Validation of an FFQ to assess dietary protein intake in type 2 diabetic subjects attending primary health-care services in Mali

AbstractObjectiveTo validate a 53-item quantitative FFQ (QFFQ) for the assessment of dietary protein intake in type 2 diabetic outpatients in Bamako, Mali.DesignConsumption of protein-containing foods over the week preceding the interview was measured with a 7d QFFQ and compared with intakes measured with 48-h recalls.SettingCentre National de Lutte contre le Diabète.SubjectsSeventeen male and forty female adults with type 2 diabetes.ResultsCorrelation between protein intakes estimated using the QFFQ and 48h recalls was 0·63 (P< 0·0001). There was no significant difference between the two methods concerning the total protein daily intakes and intakes per kilogram of body weight. The QFFQ indicated that foods of animal origin were a lesser source of protein. Animal protein intake did not differ between men and women but sources did. In men, the main sources were beef (54 % of total animal protein), fish (15 %) and milk powder (8 %). In women, the principal sources were fish (28 %), beef (20 %) and birds (13 %). In contrast, plant protein intake was significantly higher in men than in women (P= 0·01), but the same plant foods contributed in similar proportions for both genders, rice being by far the greatest source (47 % of plant protein in men, 53 % in women).ConclusionThe QFFQ developed in this study is a valid tool to evaluate dietary protein intakes in Malian diabetic subjects. While the total protein intakes were low in both men and women, differences in choices and amounts of protein food sources were shown.

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Abstract MP55: Protein Intake is Associated With Lower Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in the Framingham Offspring Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.141.suppl_1.mp55 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Richard T Pickering ◽

Mengjie Yuan ◽

Martha R Singer ◽

Laura Lara Castor ◽

Lynn L Moore

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Animal Protein ◽

Plant Protein ◽

Men And Women ◽

Beneficial Effects

Introduction: Diet and exercise are key prevention strategies for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Few longitudinal studies have examined separate effects of animal and plant proteins on T2DM risk and results are conflicting. The goal of this study was to evaluate the association between usual intake of dietary protein (total, animal, and plant) and T2DM risk. Methods: Data from middle-aged men and women in the longitudinal Framingham Offspring Study (FOS) with approximately 20 years of follow-up were used. Diet was assessed using three-day diet records (exams 3 and 5); protein intake was adjusted for body weight using the residuals from a linear regression model. Glucose was measured after an overnight fast; impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was defined as a FG >100; diabetes was diagnosed using a standardized and validated FOS protocol. To estimate the hazards ratios) (HR) for IFG or T2DM, Cox proportional hazards models were used to adjust for confounding by age, sex, education level, physical activity, cigarette smoking, height, energy intake, and weight-adjusted carbohydrate intake. Results: Subjects with the highest total protein intakes (≥100 g, men, ≥90 g women) had 34% reduced risks of IFG/T2DM (HR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.85). In this cohort, intakes of animal protein were more than double those of plant protein. The highest intakes of animal protein (≥65 g, men; ≥55 g, women) vs. lower intakes (<55 g, men; <40 g, women) were linked with 33% reduced risks of IFG/T2DM (95% CI: 0.55, 0.82) while intermediate levels of intake were linked with 29% lower risks. In contrast, moderate and higher intakes of plant protein (20-25 g and ≥25 g vs. <20 g) led to non-statistically significant 6-12% risk reductions. Beneficial effects of total protein were stronger for women (HR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.80) than for men (HR: 0.80; 95% CI 0.57, 1.13). In secondary analyses, we evaluated effect modification by other dietary and lifestyle factors. In particular, both men and women with higher intakes of protein and higher levels of physical activity had statistically significant reductions in long-term risk of IFG/T2DM (31%, 39%, and 22% risk reductions among active adults with higher intakes of total, animal, and plant protein, respectively) compared with more sedentary adults who had lower intakes of protein. In contrast, higher physical activity levels alone (among those with lower protein intakes) were associated with non-statistically significant 13-14% lower risks of IFG/T2DM. Conclusions: This prospective study of middle-aged men and women provides important evidence to suggest that dietary protein when combined with an active lifestyle, may be a strategy for lowering long-term risk of diabetes. In this study, animal protein had stronger beneficial effects, but future studies are needed in population groups with higher intakes of plant protein to determine whether these effects would be comparable.

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Associations between plant and animal protein intake and anthropometric indices among school-aged girls in Kabul Afghanistan

10.22541/au.163250807.78578814/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fawzia Zahidi ◽

Mohammad Ashraf Farahmand ◽

Mursal Basiry ◽

Madiha Khalid ◽

Pamela Surkan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Girls ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Animal Protein ◽

Plant Protein ◽

Plant Proteins ◽

Dietary Protein Intake ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Anthropometric Indices

Background: Adolescent girls in Afghanistan have high levels of food insecurity, yet little is known about their dietary intakes. Therefore, we aimed to study the association between dietary protein intake and anthropometric indices among adolescent girls in Kabul, Afghanistan. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 380 adolescent girls at 16 government schools from eight randomly sampled zones in Kabul. In July 2019, we assessed dietary intake, body mass index (BMI), physical activity and socio-demographic variables. Binary logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations between different protein sources (plant protein, animal protein and total protein) and stunting, wasting, overweight and obesity. Results: Participant mean age was 14.8±2 years and mean BMI was 19.8±3.6kg/m2. The mean intakes of carbohydrates from plant proteins, animal proteins and total proteins were approximately 59.4±19.6gr/day, 22.3±7.3gr/day and 81.8±27.1gr/day, respectively. Students with more highly educated fathers consumed more plant proteins (P<0.05). Participants had overall high dietary plant protein intake (mean 34.8±22.0g/day), with 66% from grains, cereals and flour. We did not find an association between dietary protein intake and stunting (OR=0.92; CI: 0.55-1.54), wasting (OR= 0.98; CI: 0.55-1.78), overweight (OR=1.18; CI: 0.62-2.25) or obesity (OR=0.84; CI: 0.19-3.58). Conclusion: While prior research suggests that dietary protein intake is associated with improved nutritional and anthropometric indices, dietary protein intake in this study was not associated with stunting, wasting, overweight and obesity. Further investigation is needed on this topic.

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Dietary Protein Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in US Men and Women

American Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/aje/kwv268 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 183 (8) ◽

pp. 715-728 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

Vasanti S. Malik ◽

Yanping Li ◽

Deirdre K. Tobias ◽

An Pan ◽

Frank B. Hu

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Dietary Protein Intake ◽

Men And Women

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Abstract P089: Total, Plant and Animal Protein Intake and Blood Pressure: A Meta-analysis of Observational and Intervention Studies

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.127.suppl_12.ap089 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽

Author(s):

Susanne M Tielemans ◽

Wieke Altorf - van der Kuil ◽

Mariëlle F Engberink ◽

Elizabeth J Brink ◽

Marleen A van Baak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Prospective Studies ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Total Protein ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Animal Protein ◽

Plant Protein ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Studies

Background: Dietary protein may beneficially influence blood pressure (BP), but evidence is not conclusive. Objective: To quantify the association of total protein, plant protein, and animal protein intake with BP and incident hypertension by means of meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic literature search for eligible studies was conducted until January 2012, using MEDLINE and manual search. Of >3,000 titles evaluated, 29 met the inclusion criteria. Dose-response meta-analyses were performed using STATA 11.0. We included 8 cross-sectional studies (total of 48,985 participants), 4 prospective studies (11,761 participants), and 17 randomized controlled trials (1,449 subjects). Results: Total protein intake was significantly inversely associated with systolic BP ([[Unable to Display Character: ‑]]0.20 mmHg per SD, 95%-CI: [[Unable to Display Character: ‑]]0.39 to [[Unable to Display Character: ‑]]0.01) in cross-sectional studies, but no relation was found with incident hypertension in prospective studies (HR of 0.99 per SD, 95%-CI: 0.96 to 1.02). Trials showed an overall reduction of [[Unable to Display Character: ‑]]2.1 mmHg in systolic BP (95%-CI:[[Unable to Display Character: ‑]]2.9 to [[Unable to Display Character: ‑]]1.4) for a weighed difference in protein intake of 41 g/d, compared to carbohydrates. Plant protein, but not animal protein, was weakly inversely associated with BP in cross-sectional studies. Plant protein and animal protein showed similar associations in prospective studies (non-significant HR of 0.96 and 0.98 per SD, respectively) and randomized trials (-2.0 vs -2.2 mmHg, P<0.05, respectively). Conclusion: Dietary protein may have a beneficial effect on BP if consumed instead of carbohydrates. No clear difference was observed between plant and animal protein, but data on protein from different sources and BP is scarce and more research is needed to draw conclusions.

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Effect of 10% dietary protein intake on whole body protein kinetics in type 2 diabetic adults

Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1016/j.clnu.2014.12.022 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 1115-1121 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Cherise C. Labonte ◽

Stéphanie Chevalier ◽

Errol B. Marliss ◽

José A. Morais ◽

Réjeanne Gougeon

Keyword(s):

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Whole Body ◽

Dietary Protein Intake ◽

Protein Kinetics ◽

Body Protein ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Dietary protein intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study and a meta-analysis of prospective studies.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.726740450.793525145 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Mikael Fogelholm

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Studies ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Dietary Protein Intake ◽

Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study

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Dietary Intake, Nutritional Adequacy, and Food Sources of Protein and Relationships with Personal and Family Factors in Spanish Children Aged One to < 10 Years: Findings of the EsNuPI Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13041062 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1062

Author(s):

Casandra Madrigal ◽

María José Soto-Méndez ◽

Ángela Hernández-Ruiz ◽

Teresa Valero ◽

Federico Lara Villoslada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Protein ◽

Total Protein ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Meat Products ◽

Food Sources ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Total Protein Intake ◽

Fish And Shellfish ◽

Milk And Dairy Products

Diet in the first years of life is an important factor in growth and development. Dietary protein is a critical macronutrient that provides both essential and nonessential amino acids required for sustaining all body functions and procedures, providing the structural basis to maintain life and healthy development and growth in children. In this study, our aim was to describe the total protein intake, type and food sources of protein, the adequacy to the Population Reference Intake (PRI) for protein by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), and the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) by the Institute of Medicine (IoM). Furthermore, we analyzed whether the consumption of dairy products (including regular milk, dairy products, or adapted milk formulas) is associated with nutrient adequacy and the contribution of protein to diet and whole dietary profile in the two cohorts of the EsNuPI (in English, Nutritional Study in the Spanish Pediatric Population) study; one cohort was representative of the Spanish population from one to < 10 years old (n = 707) (Spanish reference cohort, SRS) who reported consuming all kinds of milk and one was a cohort of the same age who reported consuming adapted milk over the last year (including follow-on formula, growing up milk, toddler’s milk, and enriched and fortified milks) (n = 741) (adapted milk consumers cohort, AMS). The children of both cohorts had a high contribution from protein to total energy intake (16.79% SRS and 15.63% AMS) and a high total protein intake (60.89 g/day SRS and 53.43 g/day AMS). We observed that protein intake in Spanish children aged one to < 10 years old was above the European and international recommendations, as well as the recommended percentages for energy intakes. The main protein sources were milk and dairy products (28% SRS and 29% AMS) and meat and meat products (27% SRS and 26% AMS), followed by cereals (16% SRS and 15% AMS), fish and shellfish (8% in both cohorts), eggs (5% SRS and 6% AMS), and legumes (4% in both cohorts). In our study population, protein intake was mainly from an animal origin (meat and meat products, milk and dairy products, fish and shellfish, and eggs) rather than from a plant origin (cereals and legumes). Future studies should investigate the long-term effect of dietary protein in early childhood on growth and body composition, and whether high protein intake affects health later in life.

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Abstract P040: Animal and Vegetable Protein Intake and Coronary Artery Calcium - The Kangbuk Samsung Health Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.131.suppl_1.p040 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Yuni Choi ◽

Seungho Ryu ◽

Yoosoo Chang ◽

Jung Eun Lee ◽

Eunju Sung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Coronary Artery Calcium ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽

Vegetable Protein ◽

Animal Protein ◽

Dietary Protein Intake

Introduction: Few studies have evaluated the association between type and amount of dietary protein intake and clinically evident cardiovascular disease, with inconsistent findings, and no study has investigated the association between type and amount of dietary protein intake and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. Hypothesis: We examined the associations of total, animal, and vegetable protein intakes with coronary artery calcium (CAC) in a large population of asymptomatic adults. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 29,034 asymptomatic young and middle-aged adults (mean age 41.6 years; males 80.3%) who are free of clinically evident cancer or cardiovascular disease. All participants underwent a health screening examination including cardiac computed tomography for CAC scoring and completed a food frequency questionnaire at the Kangbuk Samsung Hospital Total Healthcare Centers in Seoul and Suwon, South Korea from March, 2011 to April, 2013. Protein intake and other nutrient intake were adjusted for total energy intake using the residual method. Multivariable-adjusted CAC score ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by robust Tobit regression models for natural logarithm (CAC score + 1). Results: The proportion of study participants with detectable CAC (CAC score > 0) was 13.4 %. After adjustment for total energy intake, other nutrient intake, and potential confounding factors, we found an increased prevalence of CAC with higher animal protein intake, but not with total and vegetable protein intakes. In multivariable-adjusted models, CAC ratios (95% CIs) comparing the highest with the lowest quintiles were 1.82 (1.09-3.04; P for trend = 0.01) for animal protein intake, 1.25 (0.87-1.81; P for trend = 0.13) for vegetable protein intake, and 1.19 (0.74-1.93; P for trend = 0.59) for total protein intake. Conclusion: High animal protein intake, but not total or vegetable protein, was associated with an increased prevalence of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis and with a greater degree of coronary calcification.

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Plant-Protein Diversity Is Critical to Ensuring the Nutritional Adequacy of Diets When Replacing Animal With Plant Protein: Observed and Modeled Diets of French Adults (INCA3)

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/nxz252 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marion Salomé ◽

Erwan de Gavelle ◽

Ariane Dufour ◽

Carine Dubuisson ◽

Jean-Luc Volatier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Intake ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Animal Protein ◽

Plant Protein ◽

Animal Origin ◽

National Study ◽

Higher Plant ◽

Protein Diversity ◽

Nutrient Adequacy ◽

Plant Protein Sources

ABSTRACT Background There is a current trend in Western countries toward increasing the intake of plant protein. A higher plant-protein intake has been associated with nutritional and health benefits, but these may depend on the pattern of plant-protein sources. Objective We hypothesized that the diversity of plant foods could be important to nutrient adequacy when increasing plant-protein intake in the diet. Methods Using data on 1341 adults (aged 18–64 y) from a representative French national dietary survey conducted in 2014–2015 (the third Individual and National Study on Food Consumption Survey—INCA3), we studied the links between plant-protein intake, dietary diversity (using various dimensions), and nutrient adequacy [assessed using the PANDiet (Probability of Adequate Nutrient Intake) scoring system, comprising adequacy (AS) and moderation (MS) subscores]. We simulated substituting plant-protein foods for animal-protein foods using different models of plant-protein diversity. Results We found that overall diet quality was weakly associated with total and protein diversity and more strongly with plant-protein diversity. Plant-protein intake was inversely associated with animal-protein intake, and positively with the PANDiet and MS, but not with the AS. Plant-protein intake displayed little diversity, mostly taking the form of grains (61% of plant-protein intake), and this diversity was even less marked under a higher plant-protein intake. Finally, modeled substitutions showed that reducing animal-protein intake increased the MS (by 32%) in a similar manner whichever plant protein was used for substitution, whereas it decreased the AS (by 20%) unless using a highly diversified plant-protein mix. These simulated improvements in overall adequacy included marked decreases in adequacy regarding certain nutrients that are typically of animal origin. Conclusions We conclude that in French adults the current pattern of plant-protein intake is hindering the nutritional benefits of a transition toward more plant protein, indicating that the consumption of plant-protein-based foods other than refined grains should be encouraged.

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