scholarly journals Halo effect of a weight-loss trial on spouses: the DIRECT-Spouse study

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Golan ◽  
Dan Schwarzfuchs ◽  
Meir J Stampfer ◽  
Iris Shai
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Halo Effect ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

AbstractObjectiveWe examined the halo effect of a 2-year weight-loss diet trial, the Dietary Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial (DIRECT), on the weight and nutritional patterns of participants' spouses.DesignDIRECT participants in a research centre workplace were randomly assigned to one of three diets: Low-fat, Mediterranean or Low-carbohydrate. A sample of wives of the DIRECT participants, who attended support update meetings specific to their husband's diet during the first 6 months, were followed for 2 years.SettingSouth Israel.SubjectsSeventy-four women (mean age = 51 years, mean BMI =26·6 kg/m2).ResultsAmong the wives of husbands randomised to the Low-fat, Mediterranean and Low-carbohydrate diet, self-reported weight change was respectively −1·48 kg, −2·30 kg and −4·62 kg after 6 months, and +0·39 kg, −3·00 kg and −2·30 kg after 2 years. Weight loss among wives whose husbands were in the alternative diet groups combined (Mediterranean+Low-carbohydrate) was significantly greater than among wives whose husbands were in the Low-fat group after 6 months (P = 0·031) and 2 years (P = 0·034). Overweight wives experienced more weight loss. The weight change of couples was significantly correlated (r = 0·42, P < 0·001). Across all dietary groups, wives had significant improvement in their dietary patterns in all food groups according to their husbands' diets, mainly by a larger significant decrease in carbohydrate consumption in the Low-carbohydrate group (P = 0·013 compared to Low-fat). Six-month weight change among the seventy-four DIRECT participants whose wives took part in the group support sessions was −5·2 kg, compared to −3·5 kg among the 248 DIRECT participants whose wives did not take part in these sessions (P = 0·020).ConclusionsFocusing on the couple as a unit could provide a cost-effective approach to weight-loss programmes.

scholarly journals Effects of Low-Fat, Mediterranean, or Low-Carbohydrate Weight Loss Diets on Serum Urate and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors - A Secondary Analysis of the Dietary Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial (DIRECT)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chio Yokose ◽  
Natalie McCormick ◽  
Sharan K. Rai ◽  
Na Lu ◽  
Gary Curhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
Group Comparison ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Objectives: <a>Weight loss diets may reduce serum urate (SU) by lowering insulin resistance while providing cardiometabolic benefits, something urate-lowering drugs have not shown in trials. </a>We aim to examine the effects of weight loss diets on SU and cardiometabolic risk factors. <p>Research Design and Methods: Secondary study of the Dietary Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial (DIRECT) using stored samples from 235 participants with moderate obesity randomly assigned to low-fat, restricted-calorie (n=85), Mediterranean, restricted-calorie (n=76), or low-carbohydrate, non-restricted-calorie (n=74) diets. We examined SU changes at 6- and 24-months overall, and among those with hyperuricemia (SU³416 μmol/L), a relevant subgroup at risk for gout.</p> <p>Results: Among all participants, average SU decreases were 48 μmol/L at 6-months and 18 μmol/L at 24-months, with no differences between diets (p>0.05). Body weight, HDL-C, total cholesterol to HDL-C ratio, triglycerides, and insulin concentrations also improved in all three groups (p<0.05 at 6 months). Adjusting for covariates, changes in weight and fasting plasma insulin concentrations remained associated with SU changes (p<0.05). SU reductions among those with hyperuricemia were 113, 119, and 143 μmol/L at 6 months for low-fat, Mediterranean, and low-carbohydrate diets (all p for within-group comparison <0.001; p>0.05 for between-group comparisons), and 65, 77, and 83 μmol/L, respectively, at 24-months (all p for within-group comparison <0.01; p>0.05 for between-group comparisons).</p> <a>Conclusions</a>: <a>Non-purine-focused weight loss diets may simultaneously improve SU and cardiovascular risk factors, likely mediated by reducing adiposity and insulin resistance. </a>These dietary options could provide personalized pathways to suit patient comorbidity and preferences for adherence.

scholarly journals Effects of Low-Fat, Mediterranean, or Low-Carbohydrate Weight Loss Diets on Serum Urate and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors - A Secondary Analysis of the Dietary Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial (DIRECT)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chio Yokose ◽  
Natalie McCormick ◽  
Sharan K. Rai ◽  
Na Lu ◽  
Gary Curhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
Group Comparison ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Objectives: <a>Weight loss diets may reduce serum urate (SU) by lowering insulin resistance while providing cardiometabolic benefits, something urate-lowering drugs have not shown in trials. </a>We aim to examine the effects of weight loss diets on SU and cardiometabolic risk factors. <p>Research Design and Methods: Secondary study of the Dietary Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial (DIRECT) using stored samples from 235 participants with moderate obesity randomly assigned to low-fat, restricted-calorie (n=85), Mediterranean, restricted-calorie (n=76), or low-carbohydrate, non-restricted-calorie (n=74) diets. We examined SU changes at 6- and 24-months overall, and among those with hyperuricemia (SU³416 μmol/L), a relevant subgroup at risk for gout.</p> <p>Results: Among all participants, average SU decreases were 48 μmol/L at 6-months and 18 μmol/L at 24-months, with no differences between diets (p>0.05). Body weight, HDL-C, total cholesterol to HDL-C ratio, triglycerides, and insulin concentrations also improved in all three groups (p<0.05 at 6 months). Adjusting for covariates, changes in weight and fasting plasma insulin concentrations remained associated with SU changes (p<0.05). SU reductions among those with hyperuricemia were 113, 119, and 143 μmol/L at 6 months for low-fat, Mediterranean, and low-carbohydrate diets (all p for within-group comparison <0.001; p>0.05 for between-group comparisons), and 65, 77, and 83 μmol/L, respectively, at 24-months (all p for within-group comparison <0.01; p>0.05 for between-group comparisons).</p> <a>Conclusions</a>: <a>Non-purine-focused weight loss diets may simultaneously improve SU and cardiovascular risk factors, likely mediated by reducing adiposity and insulin resistance. </a>These dietary options could provide personalized pathways to suit patient comorbidity and preferences for adherence.

THE EFFECTS OF LOW-CARBOHYDRATE VERSUS LOW-FAT DIETS IN OBESE/OVERWEIGHT ADULTS: ONE-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF A RANDOMIZED TRIAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-29
Author(s):  
Maitri Hathi ◽  
Sudesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Aprevious paper reported the six month comparison of weight loss in overweight and/or obese adults randomly assigned to either a VLCK-diet or LF-diet. To review the one year outcomes between these diets 1year follow-up of a randomized trial on 113 overweight/obese adults with a BMI>25 kg/m2; with no abnormalities were randomly selected. Participants who selected VLCK diet received counseling to restrict carbohydrate intake to <30 gram per day and those who selected LF diet received counseling to restrict caloric intake by 500 calories per day with <30% of calories from fat. Changes in weight, Body Mass Index, Body Fat, and Waist Circumference were measured at intervals of rst, third, sixth and twelfth month of participants who completed the one-year follow-up. Participants on the very-low-carbohydrate diet had lost more weight loss than participants on the conventional low-fat diet at 3months, 6month and but the difference at 12months were signicant. Study conclude that participants on a VLCK-diet had more favorable overall outcomes at 1year than did those on a conventional LF-diet. Weight loss was similar between groups.

Weight loss leads to reductions in inflammatory biomarkers after a very-low-carbohydrate diet and a low-fat diet in overweight men

2004 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. SHARMAN ◽  
Jeff S. VOLEK
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

In recent years, it has become apparent that low-grade vascular inflammation plays a key role in all stages of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Weight loss has been shown to improve blood inflammatory markers; however, it is unknown if weight-loss diets varying in macronutrient composition differentially affect inflammatory responses. The primary purpose of the present study was to compare a very-low-carbohydrate diet and a low-fat weight-loss diet on inflammatory biomarkers in overweight men. In a randomized cross-over design, 15 overweight men (body fat, >25%; body mass index, 34 kg/m2) consumed two experimental weight-loss diets for two consecutive 6-week periods: a very-low-carbohydrate diet (<10% energy via carbohydrate) and a low-fat diet (<30% energy via fat). Both the low-fat and the very-low-carbohydrate diets resulted in significant decreases in absolute concentrations of hsTNF-α (high-sensitivity tumour necrosis factor-α), hsIL-6 (high-sensitivity interleukin-6), hsCRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) and sICAM-1 (soluble intercellular cell-adhesion molecule-1). There was no significant change in absolute sP-selectin (soluble P-selectin) concentrations after either diet. Normalized inflammatory values represented as the delta change per 1 kg reduction in body mass showed a significant difference between the two diets only for sP-selectin (P<0.05). In summary, energy-restricted low-fat and very-low-carbohydrate diets both significantly decreased several biomarkers of inflammation. These data suggest that, in the short-term, weight loss is primarily the driving force underlying the reductions in most of the inflammatory biomarkers.

scholarly journals Low Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Diets: What We Don't Know and Why we Should Know It

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seid ◽  
Rosenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Cholesterol Intake

In the 1940s, the diet-heart hypothesis proposed that high dietary saturated fat and cholesterol intake promoted coronary heart disease in “at-risk“ individuals. This hypothesis prompted federal recommendations for a low-fat diet for “high risk” patients and as a preventive health measure for everyone except infants. The low carbohydrate diet, first used to treat type 1 diabetes, became a popular obesity therapy with the Atkins diet in the 1970s. Its predicted effectiveness was based largely on the hypothesis that insulin is the causa prima of weight gain and regain via hyperphagia and hypometabolism during and after weight reduction, and therefore reduced carbohydrate intake would promote and sustain weight loss. Based on literature reviews, there are insufficient randomized controlled inpatient studies examining the physiological significance of the mechanisms proposed to support one over the other. Outpatient studies can be confounded by poor diet compliance such that the quality and quantity of the energy intake cannot be ascertained. Many studies also fail to separate macronutrient quantity from quality. Overall, there is no conclusive evidence that the degree of weight loss or the duration of reduced weight maintenance are significantly affected by dietary macronutrient quantity beyond effects attributable to caloric intake. Further work is needed.

Interim analysis of a prospective randomized trial of dietary carbohydrate restriction for men with a rising PSA after failed primary treatment: Carbohydrate and Prostate Study 2 (CAPS2).

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 382-382
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Freedland ◽  
Jenifer Allen ◽  
Andrew J. Armstrong ◽  
Judd W. Moul ◽  
Howard M. Sandler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Interim Analysis ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Carbohydrate Restriction ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrate ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Curative Intent ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

382 Background: Nearly one third of men treated with curative intent for localized prostate cancer (PC) will develop a rising PSA. The rate of PSA rise (PSA doubling time aka PSASDT) is a predictor metastases and PC death. In laboratory mice, an extreme low carbohydrate diet slows PC growth. We tested whether this diet could slow PSADT in men with recurrent PC. Methods: We are conducting a 6-month multi-center randomized phase II trial of dietary carbohydrate restriction vs. no diet intervention control. Men had to have a BMI ≥24 kg/m2, received radical prostatectomy or definitive local radiation for PC, had a PSA 0.4-20.0 ng/ml (3-20 if prior radiation therapy) within the past 3 months, and current PSADT 3-36 months. The intervention arm was instructed to eat < 20 grams/carbs/day with no other limits. The control arm was told to make no diet. In this interim analysis, we present the efficacy of the dietary intervention with regards to weight loss. Arms were compared using rank-sum. Total anticipated enrollment is 60. The primary outcome is differences in PSADT between arms. Secondary outcomes include weight loss, and dietary make-up. Results: To date, 28 patients (14 in each study arm) have completed the study. Characteristics were well-balanced at baseline. At the 6-month dietary assessment, calorie consumption was similar between the two study arms (p = 0.090) among the 16 patients (7 low-carb, 9 control) with diet information. Subjects in the low-carb arm ate fewer carbs (29 vs. 188 g, p = 0.008) and more protein (125 vs. 73 g, p = 0.044) but similar amounts of fat (75 vs. 67 g, p = 0.672) vs. subjects in the control arm. Six months on the low carb diet resulted in greater weight loss (median: 31.7 vs. 0.8 lbs, p < 0.001), lower BMI (24.4 vs. 29.6 kg/m2, p < 0.001), and smaller waist circumference (95.7 vs. 108.9 cm, p = 0.002). Conclusions: In this interim analysis of an on-going dietary study for men with a rising PSA after definitive local treatment, an extreme low carbohydrate diet results in dramatic weight loss in 6 months. Whether this weight loss slows PC growth is an on-going question. Clinical trial information: NCT01763944.

Which has the biggest impact on weight loss: Either low-fat or low-carbohydrate diet?

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
Shoaib Y. Mahmood ◽  
Daniela Rodriguez ◽  
Shelley Waits ◽  
Daniel J. Hurst
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Abstract P167: The Long-term Effect of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Appetite Hormones: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Hu ◽  
Kristi Reynolds ◽  
Lu Yao ◽  
Calynn Bunol ◽  
Yanxi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
P Value ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Total Ghrelin ◽  
Study Participants

The long-term effects of low-carbohydrate diets on hormones related to appetite are unclear. We recruited a total of 148 study participants with a body mass index of 30 - 45 kg/m2 (Mean: 35.4 kg/m2) who were free of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and kidney disease. The participants were randomly assigned to either a low-carbohydrate diet (<40 g/day; N=75) or a low fat (<30% energy from fat, <10% from saturated fat; N=73) diet. Two 24-hour dietary recalls were conducted at each clinic visit (0, 3, 6 and 12 months of the intervention). Participants met with a study dietitian weekly for the first month followed by group settings bi-weekly for 5 months then monthly for the subsequent 6 months. Each group was provided the same behavioral curriculum related to diet emphasizing portion control and eating habits. Total ghrelin and peptide YY were determined using radioimmunoassay methods. Of the study participants, 60 in the low-fat group (81.1%) and 59 in the low-carbohydrate group (79.7%) completed the entire intervention. The mean age was 46.8 years, 88.5% were women and 55.1% were African-Americans. The low-carbohydrate group lost approximately 3.5 kg more body weight than did the low-fat group (P value: 0.002) over the course of the intervention. Both diets decreased total peptide YY and ghrelin. Compared to low-fat diets, the low-carbohydrate diet resulted in a significantly greater decrease in total peptide YY at 6 (Net change: -6.8 ph/mL; P value: 0.04) and 12 months (Net change: -10.6 ph/mL; P value: 0.02). The changes in total ghrelin were not significantly different throughout the study. Our findings suggest that the low-carbohydrate diet did not result in a greater loss of appetite, compared to the low-fat diet.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document