scholarly journals Societal pessimism in Japan, the United States, and The Netherlands

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
PEPIJN VAN HOUWELINGEN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Theoretical Argument ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Japanese Students ◽  
The Past

AbstractThis paper starts out with a theoretical argument, based on panel data, that public mood in general and societal pessimism in particular should be measured from an explicitly temporal perspective. Next, based on a survey among more than 200 Japanese students and a wide array of existing (longitudinal) data sources in three different languages and covering several decades it is shown that public mood in three quite different countries – first and foremost Japan, but also the United States and The Netherlands – is quite apprehensive. In all these three countries societal pessimism can be observed during the past quarter century. Finally, utilizing a MDSD approach a few possible tentative explanations for this observed pessimism are sought.

Waking Up in the Poll Booth

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 901-910
Author(s):  
Robert E. Goodin ◽  
James Mahmud Rice
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Election Campaign ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Waking Up

Judging from Gallup Polls in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia, opinion often changes during an election campaign. Come election day itself, however, opinion often reverts back nearer to where it was before the campaign began. That that happens even in Australia, where voting is compulsory and turnout is near-universal, suggests that differential turnout among those who have and have not been influenced by the campaign is not the whole story. Inspection of individual-level panel data from 1987 and 2005 British General Elections confirms that between 3 and 5 percent of voters switch voting intentions during the campaign, only to switch back toward their original intentions on election day. One explanation, we suggest, is that people become more responsible when stepping into the poll booth: when voting they reflect back on the government's whole time in office, rather than just responding (as when talking to pollsters) to the noise of the past few days' campaigning. Inspection of Gallup Polls for UK snap elections suggests that this effect is even stronger in elections that were in that sense unanticipated.

Seismic Design Requirements for Regions of Moderate Seismicity

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy J. P. Nordenson ◽  
Glenn R. Bell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Seismic Codes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Moderate Seismicity ◽  
High Seismicity

The need for earthquake-resistant construction in areas of low-to-moderate seismicity has been recognized through the adoption of code requirements in the United States and other countries only in the past quarter century. This is largely a result of improved assessment of seismic hazard and examples of recent moderate earthquakes in regions of both moderate and high seismicity, including the San Fernando (1971), Mexico City (1985), Loma Prieta (1989), and Northridge (1994) earthquakes. In addition, improved understanding and estimates of older earthquakes in the eastern United States such as Cape Ann (1755), La Malbaie, Quebec (1925), and Ossippe, New Hampshire (1940), as well as monitoring of micro-activity in source areas such as La Malbaie, have increased awareness of the earthquake potential in areas of low-to-moderate seismicity. Both the hazard and the risk in moderate seismic zones (MSZs) differ in scale and kind from those of the zones of high seismicity. Earthquake hazards mitigation measures for new and existing construction need to be adapted from those prevailing in regions of high seismicity in recognition of these differences. Site effects are likely to dominate the damage patterns from earthquakes, with some sites suffering no damage not far from others, on soft soil, suffering near collapse. A number of new seismic codes have been developed in the past quarter century in response to these differences, including the New York City (1995) and the Massachusetts State (1975) seismic codes. Over the same period, the national model building codes that apply to most areas of low-to-moderate seismicity in the United States, the Building Officials and Code Administrators (BOCA) Code and the Southern Standard Building Code (SSBC), have incorporated up-to-date seismic provisions. The seismic provisions of these codes have been largely inspired by the National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (NEHRP) recommendations. Through adoption of these national codes, many state and local authorities in areas of low-to-moderate seismicity now have reasonably comprehensive seismic design provisions. This paper will review the background and history leading up to the MSZ codes, discuss their content, and propose directions for future development.

Kindersterfte in Nederland (Child Mortality in the Nttherlands)

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 540-541
Author(s):  
HAROLD JACOBZINER
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Perinatal Mortality ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Age ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
The Past

This book presents an excellent analysis of child mortality in the Netherlands. It traces the evolution of the decreases oven the past 75 years and predicts future trends. Since 1900 infant mortality decreased by 85% in the Netherlands. The preschool mortality showed a decline of 91% and mortality among the school age child was reduced by 83%. Child mortality was thus reduced at all age groups. The problem of infant mortality in the Netherlands like in the United States, is mainly the problem of the newborn, the bulk of the deaths in the infant group being due to perinatal mortality.

The Specie Standard and Central Banking in the United States Before 1860

1961 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Timberlake
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Federal Reserve ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central Banking ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dark Ages ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
Reserve System

Central banking institutions during the past quarter-century have been almost free of the constraints that inhibited their actions during the nineteenth century. The special conditions under which earlier central banking institutions were formed and operated frequently have been lost to view; and while contemporary observers have come to regard the first two Banks of the United States sympathetically, the functional evolution of these institutions within the framework of specie standards has been largely neglected. The period between the end of the Second Bank and the organization of the Federal Reserve System is subsequently treated as the Dark Ages of monetary policy, better forgotten than deplored.

Gustave Doré and the Modern Biblical Imagination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah C. Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stained Glass ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Religious Paintings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magic Lantern

Gustave Doré and the Modern Biblical Imagination explores the role of biblical imagery in modernity through the lens of Gustave Doré (1832–83), whose work is among the most reproduced and adapted scriptural imagery in the history of Judeo-Christianity. First published in France in late 1865, Doré’s Bible illustrations received widespread critical acclaim among both religious and lay audiences, and the next several decades saw unprecedented dissemination of the images on an international scale. In 1868, the Doré Gallery opened in London, featuring monumental religious paintings that drew 2.5 million visitors over the course of a quarter century; when the gallery’s holdings traveled to the United States in 1892, exhibitions at venues such as the Art Institute of Chicago drew record crowds. The United States saw the most creative appropriations of Doré’s images among a plethora of media, from prayer cards and magic lantern slides to massive stained-glass windows and the spectacular epic films of Cecil B. DeMille. This book repositions biblical imagery at the center of modernity, an era that has often been defined through a process of secularization. The veracity and authority of the Bible came under unprecedented scrutiny and were at the center of a range of historical, theological, and cultural debates. Gustave Doré is at the nexus of these narratives, as his work established the most pervasive visual language for biblical imagery in the past two and a half centuries and constitutes the means by which the Bible has persistently been translated visually for modern audiences.

scholarly journals The National Death Index as a Source of Homicide Data: A Methodological Exposition of Promises and Pitfalls for Criminologists

2020 ◽  
pp. 108876792092445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Tostlebe ◽  
David C. Pyrooz ◽  
Richard G. Rogers ◽  
Ryan K. Masters
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gang Member ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
National Death Index ◽  
Health Statistics ◽  
Gang Members ◽  
The Past

Criminologists largely rely on national deidentified data sources to study homicide in the United States. The National Death Index (NDI), a comprehensive and well-established database compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics, is an untapped source of homicide data that offers identifiable linkages to other data sources while retaining national coverage. This study’s five aims follow. First, we review the data sources in articles published in Homicide Studies over the past decade. Second, we describe the NDI, including its origins, procedures, and uses. Third, we outline the procedures for linking a police gang intelligence database to the NDI. Fourth, we introduce the St. Louis Gang Member-Linked Mortality Files database, which is composed of 3,120 police-identified male gang members in the St. Louis area linked to NDI records. Finally, we report on preliminary cause-of-death findings. We conclude by outlining the benefits and drawbacks of the NDI as a source of homicide data for criminologists.

The “Temperance Mentality”: A Comparison of University Students in Seven Countries

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce K. Alexander ◽  
Gary A. Dawes ◽  
Govert F. van de Wijngaart ◽  
Hans C. Ossebaard ◽  
Michael D. Maraun
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
University Students ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Drug Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Drugs And Alcohol ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand

In response to a ‘temperance mentality’ questionnaire, university students from Iran, Bulgaria, the United States, and Italy expressed more support for ‘temperance moralism’ than did students from Canada, Ireland, and the Netherlands. On the other hand, students from all seven countries generally supported ‘non-moralistic drug prohibitionism,’ an attitude that appears more compatible with the contemporary harm-reduction movement. In every sample, students expressed more support for temperance items that were directed towards drugs and alcohol than they did for items that were directed at alcohol alone. We argue that understanding the “temperance mentality” on a transnational level may help society to avoid repeating some of the drug policy excesses of the past.

scholarly journals Knut Hamsun at the movies in transnational contexts

Nordlit ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Arne Lunde
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
The United States ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Silent Cinema ◽  
The Past ◽  
Knut Hamsun

 This historical overview examines how the literary works of Knut Hamsun have been adapted into films over the past century, from early silent cinema to the digital age. It traces how different national and transnational cinemas have appropriated the author's texts at different historical moments. Nazi propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels, for example, took a keen interest in two Third Reich adaptations of Hamsun novels (Victoria and Pan) in the 1930s. Pan remains the Hamsun novel most frequently adapted, while Henning Carlsen's 1966 pan-Scandinavian version of Hunger is arguably the artistic highpoint to date. Nations producing or co-producing Hamsun films include Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Russia, the United States, and Canada (Guy Maddin's 1997 Twilight of the Ice Nymphs). Hamsun at the movies has shown remarkable elasticity, crossing multiple borders, and being appropriated by disparate national cinemas for surprisingly diverse ends.

US-Cuban Relations in the 1980s: Issues and Policies

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge I. Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government

Should the United States go to war with Cuba? If not, what should be the policy of the US government toward Cuba? What should be Cuban policies toward the United States and the Soviet Union? Should Cuba increase or decrease its worldwide commitments and should it emphasize formal or informal foreign policy instruments? These have been the central questions affecting US-Cuban relations during the past quarter century. This essay endeavors to address some of the aspects they raise for US-Cuban relations for the remainder of the decade.

scholarly journals Christian ethical perspectives on marriage and family life in modern Western culture

2008 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Vorster
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Family Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theoretical Argument ◽  
Clear Indication ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
The Past ◽  
Family Patterns ◽  
Marriage Contract

The past four decades witnessed a tremendous and wide-ranging change in family patterns in Western societies. Amongst these changes are phenomena such as growing number of divorces, births out-of-wedlock, and the absence of fathers because of globalisation, same-sex marriages and cohabitation of people without a marriage contract. Western societies are typified as “highdivorce societies”. Furthermore, in the United States the number of couples cohabiting has increased eightfold since 1970 and it is fair to conclude that the situation is similar in other Western societies. The purpose of the article is to deal with these patterns from a Reformed perspective. The central theoretical argument is that these developments can be perceived as a crisis in view of the Biblical perspectives on marriage and family life. However, the Biblical perspectives not only offer a clear indication of healthy marriage and family life entail, but also indicate that a Christian attitude in marriage and family life can serve as a remedy for the damage caused by the new trends.

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