scholarly journals Effect of breakfast cereal type on portion size and nutritional implications

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Isabelle M Lewis ◽  
Lucy Boote ◽  
Tom Butler
Keyword(s):  
Portion Size ◽  
Breakfast Cereal ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North West ◽  
Multiple Comparison Test ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Serving Size

Abstract Objective: The present study aimed to assess the effect of different types of breakfast cereal on portion size and the nutritional implications of potential under or overserving. Design: A cross-sectional analysis was performed using one BC from the 7 established BC manufacturing methods (flaking [F], gun puffed [GP], oven puffed [OP], extruded gun puffed [EGP], shredded wholegrain [SW], biscuit formed [BF], and granola). Participants were asked to pour cereal as if they were serving themselves (freepour). Difference between the freepour and recommended serving size (RSS) were calculated (DFR). The Friedman test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test was used to test for a significant differences between cereal categories. Setting: City of Chester, North West of the UK Participants: Adults (n=169; n=110 female, 32±18 years) Results: Freepour values were greater than RSS for all categories of BC. Median values for denser cereals such as SW, granola and oats were significantly (P<0.001) greater than all other categories with granola having the highest median freepour value of 95 g. Median (and range of) DFR weight values for granola were significantly higher than other BCs (50.0 g [-24.0-267.0g], P<0.001). BCs with the lowest median DFRs were F1 (7.0 g [-20-63.0g]), GP (6.0 g [-26.0-69.0g]), EGP (6.0 g [-26.0-56.0g]), OP (5.0 g [-27.0-53.0g]), and BF (0.0 g [-28.2-56.4g]). Conclusions: The degree of overserving may be related to the type of BC with denser cereals more readily overserved. Encouraging manufacturers to reformulate cereals and improving their nutritional properties may have benefit in reducing excess energy intake.

scholarly journals The nutritional content of supermarket beverages: a cross-sectional analysis of New Zealand, Australia, Canada and the UK

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 2507-2516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne Chepulis ◽  
Gael Mearns ◽  
Shaunie Hill ◽  
Jason HY Wu ◽  
Michelle Crino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Serving Size

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the nutritional content, serving size and taxation potential of supermarket beverages from four different Western countries.DesignCross-sectional analysis. Multivariate regression analysis and χ2 comparisons were used to detect differences between countries.SettingSupermarkets in New Zealand (NZ), Australia, Canada and the UK.SubjectsSupermarket beverages in the following categories: fruit juices, fruit-based drinks, carbonated soda, waters and sports/energy drinks.ResultsA total of 4157 products were analysed, including 749 from NZ, 1738 from Australia, 740 from Canada and 930 from the UK. NZ had the highest percentage of beverages with sugar added to them (52 %), while the UK had the lowest (9 %, P<0·001). Differences in energy, carbohydrate and sugar content were observed between countries and within categories, with UK products generally having the lowest energy and sugar content. Up to half of all products across categories/countries exceeded the US Food and Drug Administration’s reference single serving sizes, with fruit juices contributing the greatest number. Between 47 and 83 % of beverages in the different countries were eligible for sugar taxation, the UK having the lowest proportion of products in both the low tax (5–8 % sugar) and high tax (>8 % sugar) categories.ConclusionsThere is substantial difference between countries in the mean energy, serving size and proportion of products eligible for fiscal sugar taxation. Current self-regulatory approaches used in these countries may not be effective to reduce the availability, marketing and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and subsequent intake of free sugars.

scholarly journals Downregulation of exosomal let-7d and miR-16 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donato Lacedonia ◽  
Giulia Scioscia ◽  
Piera Soccio ◽  
Massimo Conese ◽  
Lucia Catucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Therapy Response ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exosomal Mirnas ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Made In

Abstract Background Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a degenerative interstitial lung disease with both a poor prognosis and quality of life once the diagnosis is made. In the last decade many features of the disease have been investigated to better understand the pathological steps that lead to the onset of the disease and, moreover, different types of biomarkers have been tested to find valid diagnostic, prognostic and therapy response predictive ones. In the complexity of IPF, microRNA (miRNAs) biomarker investigation seems to be promising. Methods We analysed the expression of five exosomal miRNAs supposed to have a role in the pathogenesis of the disease from serum of a group of IPF patients (n = 61) and we compared it with the expression of the same miRNAs in a group of healthy controls (n = 15). Results In the current study what emerged is let-7d down-regulation and, unexpectedly, miR-16 significant down-regulation. Moreover, through a cross-sectional analysis, a clustering of the expression of miR-16, miR-21 and miR-26a was found. Conclusions These findings could help the individuation of previously unknown key players in the pathophysiology of IPF and, most interestingly, more specific targets for the development of effective medications.

scholarly journals Is Environmental and Occupational Particulate Air Pollution Exposure Related to Type-2 Diabetes and Dementia? A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the UK Biobank

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9581
Author(s):  
Eirini Dimakakou ◽  
Helinor J. Johnston ◽  
George Streftaris ◽  
John W. Cherrie
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Environmental Exposure ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Job Exposure Matrix ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Particulate Air Pollution ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Human exposure to particulate air pollution (e.g., PM2.5) can lead to adverse health effects, with compelling evidence that it can increase morbidity and mortality from respiratory and cardiovascular disease. More recently, there has also been evidence that long-term environmental exposure to particulate air pollution is associated with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and dementia. There are many occupations that may expose workers to airborne particles and that some exposures in the workplace are very similar to environmental particulate pollution. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the UK Biobank cohort to verify the association between environmental particulate air pollution (PM2.5) exposure and T2DM and dementia, and to investigate if occupational exposure to particulates that are similar to those found in environmental air pollution could increase the odds of developing these diseases. The UK Biobank dataset comprises of over 500,000 participants from all over the UK. Environmental exposure variables were used from the UK Biobank. To estimate occupational exposure both the UK Biobank’s data and information from a job exposure matrix, specifically developed for UK Biobank (Airborne Chemical Exposure–Job Exposure Matrix (ACE JEM)), were used. The outcome measures were participants with T2DM and dementia. In appropriately adjusted models, environmental exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.02 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.03) per unit exposure for developing T2DM, while PM2.5 was associated with an odds ratio of 1.06 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.16) per unit exposure for developing dementia. These environmental results align with existing findings in the published literature. Five occupational exposures (dust, fumes, diesel, mineral, and biological dust in the most recent job estimated with the ACE JEM) were investigated and the risks for most exposures for T2DM and for all the exposures for dementia were not significantly increased in the adjusted models. This was confirmed in a subgroup of participants where a full occupational history was available allowed an estimate of workplace exposures. However, when not adjusting for gender, some of the associations become significant, which suggests that there might be a bias between the occupational assessments for men and women. The results of the present study do not provide clear evidence of an association between occupational exposure to particulate matter and T2DM or dementia.

scholarly journals Physical activity of subjects aged 50–64 years involved in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (6b) ◽  
pp. 1163-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Haftenberger ◽  
AJ Schuit ◽  
MJ Tormo ◽  
H Boeing ◽  
N Wareham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Adjusted Means ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Prospective Investigation

AbstractObjective:To describe physical activity of participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).Design:A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data of a European prospective cohort study.Subjects:This analysis was restricted to participants in the age group 50–64 years, which was represented in all EPIC centres. It involved 236 386 participants from 25 centres in nine countries. In each EPIC centre, physical activity was assessed by standardised and validated questions. Frequency distribution of type of professional activity and participation in non-professional activities, and age-adjusted means, medians and percentiles of time dedicated to non-professional activities are presented for men and women from each centre.Results:Professional activity was most frequently classified as sedentary or standing in all centres. There was a wide variation regarding participation in different types of non-professional activities and time dedicated to these activities across EPIC centres. Over 80% of all EPIC participants engaged in walking, while less than 50% of the subjects participated in sport. Total time dedicated to recreational activities was highest among the Dutch participants and lowest among men from Malmö (Sweden) and women from Naples (Italy). In all centres, total time dedicated to recreational activity in the summer was higher than in the winter. Women from southern Europe spent the most time on housekeeping.Conclusions:There is a considerable variation of physical activity across EPIC centres. This variation was especially evident for recreational activities in both men and women.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document