INOVASI FONOLOGIS DENASALISASI DALAM ISOLEK BONAI ULAKPATIAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Yanti Riswara
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
Language Variation ◽  
Final Position ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Linguistic Study ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Research Findings

The paper is aimed at describing a language variation, that is Ulakpatian Bonai isolect  in Riau Province. This is a kind of historical linguistic study which  is objected to describe a phonological inovation process of denasalisation among nasal phonemes at final positions or at close ultimate sillables in an isolect used by Bonai tribe in Ulakpatian, Rokan Hulu District,  Riau  Province.  Analysis  of  inavation is based on protomalayic (PM)  which  is reconstructed by Adelaar.The research applicates  top-down method of anaysis which are gaining  the  results by deductive process. Data of  this  research are oral  speech of Bonai people  based  on  200  Swadesh  words.  The  data  are  gathered  by  conversational  and listening  methods  which  applied  several  techniques.  The  results  of  the  analysis  are presented by formal and informal methods. The research findings reveal that the language of the tribe shows three kinds of denasalisation of phonological innovation at final position which  have  changed  the  nasal  phonemes  of  *PM  to  unnasal  ones  in  isolek  Bonai Ulakpatian: (*PM > BU) , i.e. 1) PM *n/-# > []/-#, 2) PM *m/-# > [p]/-#, dan 3) PM * /-# > [g]/-#.Abstrak  Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan sebuah variasi bahasa, yaitu isolek Bonai Ulakpatian yang terdapat di Provinsi Riau. Kajian ini merupakan kajian linguistik historis yang memaparkan proses inovasi fonologis denasalisasi yang terjadi pada fonem-fonem nasal yang berada pada posisi akhir atau silabe ultima tertutup dalam sebuah isolek yang digunakan oleh suku Bonai di Desa Ulakpatian, Kabupaten Rokan Hulu. Analisis inovasi fonologis tersebut didasarkan pada protomalayik (PM) yang direkonstruksi oleh Adelaar. Kajian ini menerapkan mentode analisis top-down yang bersifat deduktif. Data penelitian merupakan data tuturan masyarakat suku Bonai yang mengacu pada 200 kosakata dasar yang dijadikan rujukan dalam penjaringan data kebahasaan. Data dikumpulkan dengan penerapan metode cakap dan metode simak dengan menggunakan teknik pancing dan teknik rekam. Data dideskripsikan secara fonetis dengan simbol IPA. Hasil penelitian disajikan dengan metode formal dan informal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolek Bonai Ulakpatian memiliki tiga bentuk inovasi fonologis denasalisasi pada posisi akhir beberapa fonem nasal *PM menjadi taknasal pada isolek BU (*PM > BU) , yaitu 1) PM *n/-# > []/-#, 2) PM *m/-# > [p]/-#, dan 3) PM * /-# > [g]/-#.

Sebaran Peluang Acak Kontinu, Distribusi Normal, Distribusi Normal Baku, Distribusi T, Distribusi Chi Square, dan Distribusi F

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Sudi Pratikno
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Standard Normal Distribution ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Nominal Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Stable Curve ◽  
Standard Normal ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
F Distribution ◽  
T Distribution

In statistics, there are various terms that may feel unfamiliar to researcher who is not accustomed to discussing it. However, despite all of many functions and benefits that we can get as researchers to process data, it will later be interpreted into a conclusion. And then researcher can digest and understand the research findings. The distribution of continuous random opportunities illustrates obtaining opportunities with some detection of time, weather, and other data obtained from the field. The standard normal distribution represents a stable curve with zero mean and standard deviation 1, while the t distribution is used as a statistical test in the hypothesis test. Chi square deals with the comparative test on two variables with a nominal data scale, while the f distribution is often used in the ANOVA test and regression analysis.

scholarly journals Teacher Professional Development: EFL Teachers’ Experiences in the Republic of Benin

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Juvenale Patinvoh Agbayahoun
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Teacher Development ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Teachers Experiences ◽  
Efl Teachers ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Teacher Professional ◽  
Republic Of Benin ◽  
The Republic

<p>Using a survey, this study examines EFL teachers’ views on professional development, the models of teacher development they are familiar with, and their experiences in the area. The study also inquires into the teachers’ knowledge and opinions about inquiry-based teaching. The results indicate that though the EFL teachers often have the opportunity to participate in teacher development activities, these activities do not enable them to develop the skill of reflection and action on practice as they are patterned on top-down models of teacher development and happen in a one-shot workshop-style. Other teacher development activities such as action-research, reading research findings in the field, peer observation, mentoring, or teacher networking are unfamiliar to them. While the participant EFL teachers acknowledged that the top-down teacher development activities give them exposure to informative input, they also reported that such activities, paradoxically, have little impact on their teaching and students’ learning. Most of them acknowledged having very little knowledge of teacher development activities that involve self-intiative and autonomy, and they expressed interest in learning about and trying action-research in their classrooms.</p>

Top-Down of Electric Vehicle Industry Development

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 1422-1425
Author(s):  
Shuang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Vehicle Development ◽  
Industry Development ◽  
Social Organizations ◽  
Green Industry ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Research Findings

This thesis focuses on the Top-down of electric vehicle promotion, conducted with Beijing as an example. First, Top-down of the electric vehicle development is gotten. By analyzing behaviors and roles of governments, enterprises and other social organizations in development, the thesis makes feasible recommendations respectively, then, based on which the thesis sums up the Top-down to promote the industry as a whole. Finally, the application of research findings in other cities is given. New ideas are given by the research findings to develop the industry, providing a great deal of inspiration to the development of the new and expanding green industry in China.

Multiple sources and multiple causes multiply explored

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian D. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Language Variation ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Linguistic Practice ◽  
Language System ◽  
Occam’S Razor ◽  
Multiple Pressures ◽  
Multiple Causes

Multiple sources abound in language, at all levels of linguistic analysis (phonology, syntax, semantics, etc.), and in a range of historical pursuits, including etymology and variationist investigations. From a methodological standpoint, moreover, recognizing multiple sources is often good historical linguistic practice (contrary to inclinations towards neat and elegant solutions that satisfy Occam’s Razor). That is, if we can identify multiple pressures on some part of a language system, it cannot always readily be excluded that some or even all might have played a role in shaping a particular development; if all of the factors represent reasonable pressures that speakers could have been aware of and influenced by, excluding any could simply be arbitrary. In this paper, accordingly, I survey the breadth of multiple sources in a variety of areas of language change, and advance one particular consequence that multiple sources can lead to, namely the hypothesis that recognizing multiple sources can be a basis for positing proto-language variation that is realized in variation within single languages and across related languages.

scholarly journals Hubungan Persepsi Dengan Motivasi Siswa Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Dalam Konseling Perorangan

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Diastuti Diastuti ◽  
Itsar Bolo Rangka ◽  
Wahyu Eka Prasetyaningtyas ◽  
Dian Renata
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Vocational School ◽  
Counselling Service ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
Individual Counselling ◽  
Perceptions Of Students ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Counselling Process

This study aimed to perform relationship between students perceptions on counselling practice with motivational student’s in to individual counselling process. Data collection was conducted against 288 students in Al Hidayah 1 Vocational School - Jakarta. Data analysis used the correlation coefficient test Gamma and Somers'D. The research findings showed coefficient Gamma and Somers'D test reached 0496 with Zhitung > Ztable or 6,523 > 1.96. It means there is a significant relationship and positive direction between the perceptions of students towards counselling and motivation of students followed individual counselling service

scholarly journals Biological Control ofSolenopsisFire Ants byPseudacteonParasitoids: Theory and Practice

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd W. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Population Regulation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Fire Ants ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Host System ◽  
Research Findings

Pseudacteonparasitoids are potential biocontrol agents of invasiveSolenopsisfire ants.Pseudacteonspecies that parasitize the invasiveS. invictaBuren andS. richteriForel have been introduced to, and naturally dispersed across, the southeastern USA, although there is no evidence yet thatSolenopsishost ant populations have decreased. The ability of introducedPseudacteonspecies to regulateSolenopsispopulations will depend upon the relative importance of top-down effects in the recipient communities. In this paper, I examine the characteristics of thePseudacteon/Solenopsisparasitoid/host system and evaluate the extent to which research findings are consistent with top-down control. Laboratory and field experiments evaluatingSolenopsispopulation regulation have been equivocal, and overall the available evidence provides little support for strong top-down effects in this system. Competitive exclusion may occur among introducedPseudacteonspecies, and future efforts at biological control are likely to be more efficacious if they focus on other types of natural enemies.

scholarly journals A Szepes vármegyére vonatkozó középkori oklevelek filológiai tanulságai

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 81-108
Author(s):  
Róbert Kenyhercz
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Linguistic Study ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Ultimate Objective

Philological Findings from the Historical Linguistic Study of Medieval Charters from Szepes County My paper introduces the philological findings derived from the linguistic analy-sis of medieval charters for Szepes County. During the discussion of various fac-tors, my ultimate objective is to find out how the proper name data of the charters may be used for the purposes of research in historical linguistics and onomastics. Although the observations and hypotheses are based on the study of sources from Szepes specifically, I believe that the issues addressed in my paper also carry broader relevance and thus may be used both when interpreting remnants of char-ters and in the process of historical linguistic research based on these. Keywords: Szepes County, medieval charters, linguistic prestige, Latinization

scholarly journals AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL LINGUISTIC STUDY: LANGUAGE AND GENDER IN EFL CLASSROOM

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Putri Maharani
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Classroom Environment ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Linguistic Study ◽  
Language And Gender ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Conceptual Study

Gender differences are pivotal in EFL (English as A Foreign Language) classroom. The aims of this anthropological linguistic study are to figure out the extent of female and male learners’ differences in EFL classroom, the factors which affect the gender differences in the EFL learners’ language use, and the effects that learners’ gender differences in language use bring to the EFL classroom. Having been designed as a conceptual study, several research findings were scrutinized to answer the research questions. It can be wrapped up that both male and female are distinctive in using English as an international language due to the reasons in communication. Further, it was revealed that multiple factors affect gender differences in using language within the EFL classes; such as: classroom environment, cultural, and social impacts. Finally, the findings definitely convey positive impacts towards the future EFL teaching and learning process.

scholarly journals The Message of The Qur’ān Karya Muhammad Asad

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-192
Author(s):  
Lis Safitri
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Linguistic Study ◽  
Contemporary Method ◽  
Library Research ◽  
English Translations ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
Descriptive Method

This study aimed to find methodologies of translation and interpretation of The Message of the Qur`ān and the contribution of The Message of the Qur`ān to the development of the study of the Qur`ān. This study is library research with the inferential-descriptive method using historical, linguistic, and philosophical approaches. The primary data of this research is the translation and interpretation of the Qur`ān in The Message of the Qur`ān. The study shows that the type of translation of the book is tafsiriyyah translation with grouping some verses based on the small themes in the surah (munasabah). Asad interpreted the Qur`ān using the sequence of surah (tartib mushafi), with the analytical method (tahlili) and the style of adabi ijtima’i. The sources of his interpretation include the Qur`ān itself, the Hadis, the interpretation from the earlier scholars, asbab al-nuzul, sirah, dictionaries both Arabic and English, Bible, and the contemporary scientific theories. Through his work, Asad not only presented the translation with a strong linguistic study, but also enlivened the study on the Qur`ān studies, such as muhkam-mutasyabih, nasikh-mansukh, and the stories in the Qur`ān. The Message of the Qur’an has been written in the contemporary method and become one of the comprehensive English translations of the Qur`ān for Muslims today.

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