scholarly journals Scaling-up reasoning and advanced analytics on BigData

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 806-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
TYSON CONDIE ◽  
ARIYAM DAS ◽  
MATTEO INTERLANDI ◽  
ALEXANDER SHKAPSKY ◽  
MOHAN YANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relational Databases ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Apache Spark ◽  
Deductive Database ◽  
System Level ◽  
Multicore Systems ◽  
Graph Analytics ◽  
Magic Sets ◽  
Relational Systems ◽  
Using Data

AbstractBigDatalog is an extension of Datalog that achieves performance and scalability on both Apache Spark and multicore systems to the point that its graph analytics outperform those written in GraphX. Looking back, we see how this realizes the ambitious goal pursued by deductive database researchers beginning 40 years ago: this is the goal of combining the rigor and power of logic in expressing queries and reasoning with the performance and scalability by which relational databases managed BigData. This goal led to Datalog which is based on Horn Clauses like Prolog but employs implementation techniques, such as semi-naïve fixpoint and magic sets, that extend the bottom-up computation model of relational systems, and thus obtain the performance and scalability that relational systems had achieved, as far back as the 80s, using data-parallelization on shared-nothing architectures. But this goal proved difficult to achieve because of major issues at (i) the language level and (ii) at the system level. The paper describes how (i) was addressed by simple rules under which the fixpoint semantics extends to programs using count, sum and extrema in recursion, and (ii) was tamed by parallel compilation techniques that achieve scalability on multicore systems and Apache Spark. This paper is under consideration for acceptance in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming.

Hedonic experiences at heritage attractions: the visitor’s perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Bender ◽  
Manuela Guerreiro ◽  
Bernardete Dias Sequeira ◽  
Júlio Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
Hedonic Experience ◽  
Using Data

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the hedonic experience and its formation at heritage attractions. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative and exploratory approach was applied, using data from 21 semi-structured interviews and three in-situ focus groups. Findings Findings highlight that senses, imagery and emotions are stimulated by the physical landscape and by triggers of memorable experiences. Research limitations/implications To further explore this topic, a broader range of heritage attractions and perspectives from the diverse stakeholders involved in the management and consumption of these sites is needed. Originality/value Given the scarcity of research dedicated to the hedonic experience at heritage sites, this study provides a contribution by exploring the visitor’s perspective and points out relevant insights. As the hedonic feelings of pleasure, comfort and related affective responses impact the quality of memorable experiences, relevant implications for theory and practice are discussed.

Do charter schools alleviate the negative effect of teacher turnover?

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karlerik Naslund ◽  
Branco Ponomariov
Keyword(s):  
Student Achievement ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
School Districts ◽  
Charter Schools ◽  
Teacher Turnover ◽  
Public School Districts ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Labor Practices ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Using Data

Using data on charter and public school districts in Texas, we test the hypothesis that the labor practices in charter schools, in particular their ability to easily dismiss poorly performing teachers, diminishes the negative effect of teacher turnover on student achievement and graduation rates in comparison to public schools. We find some support for this hypothesis, and discuss implications for theory and practice.

Abstract P183: Minimal Impact of JAMA 2014 Guidelines on Blood Pressure Control in a Large Health System

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex R Chang ◽  
J E Hartle ◽  
Lawrence Appel ◽  
Morgan Grams
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Health System ◽  
Blood Pressure Control ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
System Level ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Using Data

Background: JAMA 2014 blood pressure (BP) guidelines raised BP goals for adults older than 60 years (from <140/90 to <150/90) and adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or diabetes (from < 130/80 to <140/90). It is unknown whether there were changes in BP control at the health system level after guideline publication. Methods: Using data from 288,962 adults receiving primary care in the Geisinger Health System, we compared blood pressure control over 1-year time periods before and after the February 2014 publication of the JAMA 2014 BP guidelines (i.e. Aug 2012-July 2013 vs Aug 2014-July 2015). Mixed effects models were used, allowing intercepts to vary by individual, adjusted for age, gender, and race. Results: Mean age was 49.2 ± 18.3 y, 56.7% were female, and 2.5% were black. Prevalence of diagnoses for hypertension, diabetes, and CKD were 40.0%, 15.1%, and 11.4%, respectively. Overall, distributions of systolic BP were similar before and after JAMA 2014 BP guidelines (Figure). BP control <140/90 was also similar between the two periods for adults 18-59 y (90.9% vs. 90.3%; OR 1.01, 95% CI: 0.99-1.02; p=0.3), adults ≥ 60 y (81.8% vs 82.2%; OR 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.03; p=0.05), and adults with diabetes (83.2% vs. 82.7%; OR 1.00, 95% CI: 0.99-1.02; p=0.7) whereas BP control <140/90 improved slightly for adults with CKD (81.7% vs. 82.1%; OR 1.06, 95% CI: 1.04-1.08; p<0.001). BP control <130/80 was marginally worse after JAMA 2014 BP guidelines in patients with diabetes (53.5% vs. 51.8%; OR 0.98, 95% CI: 0.96-0.99; p=0.01). Trends were similar in analyses only including patients with hypertension diagnoses (overall 78.6% vs. 78.2%, OR 1.00, 95% CI: 0.99-1.02; p=0.5), and when using a goal of < 130/80 for patients with CKD (53.3% vs. 53.5%; OR 1.06, 95% CI: 1.04-1.08; p<0.001). Conclusion: There was little change in blood pressure control in a large integrated health system after publication of the JAMA 2014 BP guidelines. These findings are reassuring given recent findings from the SPRINT trial supporting lower BP goals.

Assessing Cross-Sector Stakeholder Perspectives on Oakland (CA)’s Juvenile Reentry System

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-124
Author(s):  
Sonia Jain-Aghi ◽  
Alison K. Cohen ◽  
Priya Jagannathan ◽  
Henrissa Bassey ◽  
Yvette Leung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Family Engagement ◽  
System Level ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Stakeholder Perspectives ◽  
Community Perspectives ◽  
Education Community ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Second Chance

We surveyed 75 staff and administrators involved in Oakland (CA)’s Second Chance Initiative from diverse agencies (e.g., probation, behavioral health, public health/medical, education, community-based service providers) to assess the local juvenile reentry system. Sharing and using data across partner agencies, mutual trust, opportunities for interagency collaboration, system-level youth and family engagement, shared governance, and limited resources repeatedly arose as areas for improvement. Many defined reentry success using positive youth developmental outcomes. Government and community perspectives around barriers and effectiveness often differed with some similarities.

IT Enabled Organisational Agility

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunshi Mao ◽  
Jing Quan
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pearl River Delta Region ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Pearl River ◽  
Organisational Agility

This paper examines the role of information technology (IT) in enabling organisational agility. The authors focus on two IT capabilities, IT exploration and IT exploitation. On the basis of conceptualisation of the capability lifecycle and a hierarchy of dynamic capabilities, the authors establish a theoretical linkage between lower-order capability and higher-order capability, i.e., IT exploration capability to IT exploitation capability to organisational agility. Using the partial least square approach, the authors empirically test the proposed relationships using data from 289 manufacturers in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong province, People's Republic of China. Our results suggest the positive effects of IT exploration and exploitation capabilities on customer, operational and partner agilities. In addition, the authors find that IT exploitation capability mediates the relationship between IT exploration capability and organisational agility. On the basis of our findings, implications for theory and practice as well as future research opportunities are discussed.

The Effects of Family Versus Career Role Salience on the Performance of Family and Nonfamily Firms

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Barnett ◽  
Kimberly Eddleston ◽  
Franz Willi Kellermanns
Keyword(s):  
Family Firms ◽  
Family Firm ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Role Salience ◽  
Family Versus ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated how the relative salience of business owners' family and career roles might influence performance outcomes in family versus nonfamily firms. Using data from 156 family and nonfamily firms, the data show that family firm status moderates the relationships such that the career role salience of a business owner is positively and more strongly associated with performance outcomes in family firms than in nonfamily firms. Conversely, the data show that family firm status negatively moderates the relationship between the business owner's family role salience and expansion activities. Implications for theory and practice, as well as future research directions, are discussed.

Theory and Practice of Relational Databases

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Stanczyk ◽  
Bob Champion ◽  
Richard Leyton
Keyword(s):  
Relational Databases ◽  
Theory And Practice

Theory and Practice of Relational Databases

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Stanczyk ◽  
Bob Champion ◽  
Richard Leyton
Keyword(s):  
Relational Databases ◽  
Theory And Practice

The Comparative Analysis of Coalition Formation and Duration: Distinguishing Between-Country and Within-Country Effect

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Grofman
Keyword(s):  
Coalition Formation ◽  
Causal Structure ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
System Level ◽  
National Data ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Number Of Parties ◽  
Minimal Winning Coalitions ◽  
Cross National

Dodd is generally credited with providing clear empirical support for the proposition that, in the period after the Second World War, minimal winning coalitions in European party governments will tend to last longer in office than non-minimal winning coalitions. There has been a considerable body of research on this and related questions. Dodd, as well as most other authors treating cabinet coalition formation, has attempted to model features of cabinet formation such as cabinet duration or cabinet type (e.g. minimal winning v. minority government v. oversized coalitions) largely or entirely using data pooled from all cabinets in each of a number of different countries over some considerable time period. One difficulty with this method is that system-level variables (such as number of parties, or the presence of large anti-system parties), which might be able to explain aggregate-level between-county variations in cabinet type or cabinet durability, are not likely to be the same variables that are useful in explaining within-country differences. A second difficulty is that certain system-level characteristics such as effective number of parties or number of cleavage dimensions are highly correlated with both cabinet type and cabinet duration and, as a consequence, these variables are highly correlated with one another when pooled cross-national data are used. Thus, if the analyst is not very careful, results of pooled cross-national data may lead to mistakes about causal structure and a confusion of within-country and between-country effects.

scholarly journals On the role of interdisciplinary, transdiscliprinary, and philosophical knowledge in modern higher education

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 01017
Author(s):  
Zoya D. Denikina ◽  
Anatoly V. Denikin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
System Level ◽  
Practical Solution ◽  
Classical Education ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject

The article traces the substantial and functional evolution of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary knowledge and its integration into the theory and practice of higher education. The method of distinguishing between classical, non-classical, and post-non-classical rationality is used to disclose the specifics of university transdisciplinarity. The proposed hypothesis suggests that in non-classical and post-non-classical education, different types of studied objectivity exist while when the subject boundaries are fixed, various forms of subject uncertainty are observed. Difficulties in the practice of non-classical education are associated with the objective of overcoming double uncertainty. In one case, the onedimensionality of the study depends on the choice of ontological conditions that are only sufficient for a given monodiscipline. In another case, the task of combining the intervals of studying a subject in the framework of multidisciplinary knowledge is being solved. Transdisciplinarity manifests primarily through educational modeling technologies. What can be attributed to the specifics of post-non-classical education is the study of two types of objectivity: the system-level reality in cases of severe disequilibrium and the system-operational reality in cases of mild disequilibrium. Thus, the subject area demonstrates substantial and systemic uncertainty. It is concluded that the study of systemic objects as a part of the educational process requires interdisciplinary efforts and is carried out in line with the following scheme: problem – project – concept – practical solution.

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