflammatory arthritis by giving exercise instructions and improving self-efficacy. Therefore, patients with AS may benefit from an effective technology-assisted home-based exercise intervention.Objectives:To investigate the efficacy of a comprehensive technology-assisted home-based exercise intervention on disease activity in patients with AS.Methods:This study was a 16-week assessor-blinded, randomized, waiting-list controlled trial (ChiCTR1900024244). Patients with AS were randomly allocated to the home-based exercise intervention group and the waiting-list control group. A 16-week comprehensive exercise program consisting of a moderate intensity (64%-76% HRmax) aerobic training for 30min on 5 days/week and a functional training for 60min on 3 days/week was given to patients in the intervention group immediately after randomization, with 1.5h training sessions for two consecutive days by a study physical therapist at baseline and Week 8. The aerobic exercise intensity was controlled by a Mio FUSE Wristband with a smartphone application. The functional training consisted of the posture training, range of motion exercises, strength training, stability training and stretching exercises. Patients in control group received standard care during the 16-week follow-up and started to receive the exercise program at Week 16. The primary outcome was ASDAS at Week 16. The secondary outcomes were BASDAI, BASFI, BASMI, ASAS HI, peak oxygen uptake, body composition and muscle endurance tests. The mean difference between groups in change from baseline was analyzed with the analysis of covariance.Results:A total of 54 patients with AS were enrolled (26 in intervention group and 28 in control group) and 46 (85.2%) patients completed the 16-week follow-up. The mean difference of ASDAS between groups in change from baseline to 16-week follow-up was −0.2 (95% CI, −0.4 to 0.003, P = 0.032), and the mean change from baseline was -0.4 (95% CI, -0.5 to -0.2) in the intervention group vs -0.1 (95% CI, -0.3 to 0.01) in the control group, respectively. Significant between-group differences were found between groups for BASDAI (−0.5 [95% CI, −0.9 to −0.2], P = 0.004), BASMI (−0.7 [95% CI, −1.1 to −0.4], P <0.001), BASFI (−0.3 [95% CI, −0.6 to 0.01], P=0.035), peak oxygen uptake (2.7 [95% CI, 0.02 to 5.3] ml/kg/min, P=0.048) and extensor endurance test (17.8 [95% CI, 0.5 to 35.2]s, P=0.044) at Week 16. Between-group differences were detected in ASAS HI (−0.9 [95% CI, −1.7 to −0.1], P=0.030), body fat percentage (−1.0 [95% CI, −2.0 to −0.01] %, P=0.048) and visceral adipose tissue (−4.9 [95% CI, −8.5 to −1.4] cm2, P=0.008) at Week 8, but not at Week 16. No significant between-group differences were detected in the total lean mass, time up and go test and the flexor endurance test during the follow-up.Conclusion:Comprehensive technology-assisted home-based exercise has been shown to have beneficial effects on disease activity, physical function, spinal mobility, aerobic capacity, and body composition as well as in improving fatigue and morning stiffness of patients with AS.References:[1]van der Heijde D, Ramiro S, Landewé R, et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2017;76:978–991.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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