Zoroastrian motifs in non-Zoroastrian traditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
WERNER SUNDERMANN
Keyword(s):  
Strict Sense ◽  
World Religion ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
Resurrection Of The Dead ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Important Position ◽  
Good And Evil

We owe to Zoroaster one of the oldest religions of mankind. We cannot call Zoroaster's doctrine a world religion in the strict sense, for it did not spread far beyond the limits of the Iranian world, nor did its followers spread over the world as the Parsis do now and the Manichaeans once did. But many ideas first expressed by Zoroaster or his followers, such as the all-encompassing dualism of good and evil, light and darkness, or the resurrection of the dead in the flesh, or the responsibility of mankind for the fate of this world and the world beyond, have influenced, from the middle of the first millennium BCE on, the spirituality of the near eastern peoples and so also the religions of Judaism, and by way of Judaism, Christianity and Islam, too. This is sufficient to grant the religion of Zoroaster a most important position in the history of human religiosity.

scholarly journals Christology in the works of Justin the Philosopher and the Martyr

Sabornost ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 53-68
Author(s):  
Ružica Milić
Keyword(s):  
Christian Faith ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
The World ◽  
Resurrection Of The Dead ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Dead ◽  
God The Father ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Second Coming

Justin the Philosopher and the Martyr is an important figure in the history of the early Christian church. This paper will present Justin's thought, which is essentially Christocentric. The originality of Justin's Christology lies in revising the notion of the Logos and giving that notion a new meaning - the Christian meaning. The basic claim from which Justin starts is that the Logos is Christ who is God. The Logos, although God, differs from the Father only numerically, not by nature. That is why one of the main determinations of God the Father is the First God, while the Logos is the Second God. The conclusions that are imposed about the consequences of Justin's Christology directly affect the life of every Christian and they are multiple; namely, they concern man's salvation (soteriological consequences), ecclesiological consequences (liturgical life), but also eschatological consequences (hopes for the event of the second coming of Christ and the resurrection of the dead). The aim of this article is to shed light on the main features of Justin's Christology, through whose prism Justin derives other aspects of the Christian faith and thus positions man as a relational being, primarily determined by three relations: to God, to the world and to himself.

André Martinet (1908–1999)

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-293
Author(s):  
Johannes Klare
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of Linguistics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important Position ◽  
Research Director

André Martinet holds an important position in the history of linguistics in the twentieth century. For more than six decades he decisively influenced the development of linguistics in France and in the world. He is one of the spokespersons for French linguistic structuralism, the structuralisme fonctionnel. The article focuses on a description and critical appreciation of the interlinguistic part of Martinet’s work. The issue of auxiliary languages and hence interlinguistics had interested Martinet greatly from his youth and provoked him to examine the matter actively. From 1946 onwards he worked in New York as a professor at Columbia University and a research director of the International Auxiliary Language Association (IALA). From 1934 he was in contact with the Danish linguist and interlinguist Otto Jespersen (1860–1943). Martinet, who went back to Paris in 1955 to work as a professor at the École Pratique des Hautes Études (Sorbonne), increasingly developed into an expert in planned languages; for his whole life, he was committed to the world-wide use of a foreign language that can be learned equally easily by members of all ethnic groups; Esperanto, functioning since 1887, seemed a good option to him.

The World Conference of Jains

2018 ◽  
pp. 302-311
Author(s):  
L.M. Singhvi
Keyword(s):  
World Conference ◽  
World Religion ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Jainism is quintessentially a world religion, not because it has the strength of numbers in the form of a massive worldwide following but because its core philosophy transcends all ethnic, ritual, and national frontiers and articulates the rational, compassionate, global, and humanitarian ethos of our times. In that sense, as per Dr Singhvi, it is a tradition which is as old as the earliest primordial reflections in the history of human civilization and is at the same time as new as the perennial tomorrow and the day-after-tomorrow.

VII.—Note on Mr. I. C. Russell's Paper on the Jordan-Arabah and the Dead Sea

1888 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 502-504
Author(s):  
Edward Hull
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Rock Salt ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Salt Rock ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
Physical Phenomena ◽  
Geological Magazine

I Have been very much interested in reading Mr. Russell's two communications published in the Geological Magazine for August and September last. The analogy which he draws between the history of the Dead Sea valley and that of some of the lake valleys in the western part of North America is instructive as showing how similar physical features can be accounted for on similar principles of interpretation over all parts of the world. Mr. Eussell very properly draws attention to the paper by his colleague Mr. G. K. Gilbert on “The Topographical Features of Lake Shores,” in which principles of interpretation of physical phenomena are laid down applicable to lakes both of America and the Jordan-Arabah valley. With some of Mr. Russell's inferences regarding special epochs in the history of this valley I am very much disposed to agree; more particularly in reference to the mode of formation of the Salt Mountain, Jebel Usdum; or rather, of the salt-rock which forms the lower part of its mass. If this interpretation be correct, it removes the difficulty of understanding why the rock-salt is confined to one small corner of the lake, which, at the time the salt was in course of formation, was vastly more extensive than at present.

‘We keep our eyes fixed upon Christ’: an anti-speculative doctrine of final resurrection in Bullinger and Turretin

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (03) ◽  
pp. 253-264
Author(s):  
Steven Edward Harris
Keyword(s):  
Resurrection Of The Dead ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Dead ◽  
History Of Theology

AbstractThe doctrine of the resurrection of the dead at the end of time has often been the subject of speculation in the history of theology, seen especially in the influence of Augustine. The Reformers, seeking to avoid speculation here as elsewhere, turned to meditation on the risen Christ. This article expounds two Reformed accounts, those of Heinrich Bullinger (1504–75) and Francis Turretin (1623–87), which follow an anti-speculative rule formulated by Calvin: ‘we keep our eyes fixed upon Christ’. This rule, it is seen, also presses them to deny the Lutheran doctrine of the ubiquity of Christ's humanity.

The Oxford Handbook of Papyrology

2011 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Documents ◽  
International Experts

Thousands of texts, written over a period of three thousand years on papyri and potsherds, in Egyptian, Greek, Latin, Aramaic, Hebrew, Persian, and other languages, have transformed our knowledge of many aspects of life in the ancient Mediterranean and Near Eastern worlds. This book provides an introduction to the world of these ancient documents and literary texts, ranging from the raw materials of writing to the languages used, from the history of papyrology to its future, and from practical help in reading papyri to frank opinions about the nature of the work of papyrologists. It takes account of the important changes experienced by the discipline, especially within the last thirty years. The book includes work by twenty-seven international experts and more than one hundred illustrations.

The Concept and Task of Eschatology — Theological and Philosophical Reflections

1988 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Sauter
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
The State ◽  
Human History ◽  
Preceding Section ◽  
Last Judgment ◽  
The World ◽  
Resurrection Of The Dead ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Lutheran Orthodoxy ◽  
And Task

(1) The term ‘eschatology’ stems from Abraham Calov who entitled the twelfth and last section of his masterpiece of dogmatics, Systema locorum Theologicorum (1677), ‘EΣXATOΛOΓIA Sacra’. This final section, which concludes the Dogmatics of a leading representative of Lutheran Orthodoxy, deals with the ‘last things’ (de novissimis), specifically death and the state after death, the resurrection of the dead, the last Judgment, the consummation of the world, hell and everlasting death, and, finally, life everlasting. Calov does not define the artificial term ‘eschatologia’ which he himself had probably coined; he hardly even explains it in the course of his presentation, so that it remains a mere heading. Clearly it applies to the eschaton, namely ‘the end’, which, according to I Cor. 15.24, comes about when Christ, after subjugating all powers and authorities, delivers over the dominion to God the Father (quaestio 2). In the preceding section Calov had cited NT texts which explicitly or implicitly speak of the eschata, the last things, or of the last day/days as the conclusion of human history.

scholarly journals TANTANGAN PENGEMBANGAN ILMU-ILMU USHULUDDIN MENYONSONG PERUBAHAN IAIN AR-RANIRY MENJADI UIN

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Academic Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Academic Communities ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important Position ◽  
Theology Faculty

<p>Theology faculty as the vessel of developing basic Islamic studies that has an important position among the other faculties. The experience of changing institution to be university shown that theology faculty “desert” of applicants. Therefore, readiness and progress of Islamic Theology faculty under the State Islamic University (UIN) of course determine the future history of Islamic Theology.This struggle would be faced with all the seriousness of the academic community. Establishing the Faculty of Islamic Theology in the new form to be a demand. On the other hand, the academic communities of Islamic Theology Faculty are required to initiate a new paradigm in the world of work.</p>

scholarly journals Presentation of the Dossier

Caminhando ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Matthias Grenzer - Translation of João Batista Ribeiro Santos
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Theological Reflection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ancient Israel ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
The One ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
History Of Literature

The Pentateuch is a cultural heritage of Humanity. The world narrated in it belongs to the second millennium B.C., and the narratives, poems, and sets of laws contained therein were composed during the first six centuries of the first millennium B.C. On the one hand, by bringing together epic, lyrical, and legal poetry, the one hundred and eighty-seven chapters constitute, in the form of five books, a masterpiece in the history of literature. On the other hand, it is literature that proposes to cultivate memory, either in relation to the narrated world, or in view of the period of its composer, sometimes narrating, sometimes legislating, sometimes singing. Moreover, as literature aimed at history, the texts of the Pentateuch promote enormous theological reflection. The main goal seems to be to think God. Thus the first five books of the Jewish Bible and the Christian Bible, with their narrated models of faith and behavior, turned into poems and defined by legal formulations, became the foundational reference for the religion of ancient Israel, of which Judaism was born and, from the latter, Christianity. Also Jesus of Nazareth, in the four New Testament Gospels, is presented in relation to Abraham and Moses, and stands out as a unique teacher with regard to the laws contained in the Pentateuch.

Philosophy before the Greeks

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Van De Mieroop
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
First Century ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Coherent System ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Written Word ◽  
The Many ◽  
Eastern Traditions

There is a growing recognition that philosophy isn’t unique to the West, that it didn’t begin only with the classical Greeks, and that Greek philosophy was influenced by Near Eastern traditions. Yet even today there is a widespread assumption that what came before the Greeks was “before philosophy.” This book presents a groundbreaking argument that, for three millennia before the Greeks, one Near Eastern people had a rich and sophisticated tradition of philosophy fully worthy of the name. In the first century BC, the Greek historian Diodorus of Sicily praised the Babylonians for their devotion to philosophy. Showing the justice of Diodorus’s comment, this is the first book to argue that there were Babylonian philosophers and that they studied knowledge systematically using a coherent system of logic rooted in the practices of cuneiform script. The book uncovers Babylonian approaches to knowledge in three areas: the study of language, which in its analysis of the written word formed the basis of all logic; the art of divination, which interpreted communications between gods and humans; and the rules of law, which confirmed that royal justice was founded on truth. The result is an innovative intellectual history of the ancient Near Eastern world during the many centuries in which Babylonian philosophers inspired scholars throughout the region—until the first millennium BC, when the breakdown of this cosmopolitan system enabled others, including the Greeks, to develop alternative methods of philosophical reasoning.

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