scholarly journals How to Build Your Own ASP-based System?!

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-63
Author(s):  
ROLAND KAMINSKI ◽  
JAVIER ROMERO ◽  
TORSTEN SCHAUB ◽  
PHILIPP WANKO
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Difference Constraints ◽  
Application Programming ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Abstract Syntax Trees

Abstract Answer Set Programming, or ASP for short, has become a popular and sophisticated approach to declarative problem solving. Its popularity is due to its attractive modeling-grounding-solving workflow that provides an easy approach to problem solving, even for laypersons outside computer science. However, in contrast to ASP’s ease of use, the high degree of sophistication of the underlying technology makes it even hard for ASP experts to put ideas into practice whenever this involves modifying ASP’s machinery. For addressing this issue, this tutorial aims at enabling users to build their own ASP-based systems. More precisely, we show how the ASP system clingo can be used for extending ASP and for implementing customized special-purpose systems. To this end, we propose two alternatives. We begin with a traditional AI technique and show how metaprogramming can be used for extending ASP. This is a rather light approach that relies on clingo’s reification feature to use ASP itself for expressing new functionalities. The second part of this tutorial uses traditional programming (in Python) for manipulating clingo via its application programming interface. This approach allows for changing and controlling the entire model-ground-solve workflow of ASP. Central to this is clingo’s new Application class that allows us to draw on clingo’s infrastructure by customizing processes similar to the one in clingo. For instance, we may apply manipulations to programs’ abstract syntax trees, control various forms of multi-shot solving, and set up theory propagators for foreign inferences. A cross-sectional structure, spanning meta as well as application programming, is clingo’s intermediate format, aspif, that specifies the interface among the underlying grounder and solver. We illustrate the aforementioned concepts and techniques throughout this tutorial by means of examples and several nontrivial case studies. In particular, we show how clingo can be extended by difference constraints and how guess-and-check programming can be implemented with both meta and application programming.

User identification across online social networks in practice: Pitfalls and solutions

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azadeh Esfandyari ◽  
Matteo Zignani ◽  
Sabrina Gaito ◽  
Gian Paolo Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
User Identification ◽  
Application Programming ◽  
Test Sets ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Programming Interface

To take advantage of the full range of services that online social networks (OSNs) offer, people commonly open several accounts on diverse OSNs where they leave lots of different types of profile information. The integration of these pieces of information from various sources can be achieved by identifying individuals across social networks. In this article, we address the problem of user identification by treating it as a classification task. Relying on common public attributes available through the official application programming interface (API) of social networks, we propose different methods for building negative instances that go beyond usual random selection so as to investigate the effectiveness of each method in training the classifier. Two test sets with different levels of discrimination are set up to evaluate the robustness of our different classifiers. The effectiveness of the approach is measured in real conditions by matching profiles gathered from Google+, Facebook and Twitter.

scholarly journals Design, Fabrication, and Testing of an Internet Connected Intravenous Drip Monitoring Device

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranshul Sardana ◽  
Mohit Kalra ◽  
Amit Sardana
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Stability Change ◽  
Communication Module ◽  
Application Programming ◽  
Time Required ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

This paper proposes a monitoring system retro-fittable for existing Intravenous (IV) infusion setup. Traditionally, doctors and nurses use their experience to estimate the time required by an IV bottle to empty which makes the IV therapy vulnerable to human error. The current study proposes an internet connected monitoring platform for IV drip chambers. The device enables doctors and nursing staff to monitor the drip parameters wirelessly while emphasizing on low costs and high degree of reliability. It has two main units, namely chamber unit and pole unit. Chamber unit houses two types of sensors, optical based for drop detection and capacitive based for level detection, both of which are placed on the chamber unit. The pole unit majorly consists of a microcontroller and a GSM-based (Global System Mobile Communication) communication module. In addition, the device was tested along with various parameters like accuracy, readout stability, change in fluid used, changes in ambient conditions, end chamber conditions, optical unit malfunctions. Finally, the monitored data was securely and reliably transmitted to commercial cloud service using HTTP API calls (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) (Application Programming Interface). This data was stored and visualized for ease of readability for nurses and doctors.

scholarly journals Why Experimental Interfaces Should Include an Application Programming Interface

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stan Ruecker ◽  
Peter Hodges ◽  
Nayaab Lokhadwala ◽  
Szu-Ying Ching ◽  
Jennifer Windsor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Human Computer Interfaces ◽  
Application Programming ◽  
Boolean Queries ◽  
Visual Construction ◽  
The One ◽  
Programming Interface

An Application Programming Interface (API) can serve as a mechanism for separating interface concerns on the one hand from data and processing on the other, allowing for easier implementation of alternative human-computer interfaces. The API can also be used as a sounding board for ideas about what an interface should and should not accomplish. Our discussion will take as its case study our recent work in designing experimental interfaces for the visual construction of Boolean queries, for a project we have previously called the Mandala Browser.

Development and commissioning of decision support tools for sewerage management

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 293-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Manic ◽  
C. Printemps ◽  
M. Zug ◽  
C. Lemoine
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
Decision Support Tools ◽  
Network Systems ◽  
Applied Software ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
First Results ◽  
Application Programming ◽  
The One

Managing sewerage systems is a highly complex task due to the dynamic nature of the facilities. Their performance strongly depends on the know-how applied by the operators. In order to define optimal operational settings, two decision support tools based on mathematical models have been developed. Moreover, easy-to-use interfaces have been created as well, aiding operators who presumably do not have the necessary skills to use modelling software. The two developed programs simulate the behaviour of both wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and sewer network systems, respectively. They have essentially the same structure, including raw data management and statistical analysis, a simulation layer using the application programming interface of the applied software and a layer responsible for the representation of the obtained results. Four user modes are provided in the two software including the simulation of historical data using the applied and novel operational settings, as well as modes concerning prediction of possible operation periods and updates. Concerning the WWTP software, it was successfully installed in Nantes (France) in June 2004. Moreover, the one managing sewer networks has been deployed in Saint-Malo (France) in January 2005. This paper presents the structure of the developed software and the first results obtained during the commissioning phase.

scholarly journals Multiplexed Chat Application

2013 ◽  
pp. 209-213
Author(s):  
A. Vivekanand ◽  
B. Sivaiah ◽  
SK. Khaja Shareef
Keyword(s):  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Network Communication ◽  
System Call ◽  
Network Programming ◽  
Peer Communication ◽  
Transport Layer Protocol ◽  
Application Programming ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Programming Interface

Multiplexing in socket programming is the capability of handling input and output from different I/O channels. we can multiplex UDP and TCP sockets to build multiplexed chat application UDP is a connectionless transport layer protocol. Since TCP doesn't provide the feature of Multicasting UDP is a widely used protocol to implement it. UDP's stateless nature is useful for servers that answer small queries for large number of clients. Socket network programming is one of the most popular technologies used to build a chat application and establishing network communication between systems. Socket programming helps to implement the bottom level of network communication, using Application Programming Interface (API). In this paper we propose a method to make a chat room using socket based on User Datagram Protocol (UDP) which enables the feature of acknowledgments after every message sent and poll system call[1]. It is equivalent to a dedicated chat server having a Server and n number of Clients. After client and server set up to connect, you can achieve many machines to communicate through peer to peer communication, multicasting and File sending. During communication taking place there might be different system and network failures occurring, which we have discussed and proposed a convenient solution for that.

scholarly journals Creating Web APIs with Python and Flask

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
Application Programming ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Programming Interface

Learn how to set up a basic Application Programming Interface (API) to make your data more accessible to users. This lesson also discusses principles of API design and the benefits of APIs for digital projects.

Implementing remote collaboration in a virtual patient platform – enabling students and physicians to learn collaborative clinical reasoning (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kiesewetter ◽  
Inga Hege ◽  
Michael Sailer ◽  
Elisabeth Bauer ◽  
Claudia Schulz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Reasoning ◽  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
Virtual Patient ◽  
Virtual Patients ◽  
Remote Collaboration ◽  
Student Collaboration ◽  
Collaborative Tool ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Application Programming ◽  
Set Up

BACKGROUND Learning with virtual patients is highly popular for fostering clinical reasoning in medical education. However, little learning with virtual patients is done collaboratively, despite the potential learning benefits of collaborative vs. individual learning. OBJECTIVE In this article, we describe the rationale behind the implementation of student collaboration in the CASUS virtual patient platform. METHODS The SimpleWebRTC library of andYet was used to implement the collaborative tool. It provided a basis for the conferencing platform and could be adapted to include features such as video communication and screensharing. An additional text chat was created based on the message protocol of the SimpleWebRTC library. We implemented a user interface for educators to set up and configure the collaboration. Educators can configure video, audio, and text-based chat communication, which are known to promote effective learning. RESULTS We tested the tool in a sample of 137 students working on virtual patients. The study results indicate that students successfully diagnosed 53% (SD = 26%) of the patients when working alone and 71% (SD= 20%) when collaborating using the tool (p < .05, eta2=.12). A usability questionnaire for the study sample shows a usability score of 82.16 (SD = 1.31), a B+ grade. CONCLUSIONS The approach provides a technical framework for collaboration that can be used with the CASUS virtual patient system. Additionally, the application programming interface is generic, so that the setup can also be used with other learning management systems. The collaborative tool helps students diagnose virtual patients and results in a good overall usability of CASUS. Using learning analytics, we are able to track students’ progress in content knowledge and collaborative knowledge and guide them through a virtual patient curriculum designed to teach both. More broadly, the collaborative tool provides an array of new possibilities for researchers and educators alike to design courses, collaborative homework assignments, and research questions for collaborative learning.

Analyzing reputation of Swiss universities on Twitter–The role of stakeholders, content and sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-445
Author(s):  
Daniel Vogler
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Corporate Reputation ◽  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Application Programming ◽  
The Media ◽  
The One ◽  
Source Of Information

PurposeThis study investigated the reputation of Swiss universities on Twitter. It gives detailed insights on how the reputation of universities was constituted in a digitized media environment.Design/methodology/approachThe reputation of universities was conceptualized as a multidimensional construct with an overarching scientific and corporate dimension. It was measured for academic and societal stakeholders as well as for the media. Tweets about Swiss universities were collected through the Twitter application programming interface (API) and analyzed with a manual content analysis.FindingsAcademic stakeholders had a stronger focus on the scientific dimension of reputation and evaluated universities more positively than societal stakeholders or the news media. The news media were the main source of negative evaluations of universities on Twitter.Research limitations/implicationsThe study showed a dichotomy between the scientific dimension on the one hand, and the corporate dimensions of reputation on the other hand, and thus implies a decoupling of scientific and corporate reputation. However, the findings should be explored beyond Twitter to be more generalizable.Practical implicationsThe news media play an important role in the constitution of the scientific and corporate reputation of universities on Twitter. An orientation toward the news media, therefore, remains a promising strategy to manage reputation.Social implicationsThe news media are an important source of information for academic and societal stakeholders. Thus, they can contribute to integrating academic and societal stakeholder groups by producing a common base of knowledge of higher education and its organizations.Originality/valueThis is the first study to comprehensively measure the reputation of universities on Twitter.

Noise Corrected Sampling of Online Social Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Michele Coscia
Keyword(s):  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Information Gain ◽  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
Network Sampling ◽  
Topological Network ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Network Topologies ◽  
Application Programming ◽  
The One ◽  
Programming Interface

In this article, we propose a new method to perform topological network sampling. Topological network sampling is a process for extracting a subset of nodes and edges from a network, such that analyses on the sample provide results and conclusions comparable to the ones they would return if run on whole structure. We need network sampling because the largest online network datasets are accessed through low-throughput application programming interface (API) systems, rendering the collection of the whole network infeasible. Our method is inspired by the literature on network backboning, specifically the noise-corrected backbone. We select the next node to explore by following the edge we identify as the one providing the largest information gain, given the topology of the sample explored so far. We evaluate our method against the most commonly used sampling methods. We do so in a realistic framework, considering a wide array of network topologies, network analysis, and features of API systems. There is no method that can provide the best sample in all possible scenarios, thus in our results section, we show the cases in which our method performs best and the cases in which it performs worst. Overall, the noise-corrected network sampling performs well: it has the best rank average among the tested methods across a wide range of applications.

Computer Reconstruction of the Cellular Architecture of the Daphnia Magna Optic Ganglion

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 284-285
Author(s):  
E. R. Macagno ◽  
C. Levinthal
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Compound Eye ◽  
Synaptic Connectivity ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Small Crustacean ◽  
Optic Ganglion ◽  
Structural Invariance ◽  
High Degree

The optic ganglion of Daphnia Magna, a small crustacean that reproduces parthenogenetically contains about three hundred neurons: 110 neurons in the Lamina or anterior region and about 190 neurons in the Medulla or posterior region. The ganglion lies in the midplane of the organism and shows a high degree of left-right symmetry in its structures. The Lamina neurons form the first projection of the visual output from 176 retinula cells in the compound eye. In order to answer questions about structural invariance under constant genetic background, we have begun to reconstruct in detail the morphology and synaptic connectivity of various neurons in this ganglion from electron micrographs of serial sections (1). The ganglion is sectioned in a dorso-ventra1 direction so as to minimize the cross-sectional area photographed in each section. This area is about 60 μm x 120 μm, and hence most of the ganglion fit in a single 70 mm micrograph at the lowest magnification (685x) available on our Zeiss EM9-S.

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