Micronutrient deficiency status among women of desert areas of western Rajasthan, India

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 624-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhu B Singh ◽  
Ranjana Fotedar ◽  
J Lakshminarayana
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
National Level ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiency ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Lactating Women

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the magnitude of three micronutrient deficiency disorders (iron, vitamin A and iodine), nutritional deficiencies and their association with related factors.Material and MethodsUsing the three-stage sampling technique, a study was conducted in twenty-eight villages of Jodhpur district. A total of 1193 women, 384 pregnant, 400 lactating and 409 non-pregnant non-lactating controls (15 years and above, women who have not attained their family status) were examined for three micronutrient deficiency disorders, nutritional deficiencies, dietary and associated factors.ResultsMajority of the women were anaemic. Anaemia was higher among pregnant and lactating women (80·7 %). Severe anaemia was three-fold higher among pregnant and lactating women in comparison to controls (4·1 %). Vitamin A deficiency was observed to be higher among pregnant women (8·8 %). A high proportion of women (80·8 %) consumed salt, having inadequate iodine content. Median urinary iodine values were less in pregnant and lactating women than the WHO cut-off points. Consumption of pulses and legumes was low besides leafy vegetables. Average intake of nutrients showed deficiency of protein and energy, iron and folic acid and vitamin A deficiency. Anaemia and iodine deficiency disorder were found to be inversely proportional to education and income.ConclusionsThe proportion of anaemia in this study was higher in comparison to national-level studies besides the low consumption of normal iodised salt. Only 19 % of salt samples had adequate iodine content, which calls for caution. In addition to iodisation of salt, the study suggests the development of nutritional packages utilising local dietary aspects.

scholarly journals Severe Vitamin a Deficiency After Biliopancreatic Diversion (P12-051-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Lemieux ◽  
Vijaya Surampudi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Injection Site ◽  
Biliopancreatic Diversion ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Injection Site Reaction ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Night Vision ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies

Abstract Objectives Introduction: Biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) is a surgical procedure that causes weight loss via volume restriction and malabsorption. It is now rarely performed due to the risk of severe nutritional deficiencies including Vitamin A (1). Methods Case Description: A 68-year-old female status-post BPD in 1987 was referred for vitamin A deficiency. She initially had diminished night vision that progressed to left eye blindness by the time of her diagnosis in 2013. She was treated with oral vitamin A 100,000 IU daily; however, levels did not normalize, and her retinopathy progressed. She was later treated with intramuscular vitamin A and developed injection site rashes (Figure 1) thought to be due to an injection site reaction versus type IV hypersensitivity. Over time her vitamin A levels improved but her vision did not. Results Vitamin A deficiency is a preventable complication of BPD and can lead to permanent vision loss. A study of 376 BPD patients found that 1 year after surgery vitamin A levels were low in 52% and 4 years this increased to 69% despite supplementation compliance (2). Vitamin A injection site rashes have been reported in one case series of 3 patients (3), and skin testing revealed sensitivity to polysorbate 80. This is an emulsifier found in injectable vitamin A palmitate, other parental medications and some vaccines (3). Conclusions Vitamin screening is important in post-bariatric surgery patients. Rash following intramuscular vitamin A is uncommon and should be closely monitored for progressive allergic reaction and potential for reactions to other medications that contain similar components. Funding Sources None. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Isolated and combined prevalence of anemia, vitamin A deficiency and zinc deficiency in preschool children 12-72 months for the government of Paraíba

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dixis Figueroa Pedraza ◽  
Márcia Cristina Sales
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
School Children ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the isolated and combined prevalence of anemia, vitamin A deficiency and zinc deficiency in pre-school children, as well as the distribution of isolated deficiencies according to gender, age and prior supplementation with vitamin A. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with pre-school children in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. Analysis of the average concentrations of hemoglobin, serum retinol and serum zinc, according to gender, age and previous vitamin A supplementation of children were carried out as well as the risk of simultaneous occurrence of micronutrient deficiencies in the presence of these deficiencies. RESULTS: The prevalence of anemia, vitamin A deficiency and zinc deficiency were 15.4%, 23.3% and 13.8%, respectively. The anemia was significantly associated with age (p<0.01). Children previously supplemented by vitamin A had higher serum retinol concentrations than children without supplements, an effect that was not observed for concentrations of hemoglobin or serum zinc. The prevalence of anemia associated with vitamin A deficiency was 5.8%, with the chance of vitamin A deficiency and anemia coexist 2.21 times (95%CI=1.03-4.84) higher in the case of vitamin A deficiency or anemia rather than in the absence of these conditions. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies which are important in child growth, as well as the coexistence of nutritional deficiencies, point out the need to strengthen nutrition intervention strategies that consider this issue.

scholarly journals Vitamin A as an anti-inflammatory agent

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Reifen
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Inflammatory Agent ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Normal Differentiation

Vitamin A is necessary for normal differentiation of epithelial tissues, the visual process and reproduction, and is vital for the optimal maintenance and functioning of the innate and adaptive immune system. Vitamin A deficiency is one of the most profuse nutritional deficiencies worldwide. It is associated with increased susceptibility to infectious diseases in both man and animal models. Vitamin A also has a role as an anti-inflammatory agent. Supplementation with vitamin A has been found to be beneficial in a number of inflammatory conditions, including skin disorders such as acne vulgaris, broncho-pulmonary dysplasia and some forms of precancerous and cancer states. The present review suggests that vitamin A deficiency induces inflammation and aggravates existing inflammatory states. Supplementation with vitamin A in selected cases could ameliorate inflammation. The two main mechanisms which appear to be involved in the prevention of disease are the effects of vitamin A on the immune system and the effect on epithelial integrity.

scholarly journals Community Assessment of Availability, Consumption, and Cultural Acceptability of Food Sources of (PRO)Vitamin A: Toward the Development of a Dietary Intervention among Preschool Children in Rural Burkina Faso

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance P. Nana ◽  
Inge D. Brouwer ◽  
Noel-Marie Zagré ◽  
Frans J. Kok ◽  
Alfred S. Traoré
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables

Background Vitamin A deficiency remains a public health problem in Burkina Faso and elsewhere in the developing world. Dietary diversification is a promising strategy that needs to be explored to strengthen the country's ongoing supplementation program. Objective The purpose of this study was to identify locally available and acceptable (pro)vitamin A–rich foods to be included in a dietary intervention addressing vitamin A deficiency in children aged six months to three years. Methods A food ethnographic study combining recall methods, observation, and focused group discussion was conducted in the dry and rainy seasons. Thirty-five mother–child pairs were randomly selected and included in the study. Results The dietary pattern of children was characterized by low diversity with extremely low energy and vitamin A intake in both seasons. The study identified the availability of numerous (pro)vitamin A–rich foods, but these foods are either not consumed or consumed by few in low amounts and/or in low frequencies. The main constraining factors identified are related to financial accessibility (for liver), seasonal availability (for egg, milk, mango, papaya, and green leafy vegetables), and beliefs related to consumption and preparation (for green leafy vegetables). However, the study also revealed that the study population associated all identified (pro)vitamin A–rich foods with positive attributes such as health, strength, and vitamin richness, which might offer an entry point for designing and implementing dietary interventions. Conclusions Based on the findings of this formative research, intervention strategies with mango and liver are proposed to improve the vitamin A intake and status of children in the rural areas of Burkina Faso.

scholarly journals Application and significance of fortification in prevention of micronutrient deficiency-induced diseases

2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (Suppl. 2) ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
Konstansa Lazarevic ◽  
Maja Nikolic ◽  
Vladimir Mitrovic
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
National Level ◽  
Population Group ◽  
The United States ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Food Fortification ◽  
Specific Population ◽  
Serbia And Montenegro ◽  
Number Of Children

Fortification is defined as adding of one or more essential elements to food article, regardless of whether it has been already added to food or not, in order to prevent or correct deficiency of one or more nutrients in the general population or specific population group. Food fortification with minerals and vitamins helps eliminate diseases such as goiter, rickets, beriberi, and pellagra. Significant results have been also achieved in prevention of anemia and vitamin A deficiency. The aforementioned deficiencies can be prevented and eliminated by means of appropriate and diverse nutrition and supplementation of deficient micronutrients, but on the national level, food fortification is the best solution. Two basic conditions for the application of fortification are the following: that the food article is in wide use and that it is cheap (available). The purpose of our paper was to show the results achieved by means of fortification in various countries in order to build up the basis for similar propositions in our country (Serbia and Montenegro). Owing to fortification in Asia, the number of cretinism cases has been reduced by half while sugar fortification significantly reduced the number of children with vitamin A deficiency. For more than 50 years, flour fortification with iron in order to prevent its deficiency and anemia, has been successfully applied in the United States and Canada, and as of recently in some countries of Africa and South America. The analysis of the results leads to the conclusion that food fortification has had beneficial health effects in the communities where it has been applied.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the uptake of pulse vitamin A supplementation among children in a rural area in India: a cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Vinod K. Ramani ◽  
Anand Lakshman
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Factors Influencing

Background: The change in strategy of India’s National Program for the prevention and control of nutritional blindness due to Vitamin A deficiency during 2006, aims for all children aged 9 months to 5 years to receive biannual pulse dose of Vitamin A with a total nine mega doses of Vitamin A. Micronutrient initiative (MI) was providing technical assistance to the State Health department of Karnataka in implementing the new bi-annual strategy, in partnership with UNICEF during the period 2006 to 2010.Methods: During July 2006, the Investigator evaluated its coverage in Gulbarga district. This study assessed the factors influencing the uptake of pulse Vitamin A supplementation (VAS) among children from impoverished background. Using oral questionnaires, a total of 30 Parents (Mothers) of these children, 12 childcare workers (AWWs), 12 peripheral health workers (ANMs) were interviewed regarding barriers towards implementing this Program and assessment of the facilities (12 Anganwadi centres) were conducted.Results: Only 28% of the facility had some IEC display regarding VAS. 75% of ANMs were aware that either green leafy vegetables or fish or fruits are the main source of micronutrients. A similar number of ANMs knew that Vitamin A deficiency causes night blindness, >90% of AWW had informed parents about the program during the monthly mother meetings. <20% of parents were aware of the current pulse VAS program and a similar number were aware of the next round of supplementation.Conclusions: Regular interaction with families, monitoring the activities of field level health workers and supportive supervision will enable uptake of VAS Program. Future action should prioritize sub-district level units – blocks and villages, with higher concentration of poor households.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Iodine Insufficiency Is High Among Pregnant and Lactating Women in Northern Bangladesh Three Decades After Initiating Mandatory Salt Iodization

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1037-1037
Author(s):  
Abu abdullah Mohammad Hanif ◽  
Md Mokbul Hossain ◽  
Mehedi Hasan ◽  
Abu Ahmed Shamim ◽  
Malay Kanti Mridha
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
Salt Iodine

Abstract Objectives Optimum Iodine status during pregnancy and lactation is crucial for normal fetal growth and child development. We assessed the urinary iodine concentration of pregnant and lactating women to determine their iodine status and measured salt iodine from their households. Methods We collected spot urine samples and corresponding household salt samples from 80 pregnant women (37 and 43 second and third-trimester women, respectively) and 49 lactating women (with children &lt;6 months). Urinary iodine was determined by manual digestion with ammonium persulfate followed by Sandell-Kolthoff Reaction using 96 multi-well plates and a micro-plate reader at 405 nm. The iodine content in salt was measured by iodometric titration method. Samples were analyzed at the icddr, b Immunology, Nutrition, and Toxicology Laboratory, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Results The median [IQR] UIC in the second-trimester women, third-trimester women, and lactating women was 90.6[41.9–171.5] mcg/L, 67.9[24.2–144.5] mcg/L, and 74.7[48.1–134.8] mcg/L, respectively. More than three-quarters of pregnant women (73% of the second-trimester women and 79% of the third-trimester women) and more than half of the lactating mothers (57%) were below the WHO recommended cut-offs. Only 42% of the household salts were adequately iodized. A moderate positive linear relationship was found between urinary and household salt iodine content (r = 0.51, P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusions Even with mandatory salt iodization policy in Bangladesh for about three decades, the iodine insufficiency among pregnant and lactating women is widespread and needs to be improved through ensuring the availability of adequately iodized salt or supplement. Funding Sources ETH Zurich, Switzerland.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Vitamin A deficiency among school going children of Jasra block of Allahabad, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Author(s):  
Kumari Richa ◽  
Gupta Alka ◽  
Prasad Ranu ◽  
Tripathi Jaya
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Fish Liver ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Fortified Food ◽  
Bitot’S Spot ◽  
Regular Intake

The present study was conducted to find out the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency(VAD) among school going children of district Allahabad in year 2015 to assess the nutritional status of selected school going children (aged 6-12 years). The six months study was based on school going children in four selected village in Jasra block of Allahabad district.A structured Performa was used to collect the information. Out of the 105 children examined, 2 (1.90%) had clinical signs of night blindness. The overall prevalence of VAD was found to be 10.47%. Most of them exhibited dull and lusterless appearance of conjunctiva, non-had bitot’s spot, any corneal xerosis, corneal scare and keratomalacia. The prevalence of VAD was higher in girls rather than in boys. To overcome this problem of VAD persisting in community, nutrition education regarding regular intake of plant food rich in carotene such as green leafy vegetables, yellow fruits, carrots and animal foods containing retinol like fish liver oil, fortified food like vana- spati, margarine should be strengthened.

scholarly journals Vitamin A-fortified cooking oil reduces vitamin A deficiency in infants, young children and women: results from a programme evaluation in Indonesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 2511-2522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandjaja ◽  
Idrus Jus’at ◽  
Abas B Jahari ◽  
Ifrad ◽  
Min Kyaw Htet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Poor Households

AbstractObjectiveTo assess oil consumption, vitamin A intake and retinol status before and a year after the fortification of unbranded palm oil with retinyl palmitate.DesignPre–post evaluation between two surveys.SettingTwenty-four villages in West Java.SubjectsPoor households were randomly sampled. Serum retinol (adjusted for subclinical infection) was analysed in cross-sectional samples of lactating mothers (baselinen324/endlinen349), their infants aged 6–11 months (n318/n335) and children aged 12–59 months (n469/477), and cohorts of children aged 5–9 years (n186) and women aged 15–29 years (n171), alongside food and oil consumption from dietary recall.ResultsFortified oil improved vitamin A intakes, contributing on average 26 %, 40 %, 38 %, 29 % and 35 % of the daily Recommended Nutrient Intake for children aged 12–23 months, 24–59 months, 5–9 years, lactating and non-lactating women, respectively. Serum retinol was 2–19 % higher at endline than baseline (P<0·001 in infants aged 6–11 months, children aged 5–9 years, lactating and non-lactating women; non-significant in children aged 12–23 months;P=0·057 in children aged 24–59 months). Retinol in breast milk averaged 20·5 μg/dl at baseline and 32·5 μg/dl at endline (P<0·01). Deficiency prevalence (serum retinol <20 μg/dl) was 6·5–18 % across groups at baseline, and 0·6–6 % at endline (P≤0·011). In multivariate regressions adjusting for socio-economic differences, vitamin A intake from fortified oil predicted improved retinol status for children aged 6–59 months (P=0·003) and 5–9 years (P=0·03).ConclusionsAlthough this evaluation without a comparison group cannot prove causality, retinyl contents in oil, Recommended Nutrient Intake contributions and relationships between vitamin intake and serum retinol provide strong plausibility of oil fortification impacting vitamin A status in Indonesian women and children.

The Ethiopia applied nutrition project

1976 ◽  
Vol 194 (1114) ◽  
pp. 23-48 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity

The British projects conducted in Ethiopia under the auspices of the I. B. P. have collected a vast amount of information concerning the peoples in Begemedir province, a highland area. This background served well as baseline data to establish the value of an applied nutrition project covering a broad range of activities. In the project township, Debarek, a polyclinic was introduced. Special attention was given to nutrition education for the under-fives by using several approaches. Other activities included nutrition education in the school and polyclinic, investigations into treatment of goitre and vitamin A deficiency, market garden schemes and improvements in poultry keeping. The only input in the control town Adi Arkai was a polyclinic set up by the Ethiopian Ministry of Health. Information about Debarek (the target community) and Adi Arkai (control) was also obtained from government statistics and surveys carried out by the Gondar Public Health College in 1968. The Project carried out censuses in 1970 and again in 1972. The evidence collected in the two communities over this period, while insufficient to establish any long-term trend, showed clearly a similar population structure. The most marked characteristics were the imbalance in the sex-ratio (67 males per 100 females Debarek, 86/100 in Adi Arkai) which reflected mobility, and the employment of about 80 % of the labour force in the tertiary or service sector, which reflected the economic function of the towns. On the other hand, religious groupings appeared to be remarkably stable and were an important aspect of the pattern of authority in the community. The monitoring of births and deaths during the Project gave accurate data for the first time. Crude birth rates in Debarek and Adi Arkai were 42 and 50 per thousand, crude death rates 19 and 35 per thousand, and infant mortality rates 229 and 198 per thousand live births respectively. A number of indicators of nutritional status were employed. Within a stratified sample of families three-day individual food intakes were measured on six occasions during 1969 and again at the conclusion of the Project in 1972. Energy intakes were consistently low, being about 70 % of the 1973 F. A. O./W. H. O. recommendations. Measurements made on these families, and on schoolchildren, of height, mass, skinfold thickness and arm circumference demonstrated that the people are small and underweight, with very little body fat. Clinical examinations revealed few overt signs of nutritional deficiencies, except for vitamin A and goitre. Evaluation was achieved by comparing anthropometric, mortality, and morbidity data from the Project and control towns. The most significant changes observed in the Project town were a 38 % reduction in the infant mortality rate, an improvement in the mass for age data for under-fives, and a reduction in the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency and goitre. Assessment of nutritional knowledge, its application, and effectiveness was attempted on selected groups. The achievements and failures of applied nutrition programmes are discussed in relation to the underlying economic basis of malnutrition, i.e. poverty.

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