scholarly journals Sugar-sweetened beverage intake and overweight in children from a Mediterranean country

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Valente ◽  
Vitor Teixeira ◽  
Patricia Padrão ◽  
Mariana Bessa ◽  
Tânia Cordeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Mediterranean Country ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the association between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and overweight in children from a Mediterranean country.DesignThe children’s dietary intake was measured using a semi-quantitative FFQ completed by the parents. Overall, 2512 questionnaires were returned and 837 children were removed, leaving a final sample of 1675 children, aged between 5 and 10 years. Height and weight were measured according to international standards, and BMI was calculated. The definition of overweight and obesity was based on average centiles according to the International Obesity Task Force cut-offs. To determine the magnitude of the association between SSB consumption and overweight, OR estimates, including CI, were computed using unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for confounders.SettingElementary schools throughout the city of Porto, Portugal.SubjectsWe invited 5867 children, randomly selected, and their parents to participate in the study. Of those schools that agreed to take part, 3391 parents signed and returned the fully filled out consent form.ResultsThe prevalence of overweight (including obesity) was 36·6 % for girls and 38·8 % for boys. With regard to SSB consumption (serving/d), no differences between with overweight and non-overweight children were found even after adjustment for confounders (1–2 servings/d: OR = 1·67, 95 % CI 0·76, 3·66, in girls; OR = 1·63, 95 % CI 0·76, 3·47, in boys; and >2 servings/d: OR = 0·63, 95 % CI 0·33, 1·22, in girls; OR = 0·64, 95 % CI 0·33, 1·52, in boys).ConclusionsThe intake of SSB was not associated with increased risk of overweight in Portuguese schoolchildren.

Implementation of the concept of “politically exposed persons (PEPs)” in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramandeep Kaur Chhina
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Regulatory Focus ◽  
Task Force ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reserve Bank ◽  
Financial Action Task ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Effective Development

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the concept of “politically exposed persons (PEPs)” as provided under the Indian anti-money laundering (AML) regime, particularly focussing on the Reserve Bank of India guidelines to its supervised banks on dealing with the potential money laundering risks posed by PEPs. Design/methodology/approach The definition of PEPs as provided by international standard setters and the concept as defined by the Indian AML regime was examined to examine the extend of the compliance of the Indian AML regime with the mandatory requirements of revised 2012 Financial Action Task Force (FATF) recommendations and other international standards. Findings The paper clearly establishes that the current AML regime of India does not fully comply with the mandatory requirements of the revised 2012 FATF recommendations, and the RBI guidelines do not provide any clear indications to its supervised banks on the effective development and implementation of AML PEPs control. The paper argues that it is high time for India to increase its regulatory focus on the issue of PEPs and to expand its definition of PEPs by including both domestic PEPs and “close associates” of PEPs within the definition. Originality/value The paper demonstrates in an exceptional way that despite variations in the scope of the PEPs definition at an international level, all the standard setters have included certain key individuals (both domestic and foreign PEPs and “close associates” of PEPs) within the scope of the definition and how the legal and regulatory requirements in India are falling short of compliance even with these minimum key requirements. By adopting a step-by-step approach in critically examining the current legal and regulatory requirements enforced on banks in India to efficiently deal with the money laundering risks posed by PEPs, the paper makes a valuable contribution in highlighting the steps that might be taken to strengthen PEPs’ AML controls in India.

scholarly journals DESIGNING DRUG TRIALS FOR SARCOPENIA IN OLDER ADULTS WITH HIP FRACTURE – A TASK FORCE FROM THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FRAILTY AND SARCOPENIA RESEARCH (ICFSR)

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
B. VELLAS ◽  
R. FIELDING ◽  
R. MILLER ◽  
Y. ROLLAND ◽  
S. BHASIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Task Force ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Definition Of

In May 2012, a Sarcopenia Consensus Summit was convened by the Foundation of the National Institutes of Health (FNIH), National Institute of Aging (NIA), and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA); and co-sponsored by five pharmaceutical companies. At this summit, sarcopenia experts from around the world worked to develop agreement on a working definition of sarcopenia, building on the work of previous efforts to generate a consensus. With the ultimate goal of improving function and independence in individuals with sarcopenia, the Task Force focused its attention on people at greatly increased risk of muscle atrophy as a consequence of hip fracture. The rationale for looking at this population is that since hip fracture is a recognized condition, there is a clear regulatory path forward for developing interventions. Moreover, patients with hip fracture may provide an appropriate population to advance understanding of sarcopenia, for example helping to define diagnostic criteria, develop biomarkers, understand the mechanisms that underlie the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, and identify endpoints for clinical trials that are reliable, objective, and clinically meaningful. Task Force members agreed that progress in treating sarcopenia will require strengthening of partnerships between academia, industry, and government agencies, and across continents to reach consensus on diagnostic criteria, optimization of clinical trials design, and identification of improved treatment and preventive strategies. In this report, the main results of the Task Force discussion are presented.

scholarly journals Development of weight and height in Norwegian children: The Health Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP)

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (21_suppl) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelica Skår ◽  
Trine Johansen Meza ◽  
Per Morten Fredriksen
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
International Obesity Task Force ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Parental Level

Aims: High prevalence of overweight and obesity increases the disease burden with higher risk for an expanding set of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, certain types of cancers and an array of musculoskeletal disorders. Over the last decades, trends in children’s weight have changed worldwide. Methods: Anthropometric measurements of height and weight and calculations of body mass index (BMI) were recorded for 2297 children, aged 6–12 years. Results: Percentiles for weight and height are presented, as well as overweight and obesity cut-off points according to International Obesity Task Force guidelines for each age group. Children’s BMI is higher compared to older studies; however, a levelling-off of weight is evident, as 14–15% of the children are overweight in the present study. Children within the 90th and 97.5th percentiles display a higher annual increase in weight/height ratio compared to other percentiles. Parental level of education shows association with children’s BMI. Conclusions: A levelling-off of weight gain among children is evident; however, overweight children tend to gain more weight than normal-weight children.

scholarly journals The level of carbonation of a sugar-sweetened beverage preload affects satiety and short-term energy and food intakes

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 1362-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Anne Moorhead ◽  
M. Barbara E. Livingstone ◽  
Adrian Dunne ◽  
Robert W. Welch
Keyword(s):  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Short Term Study ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Standard Breakfast

The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with increased incidence of overweight and obesity, and a factor underlying this putative link could be the relatively low levels of satiety that may be induced by these beverages. Although many sugar-sweetened beverages are carbonated, little attention has been given to the potential effects of level of carbonation on satiety and subsequent intakes. We hypothesized that increasing the level of carbonation in a sugar-sweetened beverage would increase satiety and decrease intakes in the short term. Using a randomized, within-subject cross-over design, thirty non-obese subjects (fifteen women, fifteen men) participated on three occasions, 1 week apart. Following a standard breakfast, subjects consumed a beverage preload 10 min before consuming a lunch ad libitum. Preloads were the same sugar-sweetened beverage (400 ml, 639 kJ) with three levels of carbonation, which were low (1·7 volumes), medium (2·5 volumes) and high (3·7 volumes). Satiety was assessed using visual analogue scales and intakes were measured at the lunch and for the rest of the day. Compared with the beverage with low carbonation, consumption of the beverages with medium and high carbonation led to significantly (P < 0·05) higher satiety until lunch, when intakes of food and energy were significantly (P < 0·05) lower. There were no significant effects on satiety following lunch or on intakes for the rest of the day. This short-term study suggests that the level of carbonation may need to be taken into account when assessing potential effects of beverages on satiety and intake.

scholarly journals Caffeine increases sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in a free-living population: a randomised controlled trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell S. J. Keast ◽  
Boyd A. Swinburn ◽  
Dhoungsiri Sayompark ◽  
Susie Whitelock ◽  
Lynn J. Riddell
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Conditioning Paradigm ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Hedonic Scale ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Excessive sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption has been associated with overweight and obesity. Caffeine is a common additive to SSB, and through dependence effects, it has the potential to promote the consumption of caffeine-containing foods. The objective of the present study was to assess the influence that caffeine has on the consumption of SSB. Participants (n99) were blindly assigned to either a caffeinated SSB (C-SSB) or a non-caffeinated SSB (NC-SSB) group. Following randomisation, all participants completed a 9 d flavour-conditioning paradigm. They then completed a 28 dad libitumintake intervention where they consumed as much or as little of C-SSB or NC-SSB as desired. The amount consumed (ml) was recorded daily, 4 d diet diaries were collected and liking of SSB was assessed at the start and end of the intervention. Participants (n50) consuming the C-SSB had a daily SSB intake of 419 (sd298) ml (785 (sd559) kJ/d) over the 28 d intervention, significantly more than participants (n49) consuming the NC-SSB (273 (sd278) ml/d, 512 (sd521) kJ/d) (P< 0·001). A trained flavour panel (n30) found no difference in flavour between the C-SSB and NC-SSB (P>0·05). However, participants who consumed the C-SSB liked the SSB more than those who consumed the NC-SSB (6·3v.6·0 on a nine-point hedonic scale,P= 0·022). The addition of low concentrations of caffeine to the SSB significantly increases the consumption of the SSB. Regulating caffeine as a food additive may be an effective strategy to decrease the consumption of nutrient-poor high-energy foods and beverages.

scholarly journals Caffeine Intake During Pregnancy and Risk of Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-380
Author(s):  
Natalie C Frayer ◽  
Yeonsoo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Objective: This paper evaluates the association between caffeine consumption during pregnancy and overweight or obesity in the offspring. Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a literature search was conducted using MedLine, PubMed, CINAHL-Plus and Google Scholar databases. Inclusion criteria were cohort studies on participants with live singleton births at ?28 weeks gestation who had consumed caffeine during pregnancy. Included were studies reporting both measurement of maternal caffeine intake and offspring anthropometric measurements. Studies reporting serum paraxanthine, a measurement of caffeine intake, were also included. Results: After final elimination, there were eight studies meeting our inclusion criteria. From these studies, we deduced that caffeine intake during pregnancy between 50 mg and <150 mg/day was associated with increased risk of overweight and obesity by excess fat deposition or increased weight, and elevated BMI per International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria using a reference population. The majority of studies reported the strongest association with maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and overweight and obesity risk beginning at ?300 mg/day. Conclusions and Global Health Implication: The risk of childhood overweight or obesity was associated with caffeine consumption at 50 mg/day during pregnancy with a stronger association at intakes ?300 mg/day and higher. The current recommendation of <200 mg/day of caffeine during pregnancy is likely associated with lower risk of overweight or obesity in offspring but avoidance of the substance is recommended. Key words: • Prenatal • Caffeine intake • Pregnancy • Childhood • Obesity • Overweight • Serum paraxanthine • Systematic review   Copyright © 2020 Frayer and Kim. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.

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