Efficiency of timber production in community and private forestry in Nepal

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAKESHI SAKURAI ◽  
SANTOSH RAYAMAJHI ◽  
RIDISH K. POKHAREL ◽  
KEIJIRO OTSUKA
Keyword(s):  
Community Forestry ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Community Management ◽  
Timber Production ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Private Forestry ◽  
Collective Management ◽  
Centralized Management ◽  
Hired Labor ◽  
Private Management

This study compares the management performance of timber production among three management systems in Nepal: private forestry, community forestry with collective management, and community forestry with centralized management. While collective management relies entirely on community labor for the whole management, centralized management uses community labor for the protection of forests and hired labor for silvicultural operations, for example weeding, pruning, and thinning. We found that collective community management is less costly for the protection of planted trees but allocates less labor for the management of trees than private management. We also found that centralized management of natural forests leads to higher revenue and profit than collective management. These findings support the hypothesis that, while collective management is more efficient than private management for the protection of trees due to effective mutual supervision, profit-seeking private management or centralized management is more efficient than collective management for silvicultural operations due to superior work incentives. This study, however, failed to compare efficiency of private and centralized management.

Uraba lugens (eucalypt leaf skeletonizer).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Berndt
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Timber Production ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Eucalypt Forests

Abstract U. lugens was first considered a serious pest of natural eucalypt forests in Western Australia in 1983 when the first severe outbreak occurred there (Strelein, 1988). Prior to that it was widely known as a pest of eucalypt forests in eastern Australia (Campbell, 1962; Harris, 1974). As these natural forests are or were managed for timber production, it is considered an economically important pest in its native range. Damage to amenity trees is also a common problem, although few trees are killed by this defoliation (Anonymous, 1979).U. lugens was recorded as invasive in New Zealand by Crabtree (1997). In its exotic range it has become a significant pest of amenity trees, particularly Lophestemon confertus (Australian brush box), which is commonly planted in some parts of Auckland City (Kriticos et al., 2007).

scholarly journals Estimating global land system impacts of timber plantations using MAgPIE 4.3.5

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 6467-6494
Author(s):  
Abhijeet Mishra ◽  
Florian Humpenöder ◽  
Jan Philipp Dietrich ◽  
Benjamin Leon Bodirsky ◽  
Brent Sohngen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Timber Production ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Land System ◽  
Land Use Dynamics ◽  
Timber Plantations

Abstract. Out of 1150 Mha (million hectares) of forest designated primarily for production purposes in 2020, plantations accounted for 11 % (131 Mha) of this area and fulfilled more than 33 % of the global industrial roundwood demand. However, adding additional timber plantations to meet increasing timber demand intensifies competition for scarce land resources between different land uses such as food, feed, livestock and timber production. Despite the significance of plantations with respect to roundwood production, their importance in meeting the long-term timber demand and the implications of plantation expansion for overall land-use dynamics have not been studied in detail, in particular regarding the competition for land between agriculture and forestry in existing land-use models. This paper describes the extension of the modular, open-source land system Model of Agricultural Production and its Impact on the Environment (MAgPIE) using a detailed representation of forest land, timber production and timber demand dynamics. These extensions allow for a better understanding of the land-use dynamics (including competition for land) and the associated land-use change emissions of timber production. We show that the spatial cropland patterns differ when timber production is accounted for, indicating that timber plantations compete with cropland for the same scarce land resources. When plantations are established on cropland, it causes cropland expansion and deforestation elsewhere. Using the exogenous extrapolation of historical roundwood production from plantations, future timber demand and plantation rotation lengths, we model the future spatial expansion of forest plantations. As a result of increasing timber demand, we show a 177 % increase in plantation area by the end of the century (+171 Mha in 1995–2100). We also observe (in our model results) that the increasing demand for timber amplifies the scarcity of land, which is indicated by shifting agricultural land-use patterns and increasing yields from cropland compared with a case without forestry. Through the inclusion of new forest plantation and natural forest dynamics, our estimates of land-related CO2 emissions better match with observed data, in particular the gross land-use change emissions and carbon uptake (via regrowth), reflecting higher deforestation with the expansion of managed land and timber production as well as higher regrowth in natural forests and plantations.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Timber Production in Akwa Ibom State (Nigeria) and the Way Forward

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
N. E. Esiere ◽  
N. B. Ndulue ◽  
M. P. Akpan
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Standing Stock ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
The State ◽  
Timber Production ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Way

In Akwa Ibom State, timber is used for building, construction, furniture making, transmission pole, pulp and paper, and chemicals. Timber harvesting, processing and utilization had remained a big business to quite a number of people with its attendant forest destruction and deforestation. The State was richly endowed with forest resources, which are of great benefit to man but the high demand and continuous harvesting of timber products in the State ecosystems without any deliberate sustainable management programmes has resulted in the over-harvesting and complete devastation of the standing stock of indigenous wood species. In addition, indiscriminate exploitation of these resources has caused depletion of forest leading to serious timber deficit. This work has discussed factors affecting timber production in Akwa Ibom State and the way forward. The paper has identified deforestation and ‘dereservation’, overexploitation of forest resources, revenues target by government, population growth and infrastructure expansion, non-participation of the private sector in forest development, amongst others, as factors responsible for the decline of timber resources in the state. The paper recommends that reforestation and afforestation programmes, conservation of natural forests, private sector participation in forest management, adoption of agroforestry system and sustainable management of natural resources can improve timber production in the State.

Fuelwood, forests and community management – evidence from household studies

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
PRISCILLA COOKE ◽  
GUNNAR KÖHLIN ◽  
WILLIAM F. HYDE
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Community Management ◽  
Policy Intervention ◽  
Rates Of Return ◽  
Equity And Efficiency ◽  
Economic Understanding ◽  
The Cost

ABSTRACTThis paper reviews the state of economic understanding about fuelwood in developing countries. It synthesizes the main results from numerous empirical studies with the intent of identifying implications for policy and pointing out where important questions remain unanswered. Overall, the empirical results reviewed reinforce the contention that households alter their behavior in the presence of sufficient scarcity in ways that are least costly to them. Still, the cost can be substantial and many cases remain where policy intervention is justified to address concerns of both equity and efficiency. Addressing the coping capabilities of the very poor and the open access conditions of woodlands appear to be two ways of dealing with fuelwood scarcity that are likely to yield high social rates of return. Community forestry has the potential to address these two important areas, but there is little evidence to date that this is being done with fuelwood in mind.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Local Inhabitants towards Land Management Systems Used in the Rainforest Area of Ecuador: An Evaluation Based on Visual Rating of the Main Land Use Types

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 592
Author(s):  
Alex Vinicio Gavilanes Montoya ◽  
Danny Daniel Castillo Vizuete ◽  
Stelian Alexandru Borz
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Rating Data

Land management policy and practice affects a wide segment of stakeholders, including the general population of a given area. This study evaluates the perceptions of local inhabitants towards the land management systems used in the rainforest area of Ecuador—namely, unmanaged (natural) forest, managed forest, croplands, and pasturelands. Data collected as ratings on 12 pictures were used to check the aggregated perceptions by developing the relative frequencies of ratings, in order to see how the perception rating data were associated with the types of land management systems depicted by the pictures, and to see whether the four types of land management could be mathematically represented by a clustering solution. A distinctive result was that the natural forests were the most positively rated, while the managed forests were the least positively rated among the respondents. It seems, however, that human intervention was not the landscape-related factor affecting this perception, since croplands and pasturelands also received high ratings. The ratings generated a clear clustering solution only in the case of forest management, indicating three groups: natural forests, managed forests, and the rest of the land management systems. Based on the results of this study, a combination of the four land use systems would balance the expectations of different stakeholders from the area, while also being consistent to some extent with the current diversity in land management systems. However, a more developed system of information propagation would be beneficial to educate the local population with regards to the benefits and drawbacks of different types of land management systems and their distribution.

scholarly journals Regeneration Status of Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn.) in Community Managed Forests, Tanahun District, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Prativa Poudel ◽  
Anjana Devkota
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Community Management ◽  
Developmental Phase ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Regeneration Status ◽  
Total Tree

The present research aims to know the regeneration status of community managed Shorea robusta (Sal) forests; managed for 6-21 years in Tanahun district, a part of Gandaki Province, Nepal. These forests were categorized into two groups according to management duration (more than 10 years and equal or less than 10 yrs). The regeneration status of the forest was estimated by calculating the density of each species in each developmental phase (seedling, sapling and tree). The total tree density of community forest managed for more than 10 years (MCF forest; 1230 plants/ha) was less than the community forest managed for equal or less than 10 years (LCF forest; 1314 plants/ha). The results suggest that the size class distribution of the trees resembling inverse-J shaped indicates the good regenerating capability of both forests. After the handover of forests to the community, Sal density had increased rapidly in both the forests. Community management had a significant positive impact on the regeneration of the forest, and thus, the productivity of the forest. Thus, the study of regeneration of forest trees has important implications for the conservation and management of natural forests.

scholarly journals PERSONAL BRANDING DALAM KOMUNIKASI SELEBRITIS (STUDI KASUS PERSONAL BRANDING ALUMNI ABANG NONE JAKARTA DI MEDIA SOSIAL “INSTAGRAM”)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Ievansyah Ievansyah ◽  
Teguh Priyo Sadono
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Private Information ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
The Public ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
The Law ◽  
Personal Branding ◽  
Private Management

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Abang None is a designation for Jakarta Tourism Ambassador. Researchers saw a phenomenon of self-transformation from a tourism ambassador to a celebrity. This phenomenon refers to case studies experienced by Maudy Koesnaedi, Bangpen, and Shabina Gianti. Researchers want to know the personal branding management process they want to form, and convey it to the public through Instagram social media. This study uses qualitative methods, with descriptive case studies, which depart from the Post Positivism paradigm. The concept used is personal branding, and is sharpened by the theory of Communication Private Management (CPM Theory). Data collection techniques are observation, interviews, and documentation analysis. The concept of personal branding proposed by Peter Montoya, refers to eight laws, namely the law of specialization, the law of leadership, the law of personality, the law of distinctiveness. , the law of appearance (the law of visibility), the law of unity, the law of persistence, and the law of good intentions. From these eight laws, the researcher saw that the three sources had different features, were consistent in managing personal branding, and were able to demonstrate good ethics in using social media. The theory of Communication Private Management (CPM Theory), proposed by Sandra Petronio, has five basic assumptions to see how they manage personal information in the public domain. The five assumptions are private information, private boundaries, control and ownership, rule-based management systems, and management dialectics. The three informants in general have known the limitations of their privacy with the public, so they understand the information that is allowed and not to be shared with the public. They have good management, between them and netizens. Researchers hope that further research can further develop the concept of personal branding, and CPM theory. Hopefully this research can be a reference, to be better developed from all aspects.<br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> Personal Branding, Abang None, Celebrity, Instagram</p><p><br />ABSTRAK<br />Abang None merupakan sebutan untuk Duta Pariwisata DKI Jakarta. Peneliti melihat adanya fenomena transformasi diri dari duta pariwisata menjadi seorang selebritis. Fenomena ini mengacu pada studi kasus yang dialami oleh Maudy Koesnaedi, Bangpen, dan Shabina Gianti. Peneliti ingin mengetahui proses pengelolaan personal branding yang ingin mereka bentuk, dan sampaikan ke publik lewat media sosial Instagram. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, dengan studi kasus deskriptif, yang berangkat dari paradigma Post Positivisme. Konsep yang digunakan adalah personal branding, dan dipertajam dengan teori Communication Private Management (CPM Theory). Teknik pengumpulan datanya ialah observasi, wawancara, dan analisis dokumentasi. Konsep personal branding yang dikemukakan oleh Peter Montoya, mengacu pada delapan hukum, yaitu hukum spesialisasi (the law of specialization), hukum kepemimpinan (the law of leadership), hukum kepribadian (the law of personality), hukum perbedaan (the law of distinctiveness), hukum kenampakan (the law of visibility), hukum kesatuan (the law of unity), hukum keteguhan (the law of persistence), dan hukum maksud baik (the law of good will). Dari kedelapan hukum ini, peneliti melihat bahwa ketiga narsumber memiliki keistimewaan yang berbeda-beda, konsisten dalam mengelola personal branding, dan mampu menunjukkan etika yang baik dalam sosial. Teori Communication Private Management (CPM Theory), yang dikemukakan oleh Sandra Petronio, memiliki lima asumsi dasar untuk melihat bagaimana mereka mengelola informasi yang bersifat pribadi di wilayah publik. Lima asumsi itu ialah informasi privat, batasan privat, kontrol dan kepemilikan, sistem manajemen berdasarkan aturan, dan dialektika manajemen. Ketiga narasumber secara garis besar sudah mengetahui batasan privasi mereka dengan publik, sehingga mereka memahami informasi yang boleh dan tidak untuk dibagikan kepada publik. Mereka memiliki manajemen yang baik, antara mereka dan netizen. Peneliti berharap semoga penelitian selanjutnya bisa lebih mengembangkan konsep personal branding, dan teori CPM. Semoga penelitian ini bisa menjadi rujukan, untuk dikembangkan lebih baik lagi dari segala aspek.</p><p><strong>Kata Kunci:</strong> Personal Branding, Abang None, Selebritis, Instagram</p>

scholarly journals EVALUATING IMPACT OF COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT IN FOREST CONSERVATION: A STUDY ON COMMUNITY FORESTRY PROGRAM IN NEPAL.

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 701-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
RameshKumar Neupane ◽  
◽  
Wenying Xu ◽  
Zhigang Liu ◽  
Oskenbayeva Aidana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Community Management

scholarly journals Structure and Diversity of Sal Forests in Government and Community Management Systems in kumaun Region of Central Himalaya

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhawana Kapkoti ◽  
Bhawna Adhikari ◽  
Neelu Lodhiyal ◽  
L. S. Lodhiyal
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Community Management ◽  
Central Himalaya ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
The Government ◽  
Over Exploitation ◽  
Structure Diversity

The present study deals with structure, diversity and regeneration of Sal (ShorearobustaGaertn.) forests in Kumaun region of Central Himalaya. Twoforest types were investigated i.e. Sal dominant forestandSal teak (Tectonagrandis Linn.) mixed forestin KumaunHimalaya.Tree, sapling and seedling density was 650- 911, 36-1303 and 400-6656 ind.ha-1, respectively. Salshowed reverse J-shaped curve representing good regeneration and T. grandisshowed reverse bell shaped indicating fair regeneration in community management system while Sal showed poor regeneration in the government management forest. Sal showed comparatively good regeneration in Sal mixed forest in community managed while poor regeneration in Sal dominantgovernment management system. Over exploitation Sal species for basic needs of people consequentlyimpart the negative impact on regeneration of forest. Thus it is suggested that mixed forests with higher number of species reduces the pressure on individual ones species as can be brought by local people so should be managed and conserved sustainably.

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