Age and gender interactions on verbal memory performance

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOEL H. KRAMER ◽  
KRISTINE YAFFE ◽  
JEANNE LENGENFELDER ◽  
DEAN C. DELIS
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Interactions

Age and gender effects on verbal episodic memory are well established. However, the possibility of interactions between age and gender has been raised by studies linking estrogen and verbal memory performance, and by research suggesting gender differences in age-related cortical atrophy. We evaluated whether age by gender interactions in verbal memory were present. Subjects within three years of the median age of menopause were excluded from a large cohort of normal subjects, resulting in a younger sample (16–47 years) of 288 men and 285 women, and an older sample (55–89 years) of 201 men and 245 women. All subjects were administered the CVLT-2, a multiple-trial list-learning task. Verbal memory was negatively correlated with age for younger men, older men, and older women, but not for younger women. Multivariate analyses indicated age by gender interactions on memory for the younger group but not the older group. Results indicate that verbal memory declines with age for younger men but not younger women, whereas both older men and older women show age-related declines. These findings are consistent with hypotheses linking estrogen and verbal memory performance, and with imaging data suggesting that age-related hippocampal atrophy is found in younger men but not younger women. The role of estrogen on cognition in normal aging warrants further study. (JINS, 2003, 9, 97–102.)

Influence of age and gender on cardiac output-V˙o 2 relationships during submaximal cycle ergometry

1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 599-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N. Proctor ◽  
Kenneth C. Beck ◽  
Peter H. Shen ◽  
Tamara J. Eickhoff ◽  
John R. Halliwill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Cycle Ergometry ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Leg Cycle Ergometry ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
And Gender

Proctor, David N., Kenneth C. Beck, Peter H. Shen, Tamara J. Eickhoff, John R. Halliwill, and Michael J. Joyner. Influence of age and gender on cardiac output-V˙o 2 relationships during submaximal cycle ergometry. J. Appl. Physiol. 84(2): 599–605, 1998.—It is presently unclear how gender, aging, and physical activity status interact to determine the magnitude of the rise in cardiac output (Q˙c) during dynamic exercise. To clarify this issue, the present study examined theQ˙c-O2 uptake (V˙o 2) relationship during graded leg cycle ergometry in 30 chronically endurance-trained subjects from four groups ( n = 6–8/group): younger men (20–30 yr), older men (56–72 yr), younger women (24–31 yr), and older women (51–72 yr). Q˙c (acetylene rebreathing), stroke volume (Q˙c/heart rate), and whole bodyV˙o 2 were measured at rest and during submaximal exercise intensities (40, 70, and ∼90% of peakV˙o 2). Baseline resting levels of Q˙c were 0.6–1.2 l/min less in the older groups. However, the slopes of theQ˙c-V˙o 2relationship across submaximal levels of cycling were similar among all four groups (5.4–5.9 l/l). The absolute Q˙c associated with a given V˙o 2(1.0–2.0 l/min) was also similar among groups. Resting and exercise stroke volumes (ml/beat) were lower in women than in men but did not differ among age groups. However, older men and women showed a reduced ability, relative to their younger counterparts, to maintain stroke volume at exercise intensities above 70% of peakV˙o 2. This latter effect was most prominent in the oldest women. These findings suggest that neither age nor gender has a significant impact on theQ˙c-V˙o 2relationships during submaximal cycle ergometry among chronically endurance-trained individuals.

Influences of age and gender on human thermoregulatory responses to cold exposures

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Wagner ◽  
S. M. Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
And Gender

To delineate age- and gender-related differences in physiological responses to cold exposure, men and women between the ages of 20 and 29 yr and 51 and 72 yr, wearing minimal clothing, were exposed at rest for 2 h to 28, 20, 15, and 10 degrees C room temperatures with 40% relative humidity. During the coldest exposure, the rates of increase in metabolic rate (W X m-2 or ml X kg lean body mass-1 X min-1 were similar for all groups. However, older women (n = 7) may have benefited from a larger (P less than 0.05) early metabolic (M) increase (40% within 15 min) than young men (18%) (n = 10), young women (5%) (n = 10), or older men (5%) (n = 10). A similar rapid M response in older women occurred during the 15 degrees C exposure. During all cold exposures, older women maintained constant rectal temperature (Tre) and young women maintained Tre only during the 20 degrees C exposures, whereas Tre of the men declined during all cold exposures (P less than 0.01). Changes in Tre and mean skin temperature (Ts) during cold exposure were largely related to body fat, although age and surface area/mass modified the changes in men. The data suggest that older men are more susceptible to cold ambients than younger people, since they did not prevent a further decline in their initially relatively low Tre. Despite greater insulation from body fat, the older women maintained a constant Tre at greater metabolic cost than men or younger women.

Reference intervals for plasma lipoperoxides: age-, sex-, and specimen-related variations.

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 2289-2291 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Knight ◽  
S E Smith ◽  
V E Kinder ◽  
H B Anstall
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Younger Men

Abstract We measured lipoperoxides, as malondialdehyde (MDA), by liquid chromatography in plasma from 230 male and 148 female adult blood donors, to establish reliable reference values and to compare possible sex-, age-, and specimen-related differences. Our studies show that mean have higher MDA concentrations in plasma than do women (P less than 0.05), older men have higher values than younger men (P less than 0.05), and older women have higher values than young women (P less than 0.001). These age-related results support earlier studies in experimental animals that lipid peroxidation increases with increasing age. In addition, plasma from liquid EDTA-anti-coagulated blood has significantly lower MDA concentrations than does serum or plasma from blood treated with lithium heparin, sodium citrate, or CPDA-1 (P less than 0.001).

scholarly journals The interaction of age and gender in illness narratives

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 1025-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLIVE SEALE ◽  
JONATHAN CHARTERIS-BLACK
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Family Networks ◽  
Emotional Dimension ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Research Interviews ◽  
And Gender

ABSTRACTRecognition of the greater capacity of older women to draw on supportive social networks has now supplemented an earlier focus of research into gender and ageing which portrayed older men as a ‘privileged gerontocracy’ because of their greater access to financial resources and spousal care. This study of the experiences of cancer among people of three different age groups conducted a comparative keyword analysis of their narratives to consider the gender differentiation of a third resource: access to medical information and personnel. The analysed narratives were sampled from a large archive of research interviews. It was found that older men with cancer demonstrated a greater involvement with medicine as an expert system than younger men or women or older women. This stemmed from their social confidence when interacting with doctors and their interest in treating their illness as a ‘problem’ to be fixed with medico-scientific solutions. Compared with younger men and women of all ages, older men were less likely to draw on informal social and family networks for support, or to discuss in a direct style the emotional dimension of illness experience. Our findings contrast with other studies that have reported linguistic disadvantage in older people in elderly care settings, which underlines the importance of context for linguistic studies.

Effects of Message Framing on Self-Report and Accelerometer-Assessed Physical Activity Across Age and Gender Groups

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kin-Kit Li ◽  
Sheung-Tak Cheng ◽  
Helene H. Fung
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Message Framing ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Positivity Effect ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Time Availability ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

This study compared message-framing effects on physical activity (PA) across age and gender groups. Participants included 111 younger and 100 older adults (68% were women), randomly assigned to read gain-framed or loss-framed PA messages in promotion pamphlets, and who wore accelerometers for the following 14 days. Using regression analyses controlling for demographic and health factors, we found significant age-by-gender-by-framing interactions predicting self-report (B = −4.39, p = .01) and accelerometer-assessed PA (B = −2.44, p = .02) during the follow-up period. Gain-framed messages were more effective than loss-framed messages in promoting PA behaviors only among older men. We speculated that the age-related positivity effect, as well as the age and gender differences in issue involvement, explained the group differences in framing. In addition, more time availability and higher self-efficacy among older men might have contributed to the results.

Grandparents and Grandchildren in Kwahu, Ghana: the Performance of Respect

Africa ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjaak van der Geest
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Anthropological Fieldwork ◽  
And Gender

AbstractThis description of relations between grandparents and grandchildren in a rural Ghanaian community argues that the quality of these relations varies according to age and gender. Literature on African kinship has almost entirely focused on very young grandchildren. This article draws attention to changes that occur when those children grow into adolescents and adults. Grandchildren—both young and old—speak respectfully about their grandparents, but older people regret that their grandchildren do not come to them for advice once they have grown up. Older men seem more ‘neglected’ by their grandchildren than older women. The second argument is about performance: respect, affection and relatedness between grandparents and grandchildren are demonstrated in public even when their ‘contents’ have dwindled. The article is based on anthropological fieldwork over a period of almost ten years.

scholarly journals The Who and When of Worry: The Fading Impact of Gender on Worry and Anxiety Severity Among Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 372-372
Author(s):  
Katie Granier ◽  
Rebecca Ingram ◽  
Daniel Segal
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Introduction. This study examined the influence of age and gender on diverse worry constructs and overall anxiety among younger (age 18-30) and older (age 65+) adults. Methods. 411 participants (311 younger, 100 older adults; 77.1% female) completed the PSWQ, BMWS, WDQ, and GAS online. Results. Among a series of 2x2 between-subjects ANOVAs, significant interaction effects between age and gender were found among all worry and anxiety measures. Specifically, there was a significant interaction effect on worry severity as measured by the PSWQ (F[1, 393]=4.28, p<.05), the WDQ (F[1, 397]=8.42, p<.01) and the BMWS (F[1, 396]=10.41, p<.01). Gender had a larger impact on worry among younger adults than older, though both age groups showed similar patterns of women reporting greater worry than men. Though both younger and older adults showed a gender difference in worry severity, this difference was mitigated by late life. There was also an interaction effect on anxiety (GAS total) in that younger women reported greater anxiety than younger men but older adults reported similar anxiety across genders, F(1, 384)=9.78, p<.01. Simple main effects analysis showed that younger women scored higher than older women on all measures of worry and anxiety, whereas younger men scored higher than older men on the PSWQ and WDQ but not the BMWS or GAS. Discussion. Consistent with previous literature, women reported greater worry and anxiety than men. However, this difference was mitigated and even extinguished among some measures in older adults. Possible explanations are discussed.

scholarly journals Pathways to Educational Disparities in Disability Incidence: The Contributions of Excess Body Mass Index, Smoking, and Manual Labor Involvement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarlise Townsend ◽  
Neil K Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Older Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Manual Labor ◽  
Educational Disparities ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Younger Men

Abstract Objectives In the United States, educational disparities in disability are large and increasing, but the mechanisms underlying them are not well understood. We estimate the proportion of population-level educational disparities in disability incidence explained by excess body mass index (BMI), smoking, and manual labor. Method We use waves 2003–2015 of the nationally representative Panel Study of Income Dynamics to calculate observed disability incidence and counterfactual incidence absent the key mediators (3,129 individuals; 13,168 observations). We take advantage of earlier-life measures, including childhood socioeconomic status, 1986 BMI, and occupational history between 1968 and 2001. To account for distinct processes in women and men at middle versus older ages, we stratify by gender and at age 65. Results Educational disparities in disability incidence were evident in women and men at younger and older ages, and were largest among older women. Together, the mediators of interest were estimated to explain roughly 60% of disparities in younger women, 65%–70% in younger men, 40% in older women, and 20%–60% in older men. The main contributors to disparities appeared to be excess BMI and smoking in younger women; manual labor and smoking in younger men; excess BMI in older women; and smoking in older men. Discussion These mediators explain much of disparities in earlier-age disability; successful interventions to address these factors may substantially reduce them. However, a considerable proportion of disparities remained unexplained, particularly at older ages, reflecting the myriad pathways by which educational attainment can influence disability status.

Wife Killing: Risk to Women as a Function of Age

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd K. Shackelford ◽  
David M. Buss ◽  
Jay Peters
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
Excess Risk ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Reproductive Value ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Reproductive Age Women ◽  
Younger Men

Younger women, relative to older women, incur elevated risk of uxoricide—being murdered by their husbands. Some evolutionary theorists attribute this pattern to men’s evolved sexual proprietariness, which inclines them to use violence to control women, especially those high in reproductive value. Other evolutionary theorists propose an evolved homicide module for wife killing. An alternative to both explanations is that young women experience elevated uxoricide risk as an incidental byproduct of marriage to younger men who commit the majority of acts of violence. We used a sample of 13,670 uxoricides to test these alternative explanations. Findings show that (a) reproductive-age women incur an elevated risk of uxoricide relative to older women; (b) younger men are overrepresented among uxoricide perpetrators; and (c) younger women, even when married to older men, still incur excess risk of uxoricide. Discussion examines competing explanations for uxoricide in light of these findings.

Victimization and Fear of Crime

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Weinrath ◽  
John Gartrell
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Crime Analysis ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Victimization Surveys ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Canadian City ◽  
And Gender

Victimization has generally been associated with increased fear of crime. Analysis of two very large victimization surveys completed in the Canadian city of Edmonton, Alberta, explores the ways in which age and gender condition the experience of different types of victimization. While younger women were sensitized by assault (current or prior), older women appeared to be desensitized by similar victimization.

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