scholarly journals Przysięga władcom Królestwa Polskiego z udziałem duchowieństwa katolickiego

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 211-242
Author(s):  
Witold Jemielity
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Local Language ◽  
The People ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Law ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Distinct Features ◽  
The Church

There has been close relationship of the church institutions with the state ones. People prayed in churches on behalf of the current ruler of the country, especially on his birthdays, name days and anniversary of coming to the throne. However, the most significant, according to the law, was the oath taken by all the subjects together with the members of the tsar family. There were two kinds of oaths taken by tha subjects: one taken immediately after the coming to the throne of the tsar and the other, taken just before taking over state offices or for the soldiers who have just joined up the army. There existed detailed regulations as regards who, when and in what way had to fulfill it. The contens of the oath to the specific ruler was quite similar, however, after January Uprising the distinct features of the Congress Kingdom and Tsar Russia started to disappear. In the first half of the century the oath was taken in Polish, while in Augustów Guernica it was also taken in Lithuanian. In the second half of the century the people who spoke Russian took the oath in that language, as far as it concerned civil offices, however in churches it was taken in a local language. It concerned people who have just joined up the army, were appointed to the post mayor, chief of the group of villages, guards of the forests and others. The oaths were taken by the clergymen even if they took place not in the church. Immediately after the November and January Uprisings again the loyalty towards the king and tsar was expressed.

scholarly journals Accutability of the Court - Some Theoretical and Legal Situations

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pham Hong Thai
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
The People ◽  
The Law ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Court accountability formed in the relationship of power between power owner and delegators, in which the delegators are obliged to be accountable to the owners of power. The nature of the accountability of the court is due diligence to clarify and explain information about the court's decisions, judgments, acts, and other activities up to the request of other state agencies, the authorized persons or the people. The accountable duty of the state, including the court, is regulated under the Constitution and other legal documents which show the content of the court's accountability mainly is explanation their adjudication is compiled to the following principles: publicity, independence, objectivity, only obeying the law, protecting justice. In fact, the court may ensure their accountability by publicizing their decisions, judgments, reports as well as their answers to any questions or requests. Keywords: Accountability, court, legal basis.

Education in Abyssinia

Africa ◽  
1932 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-343
Author(s):  
Olle Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
The State ◽  
The People ◽  
Natural Result ◽  
Public Instruction ◽  
The Church

It is hardly possible to speak of public instruction, so far as Abyssinia is concerned, in the sense of an organized system of education embracing the whole country. Education has always been of a private character, dependent upon the zeal and enterprise of individuals and small groups. Neither the State nor the Church, as such, has ever really felt itself responsible for the instruction of the young, with the natural result that the majority of the people grow up in ignorance.

scholarly journals Peranan Badan Pertanahan Nasional/Agraria Dan Tata Ruang Dalam Penyelesaian Sertifikat Ganda Di Kabupaten Banyumas

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ninik Hartariningsih ◽  
Esti Ningrum ◽  
Wahyu Hariadi
Keyword(s):  
Land Rights ◽  
The State ◽  
Good Faith ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT The number of cases or disputes in the field of land, one of which is due to the existence of multiple certificates, in which this problem can be caused by good ethics and good ethics. This is because land has a close relationship with humans, both for housing and for business. Therefore, the law requires the owner of land rights to register their land, so that they have legal guarantees and guarantees of their rights. Double certificates occur in the case of land being abandoned by a certified owner, for a period of more than 20 years so that the land grows with a thicket, which is then controlled by someone else in good faith for more than 20 years, then the person increases his right of ownership. This is justified by law because the person has controlled the land for more than 20 years, in addition, because the land has been neglected for more than 20 years, the right to annul the land is controlled by the State. Keywords: BPN/ATR, Solution, Double Certificate Abstrak. Banyaknya kasus/sengketa dibidang pertanahan, yang salah satunya adalah karena adanya sertifikat ganda, yang mana masalah ini dapat dikarenakan etikat tidak baik maupun etikat baik. Hal ini dikarenakan bahwa tanah mempunyai hubungan yang erat dengan manusia, baik untuk tempat tinggal maupun untuk berusaha. Oleh karenanya Undang- Undang mewajibkan sipemilik hak atas tanah untuk mendaftarkan tanahnya, agar mempunyai jaminan hukum dan jaminan haknya. Sertifikat ganda terjadi dalam hal tanah ditelantarkan oleh pemiliknya yang sudah bersertifikat, dalam jangka waktu lebih dari 20 tahun sehingga tanah tersebut tumbuh semak belukat, yang kemudian dikuasai oleh orang lain dengan itikat baik selama lebih dari 20 tahun, kemudian orang tersebut meningkatkan haknya menjadi hak milik.Hal ini dibenarkan oleh undang-undang karena org tersebut telah menguasai tanah tersebut selama lebih dari 20 tahun, selain itu karena tanah tersebut ditelntarkan selama lebih Dri 20 tahun, maka haknya hapus tanah dikuasai oleh Negara. Kata Kunci : BPN/ATR, Penyelesaian, Sertifikat Ganda

scholarly journals Teologi, Studi Biblika, dan Misi

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-131
Author(s):  
Ailsa Barker
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Missio Dei ◽  
People Of God ◽  
Biblical Story ◽  
Ministerial Training ◽  
The People ◽  
God's People ◽  
Missional Engagement ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Church

Missional hermeneutics is the interpretation of Scripture as it relates to the missionary task of the church. Four elements comprise a missional hermeneutics: 1) the missional trajectory of the biblical story being the foremost element, which also underlies the other three, 2) a narrative throughout Scripture centered on Christ and intended to equip the people of God for their missional task, 3) the missional context of the reader, in which attention moves from the task of equipping to the community being equipped, a community that is active, and 4) a missional engagement with culture and the implications thereof. Through the life of God’s people an alternative is offered, together with an invitation to come and join. Because the separation of theology from the mission of the church has distorted theology, all theology needs to be reformulated from the perspective of missio Dei and from the realization that the church is a sent community, missional in its very being. A missional hermeneutics bears implications upon the congregation, worship, preaching, discipleship, education, ministerial training, and the missionary task in multicultural contexts.

Definition and content of the right to freedom of conscience

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (05) ◽  
pp. 145-148
Author(s):  
Ниджат Рафаэль оглу Джафаров ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Freedom Of Conscience ◽  
Key Words Human ◽  
The People ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right

It can be accepted that the classification of human rights, its division, types, and groups, is of particular importance. The syllogism for human rights can be taken as follows: law belongs to man; human beings are the highest beings on earth like living beings. Therefore, the regulation prevails. The right to freedom is conditional. Man is free. Consequently, human rights are dependent. Morality is the limit of the law. Morality is the limit and content of human actions. Therefore, the law is the limit of human activities. Morality is related to law. Law is the norm of human behavior. Thereby, human behavior and direction are related to morality. The people create the state. The state has the right. Therefore, the right of the state is the right of the people. The state is an institution made up of citizens. Citizens have the privilege. Such blessings as Dignity, honor, conscience, zeal, honor, etc., and values are a part of morality and spiritual life. Morality is united with law. Therefore, moral values are part of the law. Everyone has the right to freedom of thought and conscience. Space is about the law. Therefore, everyone has the right to opinion and conscience. Key words: human rights, freedom of conscience, conceptuality, citizenship

Part I Introduction, 1 The Nature of Termination

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stannard John E ◽  
Capper David
Keyword(s):  
Common Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Breach Of Contract ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Right To Refuse

This chapter discusses the nature of termination for breach. Termination for breach can be seen both as a process and as a remedy. Traditionally, the topic has been dealt with under the broader umbrella of ‘discharge’, alongside such topics as performance, frustration, and agreement. Problems arise, however, when the notion of discharge is pressed too far; in particular, the idea of the contract ‘coming to an end’ can be a misleading one, and has given rise to various errors and misconceptions. For this and other reasons, more emphasis is now given to termination in the context of remedies. Termination can be one of the most useful weapons in the armoury for the victim of a breach of contract, not least because, unlike many other remedies, it does not require recourse to the courts. However, this notion of termination as a remedy should not obscure the close relationship between termination and the other modes of discharge, most notably frustration. The chapter then looks at the problems in this area of the law, including problems of terminology, the different ways in which common law and equity have approached the question, and the relationship between discharge and damages. It also considers the most important aspects of the right to terminate, including the right to refuse performance.

Worship

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Allen
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
The Public ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
The People ◽  
Public Work ◽  
The Church

In Catholic argot, the various rites and rituals of the Church are known as “liturgies,” from the ancient Greek term leitourgia, meaning “work,” referring to the public work of the state done on behalf of the people. The term was used in Greco-Roman...

The Moral Heart of Vatican II

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-76
Author(s):  
Michael Barnes, SJ
Keyword(s):  
Vatican Ii ◽  
Traditional Church ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

The background of Vatican II’s pastoral and missionary concerns cannot be separated from what is arguably the Council’s most unexpected and far-reaching document, Nostra Aetate, the Declaration on the relationship of the Church to non-Christian religions. While very often interpreted as changing, not to say reversing, traditional Church-centred soteriology, this chapter argues that Nostra Aetate needs to be understood primarily as an event, a moment of self-understanding on the part of the Church which provokes a radical conversio morum. By calling the Declaration the ‘moral heart of the Council’, the chapter focusses specifically on its original purpose. That the Declaration has opened up a broader interreligious perspective to which all the major religions of the world can relate is testament less to the power of particular theological ideas than to its central conviction that the Church finds its own origins not apart from but through the faith which it shares with the people of the Sinai Covenant.

Accountability of Judges

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-151
Author(s):  
Sudhanshu Ranjan
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
James I ◽  
Chief Justice ◽  
The Law ◽  
King James I

Judges are not above the law. Like the other institutions of the State, the judiciary must be accountable. Chief Justice Edward Coke told King James I point blank that was not above the law and quoted jurist Bracton, Non-sub homine sed sub deo et lege. (The King is under no man, save under God and the law.) Ironically, judges themselves don’t appear to be following this dictum giving an impression that they are above the law. The judiciary should be accountable according to its own reasonings employed for holding all other institutions to account. But it abhors the idea of accountability for itself in the name of its independence. It is a misnomer as independence and accountability are complementary, not antagonistic.

Church and Patriarchate and the Limits of Americanization

2020 ◽  
pp. 228-246
Author(s):  
Alexander Kitroeff
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eastern Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Greek Orthodox ◽  
New Era ◽  
Greek Orthodox Church ◽  
The Church

This chapter focuses on the state of Greek Orthodoxy in America at the end of the twentieth century. It assesses whether the Church under Archbishop Iakovos overreached in its efforts to Americanize, which alienated the Ecumenical Patriarchate. It analyzes the patriarchate's intervention, which illustrated the administrative limits the Greek Orthodox Church in America faces in its efforts to assimilate. The chapter describes the patriarchate's ability to invoke the transnational character of Orthodoxy in the new era of globalization. It explores the end of the evolution of Greek Orthodoxy into some form of American Orthodoxy through its fusion with the other Eastern Orthodox Churches.

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