scholarly journals Sentinel surveillance systems with special focus on vector-borne diseases

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Racloz ◽  
C. Griot ◽  
K. D. C. Stärk
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Targeted Agent ◽  
Bluetongue Disease ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Cattle Herds

In the past few decades, vector-borne diseases have been spreading into countries previously free of these agents. It is necessary for a surveillance method to be tailored to the biology of these agents in order to detect their incursion. Using a sentinel herd system, it is possible to target high-risk areas where occurrence is most probably due to vector presence. Since the 1970s, diseases such as Akabane, vesicular stomatitis and Bluetongue disease have successfully been monitored using cattle herds as sentinels in many countries such as Saudi Arabia, Australia, China, Indonesia, Sultanate of Oman and most recently in countries in Western Europe. This paper reviews the strengths and weaknesses of sentinel herd surveillance systems in general. In order to determine their efficacy, the following criteria were found to be essential: the choice of sentinel locations, sentinel animal, seasonality of sampling and diagnostic testing methods. We conclude that due to its ability to focus on a specific disease, sentinel herd systems have been successful in the early detection of the spread of a targeted agent. This review is used as a basis for recommendations for the development of future sentinel herd systems.

scholarly journals Effective surveillance systems for vector-borne diseases in urban settings and translation of the data into action: a scoping review

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Fournet ◽  
Frédéric Jourdain ◽  
Emmanuel Bonnet ◽  
Stéphanie Degroote ◽  
Valéry Ridde
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne

Vector-borne disease distributions and risks to the UK

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 210-217
Author(s):  
Donato Traversa
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Control ◽  
North Western ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

In the recent decades, the geographic distribution of vector-borne diseases (VBDs) of dogs and cats has changed for intrinsic and extrinsic reasons. Therefore some infections/infestations, some of zoonotic concern, have been recorded in geographic areas where they were unexpected. In Europe, arthropods (e.g. ticks, fleas, mosquitoes and sand flies) and the pathogens that they transmit are in general considered to be more frequent in the Mediterranean Basin. Nonetheless, a possible occurrence in other regions should not be a priori excluded, given that travels of animals (to or imported from endemic areas), movements of goods and global warming all may foster the introduction of vectors and/or transmitted pathogens in previously free areas. This could also be the case in the UK, which, because of its territorial characteristics as an island area in north-western Europe, is traditionally considered at minor risk of VBDs. Given the growing increase of movements and travels of pets, and changes in the phenology of many arthropod vectors, it is crucial that veterinary practitioners are aware of and prepared to diagnose, treat and control a series of unexpected diseases.

scholarly journals Purification, Stability, and Immunogenicity Analyses of Five Bluetongue Virus Proteins for Use in Development of a Subunit Vaccine That Allows Differentiation of Infected from Vaccinated Animals

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna Anderson ◽  
Emmanuel Bréard ◽  
Karin Lövgren Bengtsson ◽  
Kjell-Olov Grönvik ◽  
Stéphan Zientara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Subunit Vaccine ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
A Subunit ◽  
Bluetongue Disease ◽  
Vector Borne

ABSTRACTBluetongue virus (BTV) causes bluetongue disease, a vector-borne disease of ruminants. The recent northerly spread of BTV serotype 8 in Europe resulted in outbreaks characterized by clinical signs in cattle, including unusual teratogenic effects. Vaccination has been shown to be crucial for controlling the spread of vector-borne diseases such as BTV. With the aim of developing a novel subunit vaccine targeting BTV-8 that allows differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals, five His-tagged recombinant proteins, VP2 and VP5 of BTV-8 and NS1, NS2, and NS3 of BTV-2, were expressed in baculovirus orEscherichia coliexpression systems for further study. Optimized purification protocols were determined for VP2, NS1, NS2, and NS3, which remained stable for detection for at least 560 to 610 days of storage at +4°C or −80°C, and Western blotting using sera from vaccinated or experimentally infected cattle indicated that VP2 and NS2 were recognized by BTV-specific antibodies. To characterize murine immune responses to the four proteins, mice were subcutaneously immunized twice at a 4-week interval with one of three protein combinations plus immunostimulating complex ISCOM-Matrix adjuvant or with ISCOM-Matrix alone (n= 6 per group). Significantly higher serum IgG antibody titers specific for VP2 and NS2 were detected in immunized mice than were detected in controls. VP2, NS1, and NS2 but not NS3 induced specific lymphocyte proliferative responses upon restimulation of spleen cells from immunized mice. The data suggest that these recombinant purified proteins, VP2, NS1, and NS2, could be an important part of a novel vaccine design against BTV-8.

Vector-borne disease distributions and risks to the UK

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Donato Traversa
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Control ◽  
North Western ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

In the recent decades, the geographic distribution of vector-borne diseases (VBDs) of dogs and cats has changed for intrinsic and extrinsic reasons. Therefore some infections/infestations, some of zoonotic concern, have been recorded in geographic areas where they were unexpected. In Europe, arthropods (e.g. ticks, fleas, mosquitoes and sand flies) and the pathogens that they transmit are in general considered to be more frequent in the Mediterranean Basin. Nonetheless, a possible occurrence in other regions should not be a priori excluded, given that travels of animals (to or imported from endemic areas), movements of goods and global warming all may foster the introduction of vectors and/or transmitted pathogens in previously free areas. This could also be the case in the UK, which, because of its territorial characteristics as an island area in north-western Europe, is traditionally considered at minor risk of VBDs. Given the growing increase of movements and travels of pets, and changes in the phenology of many arthropod vectors, it is crucial that veterinary practitioners are aware of and prepared to diagnose, treat and control a series of unexpected diseases.

Adaptation of Animal and Human Health Surveillance Systems for Vector-Borne Diseases Accompanying Climate Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 694-704
Author(s):  
Sam F. Halabi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Disease Surveillance System ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Inspection Service

Anthropogenic climate change is causing temperature rise in temperate zones resulting in climate conditions more similar to subtropical zones. As a result, rising temperatures increase the range of disease-carrying insects to new areas outside of subtropical zones, and increased precipitation causes flooding that is more hospitable for vector breeding. State governments, the federal government, and governmental agencies, like the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of USDA and the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (NNDSS) of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, lack a coordinated plan for vector-borne disease accompanying climate change. APHIS focuses its surveillance primarily on the effect of illness on agricultural production, while NNDSS focuses on the emergence of pathogens affecting human health. This article provides an analysis of the current framework of surveillance of, and response to, vector-borne infectious diseases, the impacts of climate change on the spread of vector-borne infectious diseases, and recommends changes to federal law to address these threats.

scholarly journals 1634. A Mobile Application for Management and Surveillance of Vector-borne Diseases in Cali, Colombia: An Evaluation of Usability and Acceptability in a Hospital Setting

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S596-S596
Author(s):  
Sarita Rodriguez ◽  
Ana M Sanz ◽  
Gonzalo Llano ◽  
Andres Navarro ◽  
Luis Gabriel Parra-Lara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioners ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne

Abstract Background Vector-borne diseases are a public health problem in Colombia, an area that has become hyperendemic for dengue virus. This situation has been aggravated by the introduction of other arboviruses such as chikungunya and Zika in the last 3 years. Mobile health (mHealth) offers new strategies for strengthening healthcare and surveillance systems. A large number of mHealth tools are available; however, very few have been evaluated regarding usability and acceptability. This study aimed to evaluate the usability and acceptability of a mobile application, FeverDX, as a support tool in the management of patients with febrile syndrome and suspected vector-borne infection by general practitioners from Colombia. Methods The usability and acceptability of FeverDX were evaluated using the modified version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale (uMARS). The evaluation included aspects of content, user engagement, functionality, user-interface design, impact, and subjective quality. Results Between December 2016 and January 2017, a total of 20 general practitioners evaluated FeverDX. Seventy-five percent of the evaluators reported being aware of the Colombian Ministry of Health guidelines for diagnosis and management of arboviruses. 80% of evaluators partially or completely agreed the application information agreed with management guidelines. On uMARS scale, FeverDX excelled regarding impact (median = 5/5, IQR = 5–5); functionality (5/5, 4.8–5); and information and scientific basis (4/5, 4-4). FeverDX scored well regarding user feedback (median = 4/5, IQR = 4–4.5); design and esthetics (4/5, 4–4.3); and subjective assessment of quality (4.5/5, 4.3–4.8). Conclusion Despite a large number of mHealth tools available, the literature lacks evaluated and evidence-based mobile technology. Applying Information and Communications Technologies in health areas can strengthen care processes and facilitate the detection and reporting of reportable surveillance diseases. Assess the usability and acceptability of mobile health applications increases the reliability of these technologies. The mobile app, FeverDx, can improve adherence to guidelines for management and prevention of prevalent diseases. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Will integrated surveillance systems for vectors and vector-borne diseases be the future of controlling vector-borne diseases? A practical example from China

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (9) ◽  
pp. 1895-1903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. WU ◽  
F. LING ◽  
J. HOU ◽  
S. GUO ◽  
J. WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Disease Monitoring ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Control Vector ◽  
Notifiable Disease ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne

SUMMARYVector-borne diseases are one of the world's major public health threats and annually responsible for 30–50% of deaths reported to the national notifiable disease system in China. To control vector-borne diseases, a unified, effective and economic surveillance system is urgently needed; all of the current surveillance systems in China waste resources and/or information. Here, we review some current surveillance systems and present a concept for an integrated surveillance system combining existing vector and vector-borne disease monitoring systems. The integrated surveillance system has been tested in pilot programmes in China and led to a 21·6% cost saving in rodent-borne disease surveillance. We share some experiences gained from these programmes.

Vector-borne diseases and poisonous plants

2018 ◽  
pp. 202-206
Author(s):  
David Wong
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Environmental Hazards ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Poisonous Plants ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Potential Contact ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Suitable Habitats

Vector-borne diseases, poisonous plants, and other environmental hazards are potentially encountered by outdoor recreationalists. Vector-borne diseases are found worldwide, particularly in tropical, subtropical, and temperate climates where suitable habitats support vector populations and their associated pathogens. The relative risk from vector species (e.g. ticks, mosquitoes, fleas) and the prevalence of specific vector-borne pathogens vary by continent. Recreationalists should be aware of or inquire about local disease risks from health agencies, educate others about these risks, and adhere to personal protective measures that can greatly reduce transmission risk. Broadly, these measures include using insect repellents, wearing long-sleeved shirts and trousers where possible, and avoiding high-risk areas (e.g. forest edges for tick-borne diseases) or high-risk time periods (e.g. dawn and dusk for mosquito-borne diseases) to decrease potential contact with vectors. Education and awareness is the most effective strategy for preventing vector-borne diseases and exposure to poisonous plants and other environmental hazards.

The Spread of Mosquito Borne Disease – Is Climate Change Beginning to Bite?

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 192-194
Author(s):  
John (Luke) Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne

The author considers the threat to vector-borne diseases in the light of climate change.

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