scholarly journals Trends in overweight by socio-economic status in Vietnam: 1992 to 2002

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minh Duc Nguyen ◽  
Shirley AA Beresford ◽  
Adam Drewnowski
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Food Expenditures ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

AbstractObjectiveTo explore socio-economic factors associated with rising rates of overweight among Vietnamese adults.DesignThe study was based on three national surveys of socio-economic factors and health conducted over a 10-year period. The studies were: the Vietnamese Living Standard Survey 1992–1993 (11 982 participants); the Vietnamese Living Standard Survey 1997–1998 (15 975 participants); and the Vietnamese National Health Survey 2001–2002 (94 656 participants).SubjectsMale and female adults >18 years old were stratified by gender, age group, area of residence, occupation, education and relative food expenditures. Overweight was defined using body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg m− 2.ResultsOverweight rates in Vietnam more than doubled between 1992 and 2002 (from 2.0 to 5.7%). Significant increases were observed for men and women, in urban and rural areas, and for all age groups. In univariate analyses, both age and higher socio-economic status were associated with higher rates of overweight. Using the most recent survey, urban populations were more likely to be overweight than rural ones (odds ratio (OR) = 1.79), white-collar workers were more likely to be overweight than manual labourers (OR = 1.95) and persons in the top level of food expenditures were more likely to be overweight than persons in the bottom level (OR = 4.96) after adjustment for other factors. Education was inversely associated with overweight after adjusting for covariates.ConclusionEconomic growth and improved standard of living are associated with higher rates of overweight in nations in early stages of economic development. In Vietnam, higher rates of overweight were observed among the higher income and occupation groups.

Inequalities in the Regional Distribution of Private Psychiatric Services Provided under Medicare

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 630-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony F. Jorm ◽  
Stephen J. Rosenman ◽  
Patricia A. Jacomb
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Medicare Data ◽  
Consultant Physician ◽  
Using Data

An analysis was carried out on Medicare data to find out if there are inequalities in the geographical distribution of private psychiatric services in Australia. The number of psychiatric services and persons becoming patients per 100,000 population was calculated for each federal electorate for the year 1985/86 and related to social indicators derived from the 1986 census. As a comparison, services provided by consultant physicians were analyzed as well. The data were based on the electorate of the patient rather than the electorate of the practitioner. Consultant psychiatrist services were found to be received more often in high socio-economic status electorates and those with older populations, and less often in rural areas. A similar pattern was found for consultant physician services, although the relationship with socio-economic status was not as strong. Frequent psychiatric consultations of longer duration, which are an indicator of insight psychotherapy, were more common in higher socioeconomic status electorates. A limitation of the Medicare data is that they cover only private services. To overcome this limitation, a supplementary analysis was carried out on the distribution of consultations for mental disorders using data from the National Health Survey. These data confirmed that individuals of high socio-economic status with a mental disorder are more likely to receive specialist treatment.

scholarly journals A Study of Anthropometric and Socio-economic Factors Associated with Delayed Menarche in a Bengali Indian Population with Special Reference to BMI and 2D:4D Ratio

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Suddhasatta Ghosh ◽  
Dilip Mukherjee ◽  
Riddhi Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
P Value ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Parental Height ◽  
Age Of Menarche ◽  
Delayed Menarche ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Introduction: The average age of menarche has declined over the last century but the magnitude of the decline and the factors responsible remain subjects of contention. Aims and Objectives: To study a group with delayed menarche in a cohort of Bengali Indian females with low to normal body weight. To investigate anthropometric characteristics (height, mid-parental height, weight, BMI), Socio-economic Status, Sexual Maturity Rating (SMR) stages and 2D: 4D ratio ( ratio of lengths of second and fourth digits of both hands) in those with delayed menarche. To analyse the correlation of these factors with delayed age of menarche. Materials and Methods: A total of 614 children , aged 11- 16 completed years, of low to middle income family groups and attending suburban schools, were evaluated on the basis of predetermined questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. Correlation of factors with delayed age of menarche was done by appropriate statistical methods Results and Analysis: Out of 190 children having delayed menarche (cases) and 424 children with normal age of menarche (controls) , the height percentile (p value: 0.642), BMI ( p value: 0.091), weight (p value: 0.12)and Mid-Parental Height (p value: 0.26) had no significant correlation , while SMR ( p value:0.00), 2D:4D ratio (p value:0.002) and low Socio-economic Status (p value: 0.00) had a significant correlation with delayed menarche. Conclusion: This study is the first to examine such a wide variety of anthropometric and socio-economic factors at a time in a single cohort of females with delayed menarche. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v3i4.5902 Asian Journal of Medical Science Vol.3(4) 2012 pp.24-31

scholarly journals Trend in Household Expenditures in Albania

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Ruzhdie Bici ◽  
Albana Hashorva
Keyword(s):  
Material Deprivation ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Household Expenditures ◽  
Standard Measurement ◽  
Food Expenditures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Socio Economic Factors ◽  
Significant Factors

In Albania almost 50% of the household expenditures go for food. The levels of the food have change by years but still have a considered weight in household budget. The study shows the trend and the significant factors that influence the food and non food consumption for different economic levels of the households in Albania. Household composition, geographic characteristics and other material deprivation dimensions have an important impact to the consumption trend and household wellbeing. The data refers to the Living Standard Measurement Survey (LSMS), which measure poverty through expenditures method. It is a multidimensional survey and gives us the possibility to have multi indicators and also disaggregate and test the relationship and influence. This paper shows the trend by household size, for different regions, the typology of the household and other socio-economic factors that may influence the food and non food expenditures trend. It is used the descriptive analyses and quintile regression of different foods level by different factors. The calculations are done using SPSS and Stata.

scholarly journals Dental caries experience and socio-economic status among Iranian children: a multilevel analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Ghasemianpour ◽  
Soheila Bakhshandeh ◽  
Armin Shirvani ◽  
Naghmeh Emadi ◽  
Hamid Samadzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Poisson Regression Analysis ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Dmft Index ◽  
Iranian Children

Abstract Background Socio-economic factors are considered as main determinants causing disparities in oral health across different countries. The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations of social and economic factors with dental caries experience among 6- and 12-year-old Iranian children. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a total of 31,146 students, aged 6 and 12 years old, were enrolled from all (31) provinces in Iran. Based on the standardized World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for oral health surveys, dental caries indices in primary and permanent teeth were assessed by clinical examination in schools. Data on socio-economic status was obtained from the modified WHO questionnaire and national data bank. The decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmft/DMFT) indices for primary and permanent dentition were compared at the individual and provincial levels using multilevel regression analysis. Poisson regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of social (demographic and behavioral) determinants with dental caries indices among individuals. To assess the causes of difference in dental caries indices across provinces, justifiable economic factors were also analyzed using poisson regression analysis. Results The mean (SE) of dmft and DMFT were 5.84 (0.05) and 1.84 (0.03), for 6-and 12-year-old children, respectively. The differences of dental caries indices were statistically significant among provinces. Higher level of parental education was negatively related to dental caries indices of both age groups. Rural residency was positively and dental flossing was reversely associated with dmft index of 6-year-old children. Negative associations were found between frequency of tooth brushing and preventive dental utilization with dmft and DMFT indices. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) index had negative and Consumer Price Index (CPI) had positive associations with dmft and DMFT indices in both age groups. However, positive relationships were observed between Gini index with DMFT index among 12-year-old children; as well as between the number of dentists per capita with dmft index among 6-year-old children. Conclusion Socio-demographic and behavioral factors were found to be associated with dental caries experience. However, economic indicators had the greatest importance.

scholarly journals ‘Active ageing’: a qualitative study in six Caribbean countries

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICK CLOOS ◽  
CAROLINE F. ALLEN ◽  
BEATRIZ E. ALVARADO ◽  
MARIA VICTORIA ZUNZUNEGUI ◽  
DONALD T. SIMEON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Home Care Services ◽  
Active Ageing ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to document the perceptions of elders in six Caribbean countries about ‘active ageing’ and on the basis of their reports to make recommendations to improve their situation. Data were collected principally through 31 focus group discussions conducted in both urban and rural areas. Comparative analysis was carried out of the qualitative information, focusing on three components of ‘active ageing’: health and social services access and use, social support, and economic circumstances. Most of the participants were women, aged 60–79 years, of lower socio-economic status and from urban areas. Large disparities in the responses of Caribbean societies to population ageing were indicated, as well as unequal opportunities to obtain health care and social services, public transport, income and food by both socio-economic status and location. Home-care services are either insufficient or non-existent. Some elders receive social and financial support from relatives while others fear isolation and face deprivation. Social participation varies by place, physical condition, financial situation, association membership, and transport opportunities. Social protection benefits do not provide adequate income and some older people face food insecurity. It was concluded that a comprehensive and multi-sectoral approach using the ‘active ageing’ framework should be implemented to ensure a healthy ageing process.

scholarly journals Relationship between Socio Economic Status and Academic Achievement

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. M. S. Raju
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
School Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Remarkable Change ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

<div><p><em>The present study aimed at the relationship between the socio-Economic Status and Academic Achievement among secondary school students of Prakasam District of Andhra Pradesh, India. A number of investigations conducted so far in the field of Socio Economic Status (SES) indicated a significant relation between achievement and SES.  After independence the SES of secondary school students in both urban and rural areas have registered a remarkable change.  On account of phenomenal advancement in science and technology the conditions of the people have changed a lot.</em></p><p><em>The data were collected from 200 secondary school students by using the tools socio-economic status tool measures the dimensions of educational, economic, social, cultural and occupational determinants.  The academic achievement tool consists of the test items of mathematics, general science and social studies.  Later the data were analyzed with the statistical procedures like mean, standard deviations, critical ratios, Chi-square test and r-values.  The results were discussed according to the significant values.  Based on the results certain conclusions were drawn. Over all observation of the study some educational implications were given.</em></p></div>

scholarly journals Depression and socio-economic risk factors: 7-year longitudinal population study

2007 ◽  
Vol 190 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Lorant ◽  
Christophe Croux ◽  
Scott Weich ◽  
Denise Deliège ◽  
Johan Mackenbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Material Standard Of Living ◽  
Socio Economic Factors ◽  
Material Standard

BackgroundLow socio-economic status is associated with a higher prevalence of depression, but it is not yet known whether change in socio-economic status leads to a change in rates of depression.AimsTo assess whether longitudinal change in socio-economic factors affects change of depression level.MethodIn a prospective cohort study using the annual Belgian Household Panel Survey (1992–1999), depression was assessed using the Global Depression Scale. Socio-economic factors were assessed with regard to material standard of living, education, employment status and social relationships.ResultsA lowering in material standard of living between annual waves was associated with increases in depressive symptoms and caseness of major depression. Life circumstances also influenced depression. Ceasing to cohabit with a partner increased depressive symptoms and caseness, and improvement in circumstances reduced them; the negative effects were stronger than the positive ones.ConclusionsThe study showed a clear relationship between worsening socio-economic circumstances and depression.

scholarly journals How Are Community Socio-Economic Factors Associated with the Sales of Unhealthy Products: Alcohol, Tobacco and Unhealthy Snack Food in Low Income Communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 294-294
Author(s):  
Lauren Wallace ◽  
Elizabeth Racine ◽  
Rajib Paul ◽  
Shafie Gholizadeh ◽  
Caitlan Webster
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Snack Food ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Unhealthy Snacks ◽  
Unhealthy Snack ◽  
Socio Economic Factors ◽  
Alcohol Sales

Abstract Objectives People under stress tend to use unhealthy coping mechanisms including using products like alcohol, tobacco and unhealthy snacks. The purpose of this study is to assess how measures of community socio-economic status, which may be proxies for community stress, are associated with the sales of unhealthy products (alcohol, tobacco, and unhealthy snacks) at a discount variety store chain. Specifically, we consider the following measures of community socio-economic status: population racial/ethnic composition, % of households on SNAP, % of households without a vehicle, walkability score and median community income. Methods Mixed effects linear regressions with random effects were used to examine the relationship between the weekly unit sales (per 1000 population) of three outcome variables (tobacco, alcohol, unhealthy snacks) and community socio-economic factors: % of households on SNAP, % of households without a vehicle, and median community income. Results The sales of alcohol, tobacco, and unhealthy snacks increased as the % of the population participating in SNAP increased. Other measures of community socio-economic status were not significantly (at 5% significance level) associated with tobacco or unhealthy snack sales. However, for alcohol sales, increases in: the median household income, walkability score and % of African American residents, were associated with a decrease in alcohol sales. Conclusions Low income neighborhoods frequently experience greater health burden compared to higher income neighborhoods. Understanding and quantifying the relationship between financial stress and unhealthy product consumption can help public health professionals intervene before chronic diseases manifest. Funding Sources Robert Woods Johnson Foundation.

scholarly journals Measuring Impact of Education and Socio-economic Factors on Health for Pakistan.

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (4II) ◽  
pp. 653-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahid Asghar ◽  
Nazia Attique ◽  
Amena Urooj
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Social Economic Status ◽  
Gender Culture ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Keywords Education ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Education affects health not because of the knowledge and practices one can learn at school, but rather it shapes individuals life and can alter the characteristics of an individual to be healthier. Measurement of health is an abstract concept and health itself is affected by a number of factors. This study aims at exploring whether there is any relation in education, gender, and health for Pakistan. Exploratory data analysis and ordinal logistic regression are used here to assess relationship between health, education and other socio-economic factors. It is evident that individuals with higher education level tend to have better health status than a person with lower levels of education. There is also evidence of gender being an important determinant of health in Pakistan. The variation in health status of individuals is studied with reference to gender, culture, occupations, and social economic status. This study provides a useful piece of information for the policy-makers in health and education sectors. The data used in this study was collected by Pakistan and Medical Research Council under National Health Survey of Pakistan [NHSP (1990-1994)]. JEL classification: L00, L20, C21 Keywords: Education, Self-reported Health, Ordered Logit, Health Conditions, Pseudo R2

Socio-Economic Factors Associated with Intestinal Parasites Among Children Living in Gombak, Malaysia

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeswari B ◽  
Sinniah B ◽  
Hasnah Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Immigrant Workers ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Common Parasite ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Fecal specimens collected from 456 school children in Gombak, Malaysia, revealed an overall prevalence rate of 62.9%. The most common parasite found was Trichuris trichiura(47.1%) followed by Giardia intestinalis(14.7%), Entamoeba coli(11.4%), Entamoeba histolytica(9.9%) and Ascaris lumbricoides(7.9%). Infection rates were high among the Indonesian immigrant workers' children (90%) followed by the Orang Asli(79.5%), Malay (59.4%) and Indians (36.4%). Females (66.3%) had a higher prevalence rate than the males (58.5%). The prevalence of infection was found to be associated with the socio-economic status, water supply, sanitary disposal of feces and family size. Albendazole administered as a single dose (400 mg) was found to be effective against Ascaris (100%) and hookworm (92.3%) but was not effective against Trichuris(39.2%).

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