scholarly journals Patterns of visual sensory and sensorimotor abnormalities in autism vary in relation to history of early language delay

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 980-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUKARI TAKARAE ◽  
BEATRIZ LUNA ◽  
NANCY J. MINSHEW ◽  
JOHN A. SWEENEY
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Early Language ◽  
Visual Motion Perception ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
Early Language Development ◽  
Autism Group ◽  
History Of

AbstractVisual motion perception and pursuit eye movement deficits have been reported in autism. However, it is unclear whether these impairments are related to each other or to clinical symptoms of the disorder. High-functioning individuals with autism (41 with and 36 without delayed language acquisition) and 46 control subjects participated in the present study. All three subject groups were matched on chronological age and Full-Scale IQ. The autism group with delayed language acquisition had bilateral impairments on visual motion discrimination tasks, whereas the autism group without delay showed marginal impairments only in the left hemifield. Both autism groups showed difficulty tracking visual targets, but only the autism group without delayed language acquisition showed increased pursuit latencies and a failure to show the typical rightward directional advantage in pursuit. We observed correlations between performance on the visual perception and pursuit tasks in both autism groups. However, pursuit performance was correlated with manual motor skills only in the autism group with delayed language, suggesting that general sensorimotor or motor disturbances are a significant additional factor related to pursuit deficits in this subgroup. These findings suggest that there may be distinct neurocognitive phenotypes in autism associated with patterns of early language development. (JINS, 2008,14, 980–989.)

Preverbal infants experience sound-shape correspondences

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Alan M. Slater ◽  
Dina Lew ◽  
Gavin Bremner ◽  
Peter Walker
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Important Case ◽  
Object Naming ◽  
Early Language ◽  
Early Language Development ◽  
Crossmodal Associations ◽  
Preverbal Infants ◽  
Familiar Objects

One of the most important crossmodal associations is between vision and sound, and we know that such bimodal information is of great importance in perceptual learning. Many crossmodal relationships are non-arbitrary or ‘natural’, and a particularly important case is object naming. While many object-name relationships are arbitrary, others are not. The clearest examples are known as onomatopoeia — the cuckoo and the kittiwake are named after the sounds they make. And a striking demonstration that such effects extend beyond onomatopoeic naming of familiar objects concerns shapes. When adults are shown two shapes, one angular and one with rounded contours, and given the words ‘Takete’ and ‘Maluma’ they will invariably associate ‘Takete’ with the angular shape, and ‘Maluma’ with the rounded shape. This effect was first described by Kohler in 1947, and there have been recent demonstrations of the effect with adults and young (3-year-old) children. Several researchers have suggested that these non-arbitrary associations may be of great importance in that they may influence and ‘bootstrap’ the infant’s early language development, particularly the learning of words for objects. If this is so, such associations should be present prior to language acquisition, and we describe three experiments which demonstrate such relationships in preverbal, 3–5-month-old infants, using random shapes, such as those in the figure, and angular and rounded face-like stimuli.

Cerebral gigantism (Sotos' syndrome). A rare cause of delayed walking and awkward gait

1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 497-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Sobel
Keyword(s):  
Speech Development ◽  
Sotos Syndrome ◽  
Early Language ◽  
Cerebral Gigantism ◽  
Early Language Development ◽  
Large Size ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Craniofacial Features ◽  
Size At Birth

A case history of an 8-year-old girl with cerebral gigantism (Sotos' syndrome) has been presented. Throughout her life, this child has demonstrated all of the common features of Sotos' syndrome including large size at birth, excessive growth during childhood, dysmorphic craniofacial features, delay in motor and speech development, generalized clumsiness, and awkward gait. Family history was contributory with delays in early language development and the possibility that the child's father had Sotos' syndrome. When evaluating a pediatric patient for pes planus, delayed walking, and gait problems, the practitioner should consider the entire clinical profile and unusual etiologies.

scholarly journals Early language development in preterm children without neurological damage: a longitudinal study

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micaela Capobianco ◽  
Luca Cerniglia
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Syntactic Complexity ◽  
Early Language ◽  
Language Abilities ◽  
Preterm Children ◽  
Verbal Skills ◽  
Early Language Development ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Linguistic Categories

Children born at a very low gestational age, even those without neurosensory damages, are at risk of linguistic disorders. This longitudinal study aimed at analyzing communicative and language abilities in preterm children during their second year of life, through a standardized questionnaire, with particular attention to the communicative and language abilities that predict the first verbal skills. Our results showed that preterm children are slower than full-terms in language acquisition particularly at earlier stages of development. The differences between the two groups of children was significant only at 16 and 18 months. Preterms use more simplistic linguistic categories for longer than full-terms, with regards to lexicon composition and syntactic complexity. This different pattern could involve more qualitative, rather than quantitative, aspects of developmental processes that characterize language acquisition in preterms and full-term children.

scholarly journals How arbitrary is language?

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1651) ◽  
pp. 20130299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padraic Monaghan ◽  
Richard C. Shillcock ◽  
Morten H. Christiansen ◽  
Simon Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vocabulary Development ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Early Language ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Early Language Development ◽  
The Relationship

It is a long established convention that the relationship between sounds and meanings of words is essentially arbitrary—typically the sound of a word gives no hint of its meaning. However, there are numerous reported instances of systematic sound–meaning mappings in language, and this systematicity has been claimed to be important for early language development. In a large-scale corpus analysis of English, we show that sound–meaning mappings are more systematic than would be expected by chance. Furthermore, this systematicity is more pronounced for words involved in the early stages of language acquisition and reduces in later vocabulary development. We propose that the vocabulary is structured to enable systematicity in early language learning to promote language acquisition, while also incorporating arbitrariness for later language in order to facilitate communicative expressivity and efficiency.

Individual differences in early vocabulary development: redefining the referential-expressive distinction

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena V. M. Lieven ◽  
Julian M. Pine ◽  
Helen Dresner Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Vocabulary Development ◽  
Alternative Route ◽  
Early Language ◽  
Simple Scheme ◽  
Stylistic Variation ◽  
Early Language Development

ABSTRACTThe existence of stylistic variation between children in the early stages of language acquisition has been most frequently studied using Nelson's 0973) referential—expressive distinction. While the use of this distinction has generated a great deal of interesting research, there are a number of major problems associated with it. The present study presents a simple scheme, based on formal categories, for coding stylistic variation in the early lexicon. When applied to the first 50 and 100 words of 12 children collected between 0; 11 and 2; 3, the major dimensions of difference are found to be the relative proportion of common nouns and the relative proportion of frozen phrases. Moreover, the proportion of frozen phrases is also found to be significantly positively related to children's early productivity, suggesting that, rather than being a ‘deadend’ in early language development, the acquisition of frozen phrases may provide an alternative route into multiword speech.

Transitional phenomena in early language acquisition

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Dore ◽  
Margery B. Franklin ◽  
Robert T. Miller ◽  
Andrya L. H. Ramer
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Early Language ◽  
Systematic Treatment ◽  
Transitional Phenomena ◽  
Early Language Development ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
Cognitive Linguistic ◽  
Transitional Phase

ABSTRACTTwo transitional phases in the child's early language development are described; the first occurs between prelinguistic vocalization and one-word speech and the second between one-word and patterned speech. Cognitive, linguistic and affective inputs to the acquisition of reference and syntax are discussed in the light of the transitional phenomena that were found. We claim that each major linguistic stage is preceded by a transitional phase which serves as a bridging device for the next major acquisition; that sound and meaning develop partly independently in language development; and that the child's earliest patterned speech is not organized in terms of knowledge of grammatical categories, but in terms of more fundamental coordinations of conceptual meanings with phonetic outputs. A theoretical framework is proposed which provides a more systematic treatment of transitional phenomena than has previously been provided. The framework allows for interpretations of transitional phenomena and of their relations to the milestone periods of early language development.

Overheard: Know Your Morphemes

ASHA Leader ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
Julie Wolter
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Literacy Development ◽  
Morphological Awareness ◽  
Early Language ◽  
Online Chat ◽  
Early Language Development

Julie Wolter, an expert in early language development, recently led an online chat about the contribution of morphological awareness to semantic understanding and literacy development. Here's what the Leader overheard ...

Investigating the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Stigma Among Young Adults With History of Suicide Attempts

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meshan Lehmann ◽  
Matthew R. Hilimire ◽  
Lawrence H. Yang ◽  
Bruce G. Link ◽  
Jordan E. DeVylder
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Self-esteem is a major contributor to risk for repeated suicide attempts. Prior research has shown that awareness of stigma is associated with reduced self-esteem among people with mental illness. No prior studies have examined the association between self-esteem and stereotype awareness among individuals with past suicide attempts. Aims: To understand the relationship between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among young adults who have and have not attempted suicide. Method: Computerized surveys were administered to college students (N = 637). Linear regression analyses were used to test associations between self-esteem and stereotype awareness, attempt history, and their interaction. Results: There was a significant stereotype awareness by attempt interaction (β = –.74, p = .006) in the regression analysis. The interaction was explained by a stronger negative association between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among individuals with past suicide attempts (β = –.50, p = .013) compared with those without attempts (β = –.09, p = .037). Conclusion: Stigma is associated with lower self-esteem within this high-functioning sample of young adults with histories of suicide attempts. Alleviating the impact of stigma at the individual (clinical) or community (public health) levels may improve self-esteem among this high-risk population, which could potentially influence subsequent suicide risk.

Case Report: Management of a Patient with mTBI and Vestibular Hypofunction with the Binasal Occlusion Technique

2018 ◽  
pp. 87-90
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Motion Sensitivity ◽  
Vestibular Hypofunction ◽  
First Case ◽  
Neurological Exam ◽  
History Of ◽  
Occlusion Technique ◽  
Visual Vertigo

Background: Binasal Occlusion (BNO) is a clinical technique used by many neurorehabilitative optometrists in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and increased visual motion sensitivity (VMS) or visual vertigo. BNO is a technique in which partial occluders are added to the spectacle lenses to suppress the abnormal peripheral visual motion information. This technique helps in reducing VMS symptoms (i.e., nausea, dizziness, balance difficulty, visual confusion). Case Report: A 44-year-old AA female presented for a routine eye exam with a history of mTBI approximately 33 years ago. She was suffering from severe dizziness for the last two years that was adversely impacting her ADLs. The dizziness occurred in all body positions and all environments throughout the day. She was diagnosed with vestibular hypofunction and had undergone vestibular therapy but reported little improvement. Neurological exam revealed dizziness with both OKN drum and hand movement, especially in the left visual field. BNO technique resulted in immediate relief of her dizziness symptoms. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first case that illustrates how the BNO technique in isolation can be beneficial for patients with mTBI and vestibular hypofunction. It demonstrates the success that BNO has in filtering abnormal peripheral visual motion in these patients.

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