Special issue on studies in Late Modern English historical phonology using the Eighteenth-Century English Phonology Database (ECEP): introduction

Since Charles Jones referred to the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as the ‘Cinderellas of English historical linguistic study’ (1989: 279), there has been a great deal of progress in research on this period, but, as Beal (2012: 22) points out, much of this has been in the fields of syntax, morphology, lexis, pragmatics, sociolinguistics and the normative tradition. Beal argues that the availability of corpora of Late Modern English texts has greatly facilitated research in these areas, but, since creating phonological corpora for periods antedating the invention of sound recording is a challenging proposition, the historical phonology of Late Modern English has benefited much less from the corpus revolution. To redress this imbalance, the editors of this issue, with technical support from the Humanities Research Institute, University of Sheffield, created the Eighteenth-Century English Phonology Database (ECEP), which is freely available at www.dhi.ac.uk/projects/ecep/

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Special issue: selected papers from the fourth International Conference on Late Modern English

English Language and Linguistics ◽

10.1017/s1360674312000093 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 201-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

JOAN C. BEAL ◽

SUSAN FITZMAURICE ◽

JANE HODSON

Keyword(s):

English Language ◽

Recent Past ◽

Special Issue ◽

Modern Period ◽

Vowel Shift ◽

Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽

The University ◽

And Linguistics ◽

Late Modern ◽

Selection Of

This issue ofEnglish Language and Linguisticscontains a selection of papers from the fourth conference on Late Modern English, held at the University of Sheffield in May 2010. Twenty-one years previously, when Charles Jones referred to the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as the ‘Cinderellas of English historical linguistic study’ (1989: 279), such a conference, let alone the fourth in a series of such conferences, would have seemed highly unlikely. Jones was alluding to the comparative neglect of the more recent past in historical studies of English. Up to this point, linguistic scholars had tended to regard the Late Modern period as unworthy of their attention. Morton W. Bloomfield & Leonard Newmark reflect this view in their assertion that ‘after the period of the Great Vowel Shift was over, the changes that were to take place in English phonology were few indeed’ (1963: 293). They also argue that any changes in the language that had occurred between the eighteenth and the mid twentieth centuries were ‘due to matters of style and rhetoric . . . rather than to differences in phonology, grammar or vocabulary’, going on to claim that ‘historical or diachronic linguistics, as such, is traditionally less concerned with such stylistic and rhetorical changes of fashion than with phonological, grammatical and lexical changes’ (1963: 288). This tendency to disregard anything not viewed as structural is very much of its time, but almost thirty years later, Dennis Freeborn was still claiming that ‘the linguistic changes that have taken place from the eighteenth century to the present day are relatively few’ (1992: 180).

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Reframing the Sciences of the Long Eighteenth Century

Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences ◽

10.1525/hsns.2020.50.1-2.58 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (1-2) ◽

pp. 58-66

Author(s):

Giuliano Pancaldi

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

History Of Science ◽

Science Policy ◽

Special Issue ◽

Half Century ◽

The Past ◽

Past Half Century ◽

History Of ◽

Long Eighteenth Century ◽

Past Half

Here I survey a sample of the essays and reviews on the sciences of the long eighteenth century published in this journal since it was founded in 1969. The connecting thread is some historiographic reflections on the role that disciplines—in both the sciences we study and the fields we practice—have played in the development of the history of science over the past half century. I argue that, as far as disciplines are concerned, we now find ourselves a bit closer to a situation described in our studies of the long eighteenth century than we were fifty years ago. This should both favor our understanding of that period and, hopefully, make the historical studies that explore it more relevant to present-day developments and science policy. This essay is part of a special issue entitled “Looking Backward, Looking Forward: HSNS at 50,” edited by Erika Lorraine Milam.

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INOVASI FONOLOGIS DENASALISASI DALAM ISOLEK BONAI ULAKPATIAN

Madah Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra ◽

10.31503/madah.v6i2.386 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 235

Author(s):

Yanti Riswara

Keyword(s):

Historical Linguistic ◽

Language Variation ◽

Final Position ◽

Process Data ◽

Top Down ◽

Linguistic Study ◽

Oral Speech ◽

Research Findings

The paper is aimed at describing a language variation, that is Ulakpatian Bonai isolect in Riau Province. This is a kind of historical linguistic study which is objected to describe a phonological inovation process of denasalisation among nasal phonemes at final positions or at close ultimate sillables in an isolect used by Bonai tribe in Ulakpatian, Rokan Hulu District, Riau Province. Analysis of inavation is based on protomalayic (PM) which is reconstructed by Adelaar.The research applicates top-down method of anaysis which are gaining the results by deductive process. Data of this research are oral speech of Bonai people based on 200 Swadesh words. The data are gathered by conversational and listening methods which applied several techniques. The results of the analysis are presented by formal and informal methods. The research findings reveal that the language of the tribe shows three kinds of denasalisation of phonological innovation at final position which have changed the nasal phonemes of *PM to unnasal ones in isolek Bonai Ulakpatian: (*PM > BU) , i.e. 1) PM *n/-# > []/-#, 2) PM *m/-# > [p]/-#, dan 3) PM * /-# > [g]/-#.Abstrak Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan sebuah variasi bahasa, yaitu isolek Bonai Ulakpatian yang terdapat di Provinsi Riau. Kajian ini merupakan kajian linguistik historis yang memaparkan proses inovasi fonologis denasalisasi yang terjadi pada fonem-fonem nasal yang berada pada posisi akhir atau silabe ultima tertutup dalam sebuah isolek yang digunakan oleh suku Bonai di Desa Ulakpatian, Kabupaten Rokan Hulu. Analisis inovasi fonologis tersebut didasarkan pada protomalayik (PM) yang direkonstruksi oleh Adelaar. Kajian ini menerapkan mentode analisis top-down yang bersifat deduktif. Data penelitian merupakan data tuturan masyarakat suku Bonai yang mengacu pada 200 kosakata dasar yang dijadikan rujukan dalam penjaringan data kebahasaan. Data dikumpulkan dengan penerapan metode cakap dan metode simak dengan menggunakan teknik pancing dan teknik rekam. Data dideskripsikan secara fonetis dengan simbol IPA. Hasil penelitian disajikan dengan metode formal dan informal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolek Bonai Ulakpatian memiliki tiga bentuk inovasi fonologis denasalisasi pada posisi akhir beberapa fonem nasal *PM menjadi taknasal pada isolek BU (*PM > BU) , yaitu 1) PM *n/-# > []/-#, 2) PM *m/-# > [p]/-#, dan 3) PM * /-# > [g]/-#.

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The Printed Word in the Eighteenth Century. A special issue of Eighteenth-Century Studies, 17. Raymond Birn

The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America ◽

10.1086/pbsa.83.1.24303834 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 124-124

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

Special Issue ◽

Printed Word

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Using the Eighteenth-Century English Phonology Database (ECEP) as a teaching resource

English Language and Linguistics ◽

10.1017/s1360674320000143 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 591-606

Author(s):

CHRISTINE WALLIS

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

Language Change ◽

Historical Linguistics ◽

Language Attitudes ◽

Source Material ◽

Historical Sociolinguistics ◽

Teaching Resource ◽

The University ◽

Late Modern

This article reports on the use of the Eighteenth-Century English Phonology Database (ECEP) as a teaching resource in historical sociolinguistics and historical linguistics courses at the University of Sheffield. Pronouncing dictionaries are an invaluable resource for students learning about processes of standardisation and language attitudes during the Late Modern English period (1700–1900), however they are not easy to use in their original format. Each author uses their own notation system to indicate their recommended pronunciation, while the terminology used to describe the quality of the vowels and consonants differs from that used today, and provides an additional obstacle to the student wishing to interrogate such sources. ECEP thus provides a valuable intermediary between the students and the source material, as it includes IPA equivalents for the recommended pronunciations, as well as any metalinguistic commentary offered by the authors about a particular pronunciation. This article demonstrates a teaching approach that not only uses ECEP as a tool in its own right, but also explores how it can be usefully combined with other materials covering language change in the Late Modern English period to enable students to undertake their own investigations in research-led courses.

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Scales of Justice: Defense Counsel and the English Criminal Trial in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries

Law and History Review ◽

10.2307/743649 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 221-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

J. M. Beattie

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

Professional Training ◽

Common Law ◽

Criminal Trial ◽

Criminal Courts ◽

Defense Counsel ◽

Trial Procedure ◽

Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽

The Right

My subject is the story of the entry of lawyers into the English criminal courts and their impact on trial procedure. Until the eighteenth century lawyers played little part in the trial of felonies in England—in the trial, that is, of those accused of the most serious offenses, including murder, rape, arson, robbery, and virtually all forms of theft. Indeed, the defendants in such cases were prohibited at common law from engaging lawyers to act for them in court. In the case of less-serious crimes—misdemeanors—defendants were allowed counsel; and those accused of high treason, the most serious offense of all, were granted the right to make their defense by counsel in 1696. But not in felony. Accused felons might seek a lawyer's advice on points of law, but if they wanted to question the prosecution evidence or to put forward a defense, they had to do that on their own behalf. The victim of a felony (who most often acted as the prosecutor in a system that depended fundamentally on private prosecution) was free to hire a lawyer to manage the presentation of his or her case. But in fact few did so. The judges were generally the only participants in felony trials with professional training. They dominated the courtroom and orchestrated the brief confrontation between the victim and the accused that was at the heart of the trial.

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New Religious Movements in Brazil

Nova Religio The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions ◽

10.1525/nr.2012.15.4.3 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 3-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stephen Selka

Keyword(s):

Religious Practice ◽

Religious Movements ◽

New Religious Movements ◽

Evangelical Christianity ◽

Special Issue ◽

Race And Class ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Modern Era ◽

Religious Landscape ◽

Late Modern

This article provides an overview of the Brazilian religious landscape and an introduction to this special issue on new religious movements in Brazil. I stress how the Brazilian religious landscape, although often imagined as a place of religious syncretism and cultural mixture, is crosscut by an array of boundaries, tensions and antagonisms, including ones grounded in race and class. The article outlines the major topics and problems taken up by the contributors to this issue, including appropriation across lines of race, ethnicity and class; the growing influence of evangelical Christianity in Latin America and beyond; esoteric religious practice in the late modern era; and questions of purity and authenticity, syncretism and anti-syncretism. Through their engagement with these themes, the articles in this issue contribute to a number of important discussions that relate not only to the study of religion in Brazil but to the study of new religious movements in general.

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Post-Byzantine hermeneiai zographikes in the eighteenth century and their dissemination in the Balkans during the nineteenth century

Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies ◽

10.1017/s0307013100015056 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 69-79

Author(s):

Emmanuel Moutafov

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Eighteenth Century ◽

Balkan Peninsula ◽

Primary Sources ◽

The Balkans ◽

Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries

This article focuses on the significance of the Orthodox painters’ manuals, called hermeneiai zographikes, in the development of post-Byzantine iconography and painting technology and techniques in the Balkans during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Using a number of unpublished painters’ manuals (Greek and Slavonic) as primary sources for the study of Christian and Ottoman culture in the Balkan peninsula, it is possible to examine perceptions of Europe in the Balkans, in particular the principal routes for the transmission of ideas of the European Enlightenment, as well as the role of artists as mediators in the processes of ‘Europeanization'.

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En[dj]uring [ʧ]unes or ma[tj]ure [ʤ]ukes? Yod-coalescence and yod-dropping in the Eighteenth-Century English Phonology Database

English Language and Linguistics ◽

10.1017/s1360674320000258 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 493-526

Author(s):

JOAN C. BEAL ◽

RANJAN SEN ◽

NURIA YÁÑEZ-BOUZA ◽

CHRISTINE WALLIS

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

Oxford English Dictionary ◽

British English ◽

Variation Patterns ◽

Comprehensive Survey ◽

Social Motivations ◽

The Many ◽

Historical Variation ◽

Late Modern ◽

Insight Into

Yod-coalescence involving alveolar consonants before Late Modern English /uː/ from earlier /iu > juː/ is still variable and diffusing in Present-day English. For example, the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) gives both (/tj dj/) and (/ʧ ʤ/) British English pronunciations for tune (/tjuːn/, /tʃuːn/), mature (/mǝˈtjʊǝ/, /mǝˈʧʊǝ/), duke (/djuːk/, /dʒuːk/) and endure (/ᵻnˈdjʊə/, /ɛnˈdjʊə/, /ᵻnˈdʒʊə/, /ɛnˈdʒʊə/, /ᵻnˈdjɔː/, /ɛnˈdjɔː/, /ᵻnˈdʒɔː/, /ɛnˈdʒɔː/). Extensive variability in yod-coalescence and yod-dropping is not recent in origin, and we can already detect relevant patterns in the eighteenth century from the evidence of a range of pronouncing dictionaries. Beal (1996, 1999) notes a tendency for northern English and Scottish authors to be more conservative with regard to yod-coalescence. She concludes that we require ‘a comprehensive survey of the many pronouncing dictionaries and other works on pronunciation’ (1996: 379) to gain more insight into the historical variation patterns underlying Present-day English.This article presents some results from such a ‘comprehensive survey’: the Eighteenth-Century English Phonology Database (ECEP). Transcriptions of all relevant words located are compared across a range of eighteenth-century sources in order to determine the chronology of yod-coalescence and yod-dropping as well as internal (e.g. stress, phoneme type, presence of a following /r/) and external (e.g. prescriptive, geographical, social) motivations for these developments.

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