scholarly journals Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and association with weight status in Irish children: a cross-sectional study prior to the introduction of a government tax on sugar-sweetened beverages

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 2234-2244
Author(s):  
Janas M Harrington ◽  
Catherine Perry ◽  
Eimear Keane ◽  
Ivan J Perry
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Daily Energy

AbstractObjective:To provide baseline evidence of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption in a sample of Irish children prior to the introduction of the SSB tax; to identify the energy contribution of SSB to daily energy intake; and to explore the association between SSB consumption and overweight/obesity.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Primary schools in Cork, Ireland in 2012.Participants:1075 boys and girls aged 8–11 years. SSB consumption was assessed from 3-d food diaries. BMI was used to define obesity (International Obesity Taskforce definitions). Plausible energy reporters (n 724, 68 % of total sample) were classified using Schofield equation.Results:Eighty-two per cent of children with plausible energy intake consumed SSB. Mean energy intake from SSB was 485 kJ (6 % of total kJ). Mean kilojoules from SSB increased with weight status from 443 kJ for normal-weight children to 648 kJ for children with overweight/obesity (5·8 and 7·6 % of total kJ, respectively). Mean SSB intake was significantly higher in children with overweight/obesity than normal-weight children (383 and 315 ml/d). In adjusted analyses, children consuming >200 ml/d had an 80 % increased odds of overweight/obesity compared to those consuming <200 ml/d (OR 1·8, 95 % CI 1·0, 3·5). Family socioeconomic status and lifestyle determinants, including frequency of takeaway consumption and TV viewing, were also significantly associated with SSB consumption.Conclusions:SSB account for a substantial proportion of daily energy intake and are significantly associated with child overweight/obesity. This study provides baseline data from a sample of children from which the impact of the SSB tax can be benchmarked.

scholarly journals Nutritional intakes and associated factors among tuberculosis patients: a cross-sectional study in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhewen Ren ◽  
Fei Zhao ◽  
Hui Chen ◽  
Dongmei Hu ◽  
Wentao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Background The objectives of this study were to examine nutrient intakes of tuberculosis (TB) patients and to identify their associated factors. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 300 adult TB patients were surveyed in two impoverished counties in China. Nutrient intakes were evaluated through two consecutive 24-h dietary recalls and compared with the Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) 2013. The potential socio-demographic and behavioral factors were analyzed using multivariate logistic model to identify strong influential factors. Results We found that mean daily energy intake was 1655.0 kcal (SD: 619.3 kcal) and 1360.3 kcal (SD: 552.1 kcal) for male and female patients, respectively. The mean daily energy intake was significantly lower than that has been recommended by DRI (i.e., 2250 and 1800 kcal for males and females, respectively), with 87.4% of the male patients and 59.9% of female patients failed to consume adequate energy. The protein intakes were 44.6 g (SD: 18.2 g) and 35.9 g (SD: 12.3 g) for male and female patients, respectively, which were lower than the recommended values by DRI (i.e., 65 and 55 g for males and females, respectively). Most male (90.8%) and female (58.4%) TB patients had insufficient daily protein intake. Further analyses suggested that mean daily intakes of many micronutrients, were insufficient, while for most of patients, intakes of vitamin E and sodium were sufficient. We identified that unemployment was a risk factor for low energy intake (p < 0.05) and out-home-eating was a protective factor for low protein intake (p < 0.01). Conclusions In impoverished areas in China, intakes of macronutrients and most micronutrients in TB patients were inadequate compared with DRIs, especially for unemployed patients and patients eating at home. These findings suggested that public health actions are needed to promote education on TB patients about significance of nutritional support, and, further interventions in TB patients’ nutritional intakes are also required.

scholarly journals Nutritional intakes and associated factors among tuberculosis patients: A cross-sectional study in China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
zhewen ren ◽  
Fei Zhao ◽  
Hui Chen ◽  
Dongmei Hu ◽  
Wentao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Abstract Background: The objectives of this study were to examine nutrient intakes of tuberculosis (TB) patients and to identify their associated factors. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 300 adult TB patients were surveyed in two impoverished counties in China. Nutrient intakes were evaluated through two consecutive 24-h dietary recalls and compared with the Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) 2013. The potential socio-demographic and behavioral factors were analyzed using multivariate logistic model to identify strong influential factors. Results: We found that mean daily energy intake was 1655.0 kcal (SD: 619.3 kcal) and 1360.3 kcal (SD: 552.1 kcal) for male and female patients, respectively. The mean daily energy intake was significantly lower than that has been recommended by DRI (i.e., 2250 and 1800 kcal for males and females, respectively), with 87.4% of the male patients and 59.9% of female patients failed to consume adequate energy. The protein intakes were 44.6 g (SD: 18.2 g) and 35.9 g (SD: 12.3 g) for male and female patients, respectively, which were lower than the recommended values by DRI (i.e., 65 and 55 g for males and females, respectively). Most male (90.8%) and female (58.4%) TB patients had insufficient daily protein intake. Further analyses suggested that mean daily intakes of many micronutrients, were insufficient, while for most of patients, intakes of vitamin E and sodium were sufficient. We identified that unemployment was a risk factor for low energy intake (p<0.05) and out-home-eating was a protective factor for low protein intake (p<0.01). Conclusions: In impoverished areas in China, intakes of macronutrients and most micronutrients in TB patients were inadequate compared with DRIs, especially for unemployed patients and patients eating at home. These findings suggested that public health actions are needed to promote education on TB patients about significance of nutritional support, and, further interventions in TB patients’ nutritional intakes are also required. Keywords: Tuberculosis patients; Nutrient intakes; Socio-demographic factors; Behavioral factors

scholarly journals Nutritional intakes and associated factors among tuberculosis patients: A cross-sectional study in China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
zhewen ren ◽  
Fei Zhao ◽  
Hui Chen ◽  
Dongmei Hu ◽  
Wentao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Abstract Background: The objectives of this study were to examine nutrient intakes of tuberculosis (TB) patients and to identify their associated factors. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 300 adult TB patients were surveyed in two impoverished counties in China. Nutrient intakes were evaluated through two consecutive 24-h dietary recalls and compared with the Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) 2013. The potential socio-demographic and behavioral factors were analyzed using multivariate logistic model to identify strong influential factors. Results: We found that mean daily energy intake was 1655.0 kcal (SD: 619.3 kcal) and 1360.3 kcal (SD: 552.1 kcal) for male and female patients, respectively. The mean daily energy intake was significantly lower than that has been recommended by DRI (i.e., 2250 and 1800 kcal for males and females, respectively), with 87.4% of the male patients and 59.9% of female patients failed to consume adequate energy. The protein intakes were 44.6 g (SD: 18.2 g) and 35.9 g (SD: 12.3 g) for male and female patients, respectively, which were lower than the recommended values by DRI (i.e., 65 and 55 g for males and females, respectively). Most male (90.8%) and female (58.4%) TB patients had insufficient daily protein intake. Further analyses suggested that mean daily intakes of many micronutrients, were insufficient, while for most of patients, intakes of vitamin E and sodium were sufficient. We identified that unemployment was a risk factor for low energy intake (p<0.05) and out-home-eating was a protective factor for low protein intake (p<0.01). Conclusions: In impoverished areas in China, intakes of macronutrients and most micronutrients in TB patients were inadequate compared with DRIs, especially for unemployed patients and patients eating at home. These findings suggested that public health actions are needed to promote education on TB patients about significance of nutritional support, and, further interventions in TB patients’ nutritional intakes are also required. Keywords: Tuberculosis patients; Nutrient intakes; Socio-demographic factors; Behavioral factors

scholarly journals Change in daily energy intake associated with pairwise compositional change in carbohydrate, fat and protein intake among US adults, 1999–2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1343-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruopeng An ◽  
Nicholas A Burd
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Compositional Change ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Macronutrient Composition ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the change in daily energy intake associated with pairwise compositional change in carbohydrate, fat and protein intake among US adults stratified by sex, race/ethnicity and weight status.DesignLinear mixture model was performed to estimate the relationship between daily energy intake and macronutrient composition, adjusted for age and alcohol consumption, and accounting for survey design.SettingStudy sample from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2010 waves.SubjectsA total of 27 589 US adults aged 20 years and older were included in the study. Dietary macronutrient intake was calculated from 24 h dietary recall and BMI from objectively measured weight/height.ResultsAcross all population subgroups, substituting protein or carbohydrate for fat and substituting protein for carbohydrate were associated with decreased daily energy intake, with the largest effect resulting from substituting protein for fat. A 1 % increase in the percentage of energy from protein substituted for a 1 % decrease in the percentage of energy from fat was associated with a decrease in daily energy intake of 268·2 (95 % CI 169·0, 367·4) kJ, 289·5 (95 % CI 215·9, 363·2) kJ and 293·7 (95 % CI 210·0, 377·4) kJ among normal-weight (18·5≤BMI, kg/m2<25·0), overweight (25·0≤BMI, kg/m2<30·0) and obese (BMI≥30·0 kg/m2) men, and 177·4 (95 % CI 130·5, 224·3) kJ, 188·7 (95 % CI 139·3, 238·1) kJ and 204·2 (95 % CI 158·2, 250·2) kJ among normal-weight, overweight and obese women, respectively. The relationship between macronutrient composition and daily energy intake varied substantially across sex, race/ethnicity and weight status.ConclusionsPolicies promoting higher daily protein intake at the expense of lower fat intake could be effective in reducing total energy intake among US adults.

Early consumption of ultra-processed foods among children under 2 years old in Brazil

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Spaniol ◽  
Teresa Helena Macedo da Costa ◽  
Amanda de Moura Souza ◽  
Muriel Bauermann Gubert
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Group 2

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the complementary food consumption according to the extent and purpose of food processing based on NOVA classification among children aged 6–24 months of Federal District, Brazil. Design: We performed a cross-sectional study using a 24-h recall to estimate the daily energy intake and nutrients according to NOVA classification. We conducted a linear regression to assess the association between the processed and ultra-processed foods (UPF) energy intake and the daily energy intake from saturated fat, daily energy intake from total sugars and daily intake of sodium. Setting: Federal District, Brazil. Participants: Five hundred and thirty-eight children aged between 6 and 24 months attended at Primary Health Care Units from March 2017 to March 2018. Results: On average, children aged from 6 to 12 and from 12 to 24 months consumed 2393 and 4054 kJ/d, respectively, and processed and UPF represented one-third of dietary energy intake. Group 2 (processed and UPF) was higher carbohydrate contributors, and lower protein, fibre and most micronutrient contributors, when compared with Group 1 (unprocessed, minimally processed foods and processed culinary ingredients). In addition, the higher the energy intake from processed and UPF, the higher was the daily energy intake from saturated fat, daily energy intake from total sugar and daily intake of sodium. Conclusion: Children are being exposed early to processed and UPF and their share affect the diet’s nutritional quality.

scholarly journals Food, energy and macronutrient contribution of out-of-home foods in school-going adolescents in Cotonou, Benin

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice S. Nago ◽  
Carl K. Lachat ◽  
Lieven Huybregts ◽  
Dominique Roberfroid ◽  
Romain A. Dossa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sample Distribution ◽  
Food Energy ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Grain Products

The objective of the present study was to document the food, energy and macronutrient contribution of out-of-home prepared foods in school-going adolescents in Cotonou (Benin) and compare the food, energy and macronutrient intakes of low and high out-of-home consumers. We used a cross-sectional study with 24 h dietary recalls on two non-consecutive school days to collect food intake data. Low and high consumers were defined respectively as subjects whose percentage of daily energy intake from out-of-home foods was in the first and the third terciles of the sample distribution. The setting was twelve secondary schools in Cotonou with 656 adolescents aged 13–19 years. Out-of-home prepared foods contributed more than 40 % of the daily energy, fat, protein, carbohydrate and fibre intakes and of the daily weight of food in the adolescents. They were highly present at breakfast and as afternoon snacks in high consumers, providing respectively 94 and 82 % of the energy intake of high consumers at breakfast and as afternoon snacks. Low consumers ate more fruit and vegetables and cereal grain products than high consumers whereas high consumers consumed more sweet energy-dense foods. Both categories had a diet poor in fruit and vegetables (hardly one-fourth of the recommended 400 g) and high in fat. We concluded that out-of-home foods are important in the diet of urban school adolescents in Benin. Therefore, they should be investigated in depth and taken into account in the development of interventions to promote healthy diet and lifestyles in adolescents.

scholarly journals Parental Perception of Weight and Feeding Practices in SchoolChildren: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4014
Author(s):  
Patricia Inclán-López ◽  
Raquel Bartolomé-Gutiérrez ◽  
David Martínez-Castillo ◽  
Joseba Rabanales-Sotos ◽  
Isabel María Guisado-Requena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Status ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental Feeding ◽  
Eating Practices

Childhood obesity has become a public health problem. Parents play an important role in the transmission of feeding habits and the detection of their child′s weight status. The aim was to analyse the prevalence of overweight/obesity and to determine the relationship between children′s weight status, different feeding practices and weight misperception. A cross-sectional study was conducted in randomly selected schools. The children’s weight status was measured, and a questionnaire was used to identify the feeding practices applied by parents and their perception of their children′s weight. The sample comprised 127 children aged 4 and 5 years and 189 aged 10 and 11. Differences were observed between parental feeding practices and weight status, monitoring being the most used practice. Parents use less pressure to eat and more restriction if their children have overweight or obesity. Misperception of weight was 39.6%, being higher in overweight children, who were perceived as normal weight in 53.19%. Children classified as obese were perceived as overweight in 88.23%. The use of inappropriate eating practices shows a need for health education in parents according to weight status. In addition, the parents’ perception should be improved to increase early detection of overweight and start actions or seek professional help.

scholarly journals The association of breakfast skipping and television viewing at breakfast with weight status among parents of 10–12-year-olds in eight European countries; the ENERGY (EuropeaN Energy balance Research to prevent excessive weight Gain among Youth) cross-sectional study

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 906-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helga Birgit Bjørnarå ◽  
Frøydis N Vik ◽  
Johannes Brug ◽  
Yannis Manios ◽  
Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Breakfast Skipping ◽  
Excessive Weight

AbstractObjectiveThe main objective was to assess the relationship of breakfast skipping, television (TV) viewing at breakfast and breakfast without TV with weight status among parents of 10–12-year-olds in eight European countries.DesignA cross-sectional survey assessed breakfast eating and TV viewing at breakfast by three frequency questions and parents were categorized into: (i) breakfast skippers; (ii) breakfast with TV (TV watchers at breakfast); and (iii) breakfast without TV (breakfast eaters who do not watch TV during breakfast). Self-reported weight and height were used to categorize weight status as underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted with weight status as the dependent variable and breakfast habits as predictors, adjusting for sex, ethnicity and level of education.SettingThe survey was conducted in 2010 in 199 primary schools across eight European countries participating in the ENERGY (EuropeaN Energy balance Research to prevent excessive weight Gain among Youth) cross-sectional study.SubjectsParents (n 6512) of 10–12-year-olds responded to the questionnaire.ResultsIn the total study sample, with breakfast without TV as the reference group and adjusting for sex, ethnicity and level of education, the OR of being respectively overweight or obese (compared with normal weight) was 1·2 (95 % CI 1·0, 1·4) or 1·8 (95 % CI 1·5, 2·3) for breakfast skippers. The OR of being respectively underweight or obese was 0·5 (95 % CI 0·2, 0·9) or 1·4 (95 % CI 1·1, 1·8) for breakfast with TV.ConclusionsBreakfast skippers were significantly more likely to be overweight and obese, and those eating breakfast while watching TV were significantly more likely to be obese and less likely to be underweight.

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