Model and Verification of Medical English Machine Translation Based on Optimized Generalized Likelihood Ratio Algorithm

Phrase identification plays an important role in medical English machine translation. However, the phrases in medical English are complicated in internal structure and semantic relationship, which hinders the identification of machine translation and thus affects the accuracy of translation results. With the aim of breaking through the bottleneck of machine translation in medical field, this paper designed a machine translation model based on the optimized generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) algorithm. Specifically, the model in question established a medical phrase corpus of 250,000 English and 280,000 Chinese words, applied the symbol mapping function to the identification of the phrase’s part of speech, and employed the syntactic function of the multioutput analysis table structure to correct the structural ambiguity in the identification of the part of speech, eventually obtaining the final identification result. According to the comprehensive verification, the translation model employing the optimized GLR algorithm was seen to improve the speed, accuracy, and update performance of machine translation and was seen to be more suitable for machine translation in medical field, therefore providing a new perspective for the employment of medical machine translation.

Implementation of interactive methodology in medical education

Nowadays, the acquisition of innovative approaches and techniques that use the Internet is one of the main goals for the development of higher medical education in Ukraine. Blending learning is an effective way to gain knowledge in medicine and such kind of education is carried out through educational programs and curriculum and was approved for each department by the scientific council of the university. This paper describes the effectiveness of blending learning in the preparation of medical students in Ukraine. The authors designed a course “Medical English for Specific Purpose” and implemented it into the educational process. From this research, it can be concluded that blending learning is an integral part of modern education with the ability to use collaborative and critical thinking skills. In such kind of education, the role of a teacher changes to the facilitator who involves and stimulates students to go through real problem solving and meaningful lifelong learning experiences.

E-learning w nauczaniu medycznego języka angielskiego

The aim of the present article is to describe the methods and forms of e-learning implemented to classes of medical English to Polish students in the summer semester in 2020 at Nicolaus Copernicus University (NCU) in Torun. The theoretical framework of the proposed e-learning was based on the assumptions voiced by constructivism. The article also discusses the results of two anonymous surveys concerning classes of medical English, which were administered among students of Collegium Medicum NCU. The first survey was administered after one week of e-learning (in March) and the second one after the last class of e-learning (in June). Over one hundred respondents took part in each survey. A number of apps were used in the distance education described in the article, inter alia: MS Teams, MS Forms, Fiszkoteka, Kahoot, LearnClick, OBS Studio, YouTube, etc. The results of the surveys demonstrate that a vast number of students who took part in the online course of medical English were satisfied with this form of learning, which they found effective, motivating and attractive.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AN ACTIVITY-BASED APPROACH TO TEACHING THE PAST TENSE IN MEDICAL ENGLISH FOR PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

The present paper explores the methods for effective mastering the past tense relying on an activity-based approach following the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. The aim of the research is to facilitate the teaching and revising the grammar material on the past simple (indefinite) tense, the past continuous (progressive) tense, and the past perfect tense in the process of training undergraduates, Ph.D. students, academic and clinical teachers at a medical university. The results of the research have been integrated into the 1st edition of “Medical English for Academic Purposes” (2018) and “Medical English for Public Health Purposes” (2021). The authors developed the methodological mechanisms to support courses in professional English at higher medical educational institutions through an activity-based approach, which ensures the effective acquisition of a foreign language, promotes the formation of a linguistic personality capable not only of communicating in all areas, but also of successful integration into the international community. The paper provides a wide range of scaffolding activities and methods: using visuals (graphic organizers, charts, etc.), selecting historically meaningful texts, peer-to-peer talk, strategic pairings, “real-life tasks” and modelling situations, the “fishbowl” model and others. The suggested methodological algorithm is feasible for both oral and written communication, reading and listening comprehension activities, group work, individual and self-directed work in class, as well as for in-class or self-paced learning, depending on the features of the curriculum and students’ English proficiency. The receptive aspect of teaching is represented by read-and-translate exercises, targeted texts describing significant events in the history of medicine, as well as true-false exercises to check students’ comprehension. Meanwhile, the reproductive aspect of teaching covers exercises involving opening the brackets, filling the blanks, as well as creating negative and interrogative forms of verbs. Eventually, the productive aspect of teaching is ensured by a wide range of creative speaking and writing activities and “real-life tasks”, aimed at developing students’ communicative competence in English for Professional Purposes (in-class speaking activities (peer-to-peer talk, class discussion). In addition, collecting family history is yet another pragmatically feasible task to revise and study past tenses. The application of an activity-based approach to teaching the past tenses at a medical university is highly effective to foster essential job-related skills, experience and professional readiness. The authors believe that this, in turn, will promote academic mobility and scientific cooperation, thus contributing to the development of higher medical education in Ukraine, which renders the research relevant.

Deity, love, punishment, rage, and mythonyms from head to toes. A brief history of some medical terms

Although it is undoubtful that today’s Medical English is rooted in Greek and Latin, it is particularly interesting that figures from Greek mythology are the roots of words to describe conditions, body parts, feelings, substances, etc. While there are numerous medical terms that are derived from the names of Greek mythological figures, this paper will only investigate words ranging from A to H and will try to justify the relationship between the concepts and the choice of terminology.

BORROWED LEXICAL TERMS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE

The article aims to review notion and issues of borrowed words and the ways of using English borrowed words that are employed in the field of medicine. The article seeks to identify the lexical, morphological structure of English loan words, and analyzes medical borrowed words and translations in Karakalpak language. In the article, descriptive, comparative analysis methods are used. Moreover, the author considers that there are some differences and the similarities that exist between the English and Karakalpak medical borrowed words and their expressions. As medicine having a long history, it is obvious that different nations might have contributed to its development that has been accompanied by the creation of the terminology necessary to describe the discoveries made and to express the concepts that evolved in the course of this development. Therefore, our purpose in this paper is to highlight some of the linguistic contributions made to Medical English by a number of foreign medical languages.