scholarly journals Correlates of Omani adults’ physical inactivity and sitting time

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth M Mabry ◽  
Elisabeth AH Winkler ◽  
Marina M Reeves ◽  
Elizabeth G Eakin ◽  
Neville Owen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Work Status ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Education Work

AbstractObjectiveTo inform public health approaches for chronic disease prevention, the present study identified sociodemographic, anthropometric and behavioural correlates of work, transport and leisure physical inactivity and sitting time among adults in Oman.DesignCross-sectional study using the WHO STEPwise study methodology.SettingSur City, Oman.SubjectsMen and women aged 20 years and older (n 1335) in the Sur City Healthy Lifestyle Study who had complete data for demographic variables (gender, age, education, work status and marital status), BMI and behavioural risk factors – smoking and dietary habits plus physical inactivity and sitting time (the outcome variables).ResultsThe highest level of physical inactivity was in the leisure domain (55·4 %); median sitting time was about 2 h/d. Gender-stratified logistic regression models found that the statistically significant (P < 0·05) correlates of inactivity (in one or more domains) were age, work status and fruit and vegetable intake in women, and age, education, work status, marital status and BMI in men. Gender-stratified linear regression models found that the statistically significant correlates of sitting time were age, work status and BMI in women and education in men.ConclusionsFindings suggest that public health interventions need to be gender responsive and focus on domain-specific physical inactivity. In the Omani context, this might include gender-segregated exercise facilities to promote leisure physical activity among women and walking-friendly environmental initiatives to promote transport physical activity among men. Further evidence on barriers to physical activity and factors that influence prolonged sitting is required to develop relevant public health interventions.

Economic evaluations of public health interventions for physical activity and healthy diet: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 106100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihretab Gebreslassie ◽  
Filipa Sampaio ◽  
Camilla Nystrand ◽  
Richard Ssegonja ◽  
Inna Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Public Health Interventions

scholarly journals Use of wearable sensors to assess compliance of asthmatic children in response to lockdown measures for the COVID-19 epidemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Panayiotis Kouis ◽  
Antonis Michanikou ◽  
Pinelopi Anagnostopoulou ◽  
Emmanouil Galanakis ◽  
Eleni Michaelidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
At Home

AbstractBetween March and April 2020, Cyprus and Greece health authorities enforced three escalated levels of public health interventions to control the COVID-19 pandemic. We quantified compliance of 108 asthmatic schoolchildren (53 from Cyprus, 55 from Greece, mean age 9.7 years) from both countries to intervention levels, using wearable sensors to continuously track personal location and physical activity. Changes in ‘fraction time spent at home’ and ‘total steps/day’ were assessed with a mixed-effects model adjusting for confounders. We observed significant mean increases in ‘fraction time spent at home’ in Cyprus and Greece, during each intervention level by 41.4% and 14.3% (level 1), 48.7% and 23.1% (level 2) and 45.2% and 32.0% (level 3), respectively. Physical activity in Cyprus and Greece demonstrated significant mean decreases by − 2,531 and − 1,191 (level 1), − 3,638 and − 2,337 (level 2) and − 3,644 and − 1,961 (level 3) total steps/day, respectively. Significant independent effects of weekends and age were found on ‘fraction time spent at home’. Similarly, weekends, age, humidity and gender had an independent effect on physical activity. We suggest that wearable technology provides objective, continuous, real-time location and activity data making possible to inform in a timely manner public health officials on compliance to various tiers of public health interventions during a pandemic.

scholarly journals Economic evaluations of public health interventions for physical activity and diet: systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Gebreslassie ◽  
F Sampaio ◽  
C Nystrand ◽  
R Ssegonja ◽  
I Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Public Health Interventions

Abstract Background Physical inactivity and unhealthy dietary habits are associated with an increased disease and economic burden. Despite the prevalence of different public health programs, decision-makers encounter a multitude of challenges in prioritizing interventions for optimal resource allocation. The aim of this systematic review, therefore, was to identify economic evaluations of public health interventions targeting physical activity and healthy diet, and assess the quality and transferability of the findings to the Swedish context. Methods A search of published economic evaluations was conducted through electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, National Health Service Economic Evaluation Databases (NHS EED) and the Health Technology Assessment Database (HTA). An additional search was done using references of relevant systematic reviews and, websites of relevant organizations were checked to find grey literature. Quality and transferability of the economic evaluations were appraised using a quality assessment tool developed by the Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment. Preliminary Results Thirty-two economic evaluations of 178 interventions were included; thirteen studies targeting physical activity, thirteen targeting healthy diet and six targeting both. The interventions varied in terms of their content, setting, mode of delivery and target populations. A majority of the economic evaluations reported that the interventions were likely to be cost-effective; however, considerable variations in the methodological and reporting qualities were observed. Only half of the economic evaluations were rated to have a high probability of transferring to the Swedish context. Conclusions Most of the interventions were reported to be cost-effective. However, a variation in quality and transferability of the available evidence to the Swedish context were observed. Key messages Public health interventions targeting physical activity and dietary habits have a high potential to be cost-effective. Decision makers should consider transferability and suitability of findings of economic evaluation from a different context to a decision problem at hand.

scholarly journals Updating syndromic surveillance baselines following public health interventions

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Charlett ◽  
Sally Harcourt ◽  
Gillian Smith
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Syndromic Surveillance ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Step Change ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Post Intervention

ObjectiveTo adjust modelled baselines used for syndromic surveillance to account for public health interventions. Specifically to account for a change in the seasonality of diarrhoea and vomiting indicators following the introduction of a rotavirus vaccine in England.IntroductionPublic Health England's syndromic surveillance service monitor presentations for gastrointestinal illness to detect increases in health care seeking behaviour driven by infectious gastrointestinal disease. We use regression models to create baselines for expected activity and then identify any periods of signficant increases. The introduction of a rotavirus vaccine in England during July 2013 (Bawa, Z. et al. 2015) led to a reduction in incidence of the disease, requiring a readjustment of baselines.MethodsWe identified syndromes where rates had dropped significantly following the vaccine’s introduction. For these indicators, we introduced new variables into the regression models used to create baselines. Specifically we tested for a ‘step-change’ drop in rates and a change in the seasonality of baselines. Finally we checked the new models accuracy against actual syndromic data before and after the vaccine introduction.ResultsWe were able to improve model fit post-intervention, with the best-fitting models based on a change in seasonality. All post-intervention regression models had reduced average residual square error. Reductions in residual errors ranged from <1% to 60% when a ‘step-change’ variable was included and 4% to 75% when accounting for seasonality. Furthermore, every syndrome showed a better model fit when a change in seasonality was included.ConclusionsPrior to the vaccine’s introduction, rotavirus caused a spring-time peak in vomiting and diarrhoea recorded by syndromic surveillance systems. Failure to account for the reduction in this peak post-vaccine would have made surveillance systems less effective. In particular, any increased activity during spring may have been undetected. Moreover, models that did not account for changes in seasonality would increase the chances of false alarms during other seasons. By adjusting our baselines for the changes in seasonality due to the vaccine we were able to maintain effective surveillance systems.ReferencesBawa, Z., et al. Assessing the Likely Impact of a Rotavirus Vaccination Program in England: The Contribution of Syndromic Surveillance. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2015;61(1):77-85.

scholarly journals LIFESTYLE PREDICTORS OF OVERWEIGHT AMONG MALAYSIANS

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-171
Author(s):  
Mary Jane Botabara-Yap ◽  
Miriam R. Estrada ◽  
Edwin Balila
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio

The epidemic of overweight is encroaching in the world today, irrespective of economic and social status and regions. It is now seen as a public health threat and one that must be taken seriously in all aspects of public health interventions. There is a need to deeper understand the relationship of lifestyle behaviors and the epidemic of overweight and obesity. This cross-sectional study investigates the lifestyle predictors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and sleeping) of overweight as measured by body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). A questionnaire survey was conducted among 459 samples (18 years old and above) from those who attended a health screening drive, conducted in three major regions in Peninsular Malaysia. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as regression model, with p<0.05 considered significant. The overall Body Mass Index (BMI) of the population was overweight at 24.69 while the Waist-to-Hip ratio (WHR) for female was 0.86, classified as high and for male, 0.94 which was borderline. Predictor model revealed that smoking (P<0.05, R2 - 0.38) and physical activity (P=0.02, R2 - 0.11) were predictors for body mass index while smoking P<0.05, R2 - 0.50) was a predictor of Waist-to-hip ratio. Findings showed that the problem of overweight in Malaysia is real and smoking and physical activity play a strong role and need to be considered in any public health interventions.

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